how to write proposal
- 1. WEEK 11 HOW TO WRITE PROPOSAL
- 2. • Consist of : 1. Title / cover page 2. Chapter 1 - Introduction 3. Chapter 2 - Literature review 4. Chapter 3 - Methodology 5. Work schedule 6. Reference 7. Appendices Proposal
- 3. • It should be concise and descriptive. • Often titles are stated in terms of a functional relationship, because such titles clearly indicate the independent and dependent variables. • 15 words only Tittle
- 4. • Perception of safety and coping as a function of school environment and peer victimization • Promoting social skills and self concept as components of resiliency in school-age children Example
- 6. • The main purpose of the introduction is to provide the necessary background or context for your research problem. Introduction
- 7. Chapter 1 No Section / Chapters Page/s 1.0 Introduction 1 1.1 Background of Problem 2-5 1.2 Problem Statement 1 1.3 Research Objectives ½ 1.4 Research Questions ½ 1.5 Conceptual Framework 1-2 1.6 Significance of Study 1 1.7 Limitation Of Study 1 1.8 Operational Definition 1
- 8. • Describe the broad foundations of your study, including some references to existing literature and/or empirically observable situations. • The introduction needs to provide sufficient background for readers to understand where your study is coming from. An introduction paragraph
- 9. • Begins by discussing the subject area in general terms – focus gradually narrows towards the topic and specific issue that is the subject of the study. Background to the study
- 10. • Where did the topic/ issue come from? • What are the main trends that have occurred in the field? • What are the main researchers/ theorists working on this topic? • What are some of the main issues in this field? • What are some of the main concepts relevant to this issue? 5Wh questions
- 11. • What are some key studies that have been done> When? Where? By whom? • What they find? • What further investigation is needed? 5Wh questions
- 12. • Answer the question: “What is the gap that needs to be filled?” and/or “What is the problem that needs to be solved?” • State the problem clearly early in a paragraph. Problem statement
- 13. • More specific and detailed statements of what you intend to find out. • Example : i. To determine students knowledge level on mobile learning ii. To design learning activities…. Objectives of the study
- 14. • Cover the same ground as objectives, but they are written in the form of questions. • Example : – What the level of students knowledge on mobile learning? Research questions of the study
- 15. • Sometimes referred to as Rationale of the study. • Its important-where the researcher tries to answer the questions • Who will be benefit from the findings of the study. Significance of the study
- 16. • Researcher cannot study everything • Make choices and set limits about things such as – The population they will study – The nature of the sample – The treatment – Many other factors Scope/ Limitations of the study
- 17. • Define all of the key terms that are used in your title and proposal Definitions of key terms
- 19. • State the current state of knowledge on the topics. • Look at the previous studies- related to your topic • Investigate the methodologies used and findings found in those studies • Explain how your research differ or are similar to these earlier studies. Literature Review
- 20. • Sub titles depend on the topic of research Literature review
- 22. • Consist of : 1. Research design 2. Sampling 3. Instrument 4. Data collection procedures 5. Data analysis 3. Methodology Depends on your research
- 23. Work Schedule
- 24. Work Schedule
- 25. Reference
- 26. • All sources cited in the text must be included. • 5 years back except related to theory. • Using APA styles. Reference
- 27. Appendices
- 28. • Copies of instrument – Questionnaires – Observation sheets – Data from pilot study – Letter of approval or permission – Other Appendices