Vim can be used to interact with Git without plugins by using normal Vim commands like :!git add % to stage changes and :!git commit to commit. The vim-fugitive plugin provides a more integrated experience by allowing Git commands to be run from buffers and windows. It provides commands like :Gstatus to view the status and :Gdiff to diff files. The gitv plugin allows viewing a repository's history in Vim similarly to gitk. Advanced techniques include using hashes from gitv to reference commits in Git commands and defining custom mappings.