History of Computers
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The document summarizes the six generations of computers from mechanical devices like the abacus to modern electronic computers. It describes key inventions and advancements that defined each generation, such as Charles Babbage's Analytical Engine, the first general-purpose computer ENIAC which used vacuum tubes, the development of integrated circuits and microprocessors, and advancements in artificial intelligence. The sixth generation saw the rise of microchips which allowed computers to perform complex tasks while becoming smaller, faster, and more integrated into networks.
History of Computers
- 2. Imagine that you have a job where you have to perform nothing but calculations every day, at one point of time you will get bored, you might even become careless and start making mistakes.
- 3. History of ComputersHistory of Computer are Divided into Six Generations Where Every new generation has certain dramatic improvements when compared to its previous generations. >> The Mechanical Era (1623-1900) >> First Generation Electronic Computers (1937-1953) >> Second-Generation (1954-1962) >> Third-Generation (1963-1972) >> Fourth-Generation (1972-1984) >> Fifth Generation (1984-1990) >> Sixth Generation (1990-till date)
- 5. The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900) Machine/Device Year Information Abacus 5000 BC Abacus is use for performing task in Addition,Subtraction,Division and Multiplication, also use for extracting square roots and cubic roots.
- 6. Napier’s bones 1624 Napier bone is use for logarithm is one of the famous tools by changing large and difficult multiplication operations to simple addition in a table . Machine/Device Year Information The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900) John Napier Napier Bone
- 7. Machine/Device Year Information The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900) Pascaline 1642 Pascaline was a numerical wheel calculator ,it is invented by Blaise Pascal it was ability to handle number up to 999,999.999. Blaise Pascal Pascal Calculator
- 8. Machine/Device Year Information Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz 1646 Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz was a German mathematician and philosopher. He invented Slide Rule which is use to measuring the Storage. The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900) Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz Slide Rule
- 9. Machine/Device Year Information The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900) Difference Engine and Analytical Engine 1823 to 1833 Charles Babbage designed two classes of engines, The mathematical principle on which Difference Engine was based and the Second was Analytical Engine which was much more than a calculator, helped in Performing fully fledged general-purpose computation instead of mechanical arithmetic calculation. Difference Engine Analytical Engine Charles Babbage
- 10. The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900) Analytical Engine
- 11. The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900) Joseph Marie Jacquard Jacquard Loom Machine/Device Year Information Jacquard Loom 1847 Joseph Marie Jacquard invented Jacquard Loom, it is used for write or punch by a machine Jacquard Loom in 1847. Data Punched on Jacquard Loom
- 12. Machine/Device Year Information The Mechanical History of Computer (1623-1900) Punch Card 1890 Herman Hollerith an American inventor developed the Machine that read information which had been punched into the cards. Punch Card Machine Punch Card Herman Hollerith
- 13. First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953)
- 14. Machine/Device Year Information Atanasoff-Berry Computer 1942 Professor John Vincent Atanasoff designed and built the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) in 1939-1942. First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953) Prof: John Vincent Atanasoff Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC)
- 15. First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953)
- 16. Machine/Device Year Information Harvard Mark-1 1944 Harvard Mark-1 was conceived by Haward Aiken,it was designed and built by IBM.it was as big as a room with fifty-feet long, it was a relay-based Calculator, use for mathematical tables. First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953) Howard Hathaway Aiken Harvard Mark-1
- 17. Machine/Device Year Information ENIAC 1946 ENIAC (Electronic Numerator Variable Automatic Computer) invented by John Mauchly and J Presper Eckert,it was the first general-purpose Operational Computer works with Vacuum Tubes. Vacuum Tubes made by Engineer John Ambrose Fleming. First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953) John Mauchly ENIAC J.Presper Eckert Vacuum Tubes Engr.John Ambrose Fleming
- 18. Machine/Device Year Information EDVAC 1949 EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)as compare to ENIAC had a major improvement ,In EDVAC binary numbers were used instead of decimal numbers which made construction arithmetic units simple. First Generation Electronic Computer (1937-1953) EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
- 20. Machine/Device Year Information TRADIC 1955 TRADIC (Transistor Digital Computer) invented by Bell Labs for the US Air force, It was fully made up of transistors and diodes and has no vacuum tubes, nearly 800 transistors used instead of vacuum tubes. Have to run the machine 1/20th power required for operating Vacuum Tube Computers. TRADIC (Transistor Digital Computer)
- 21. William Shockley John Bardeen Walter Brattain Transistors
- 22. Machine/Device Year Information IBM 704 1956 IBM 704 was one of the first computers that were commercially available for the incorporation of floating points arithmetic's and indexing ,its magnetic core memory was reliable than the Cathode-ray-tube Memory .
- 23. INTEGRATED CIRCUITS (IC):- Integrated Circuit was invented by Jack Kilby in 1964, The development of the integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Transistors were miniaturized and placed on silicon chips, called semiconductors, which drastically increased the speed and efficiency of computers. Jack Kilby Integrated Circuits (IC)
- 24. The Microprocessor Era:- The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers, as thousands of integrated circuits we rebuilt onto a single silicon chip. A silicon chip that contains a CPU. In the world of personal computers,the terms microprocessor and CPU are used interchangeably. At the heart of all personal computers and most workstations sits a microprocessor. Microprocessors also control the logic of almost all digital devices, from clock radios to fuel-injection systems for automobiles.
- 25. Artificial Intelligence Era:- While the microprocessor has revolutionized the computing industry, the fifth generation of computer looks to turn the whole industry on its head once again. The fifth generation of computing is called "artificial intelligence," and it is the goal of computer scientists and developers to eventually create computers than outsmart, outwit, and maybe even outlast their human inventors. Artificial intelligence can be broken into five distinct categories: games playing, robotics, expert systems, neural networks, and natural language. Each of these categories is being developed largely independent of one another; game playing, for instance, has seen great success over the course of the past 15 years, while natural language has taken longer to full develop and perfect.
- 26. Six Generation Micro CHIP Era in the History of Computer:- In the six Generation the ability to perform many complex tasks at one time was expanded and revolutionized with the introduction of the microprocessor in the early 70’s. Now what took up a whole room could rest gently on a fingertip. Microprocessors were the beginning for a fury of technological advancements that includes computerized cars, appliances and smart phones. Everything has become smarter, faster and smaller. They have also become integrated. With the advent of the microprocessor came the ability to link computers together in a network. The birth of the Internet and all of its wonders are attributed to the birth of the microchip.