HTML5 and the Open Web Platform - Web Technologies (1019888BNR)

2 December 2005
Web Technologies
HTML5 and the Open Web Platform
Prof. Beat Signer
Department of Computer Science
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
http://www.beatsigner.com

Beat Signer - Department of Computer Science - bsigner@vub.ac.be 2October 14, 2016
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
 HTML is an application of the Standard Generalized
Markup Language (SGML)
 simple human-readable markup language with a number of
markup tags that can be manipulated by any text editor
 Various markup tags to define the structure and
presentation of a HTML document (webpage)
 root element (<html>), header (<head>), body (<body>) and
title (<title>)
 headings (<h1>, ... <h6>) and paragraphs (<p>)
 tables (<table>, <tr> and <td>) and lists (<ol>, <ul> and <li>)
 images (<img>)
 w3schools provides a detailed list of tags
 http://www.w3schools.com/tags/

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) ...
 Tags can be nested and attributes (key/value pairs) can
be added to a tag
 HTML documents are transformed into a Document
Object Model (DOM) by the browser
 tree of elements (and attributes) with textual content
 HTML DOM defines objects and properties for HTML elements
- document node, element nodes, text nodes, attribute nodes
and comment nodes
 standard to create, read, update and delete HTML elements
 Hyperlinks to connect different HTML documents
 only unidirectional embedded hyperlinks are supported

HTML Example
<!DOCTYPE html
PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/strict.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Vrije Universiteit Brussel</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>News</h1>
<p>Internationalisation was this years theme of the academic opening of
the <a href="http://www.vub.ac.be">Vrije Universiteit Brussel</a>.
</p>
<p>The Vrije Universiteit Brussel will organise the new International
Business Arbitration post-graduate course from the new academic year
onwards.<img src="course.jpg" width="120" height="100" alt="Course">
</p>
...
</body>
</html>

HTML DOM Example
News
html
head body
document
title
Vrije Univer ...
h1 p p …
…
aInternationa ...
Vrije Uni ...
href
http:// ...
document node
element node
attribute node
text node
root node

History of HTML
 HTML 1.0 (1993)
 HTML 2.0 (1995)
 at that time the Netscape Navigator offered much more
functionality than the HTML standard
- "browser war" between Netscape and Internet Explorer
 HTML 3.2 (1997)
 first version that was developed exclusively by the Word Wide
Web Consortium (W3C)
 introduced tables
 introduced a lot of new elements for the visual appearance of a
document (that was not the original idea of HTML!)
- e.g. <font> element or color attribute
- most elements now deprecated and cascading style sheets should be used

History of HTML ...
 HTML 4.0 (1997) and HTML 4.01 (1999)
 internationalisation (Unicode)
 introduction of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
 In 1998 the W3C decided to not further evolve HTML!
 XHTML 1 (2000) and XHTML 1.1 (2001)
 XML version of HTML (draconian error handling)
 XHTML 2.0 (never finished, discontinued in 2009)
 revolutionary changes  breaking backwards compatibility
 Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group
(WHATWG) founded in 2004 (led by Ian Hickson)
 Web Forms 2.0 and Web Applications 1.0  HTML5

History of HTML ...
 In 2006 the W3C decided to work on HTML again
 based on WHATWG's Web Applications specification
 HTML5 specification is currently developed
simultaneously by the WHATWG and the W3C
HTML Working Group
 HTML – Living Standard, WHATWG
 HTML5 – A Vocabulary and Associated APIs for HTML and
XHTML
 HTML5 is a W3C Recommendation since October 2014

Problems with HTML
 Mix of content, structure and presentation
 no separation of concerns
 structure of content defines the presentation in the browser
 "Forgiving" browsers weaken the standard
 an HTML document with errors (e.g. missing tags etc.) will still be
rendered without any error messages
 HTML documents can be checked against the standard
- http://validator.w3.org
 most existing websites (>99%) contain errors
- exercise: can you find a webpage without any errors?
 Lack of support for multiple presentations

XHTML
 XHTML is a reformulation of HTML to make
it an XML application (instead of SGML)
 we accept that HTML is here to stay
 improve HTML by using XML (e.g. nesting or closing of tags)
 use benefits of XML with minimal effort
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Vrije Universiteit Brussel</title>
</head>
<body>
...
</body>
</html>

HTML5
... HTML5 does not belong to a company or a specific
browser. It has been forged by a community of people
interested in evolving the web and a consortium of
technological leaders that includes Google, Microsoft, Apple,
Mozilla, Facebook, IBM, HP, Adobe, and many others. The
community and consortium continue to collaborate on
universal browser standards to push web capabilities even
further. The next generation of web apps can run high-
performance graphics, work offline, store a large amount of
data on the client, perform calculations fast, and take
interactivity and collaboration to the next level. ...
Why HTML5 Rocks, http://www.html5rocks.com

HTML5 Design Principles
 Compatibility
 evolve the language for easier authoring of web applications
 Utility
 solve real problems (pragmatic approach)
 separation of content and presentation (CSS)
 Interoperability
 interoperable browser behaviour
 identical error handling across browsers resulting in the same
DOM tree for broken HTML
 Universal Access
 features should preferably work across different platforms
(cross-platform), devices and media
 design features should be accessible to users with disabilities

HTML5 Design Principles ...
 Simple is better
 new doctype: <!DOCTYPE html>
 HTML5 APIs
 ...
 Avoid external plug-ins
 plug-ins are often not nicely integrated with HTML documents
 plug-ins can be disabled or blocked (e.g. Adobe Flash on iPad)
 plug-ins may crash
 ...

HTML5 and Open Web Platform APIs
W3C Recommendation
W3C Candidate Recommendation
Working Draft
W3C Working Group Note
Non-W3C Specification
HTML
Markup
Canvas
2D
Web
Messaging
Audio
Video
Web
Sockets
Drag
and
Drop
Web
Workers
Micro
data
Web SQL
Web
Storage
HTML+
RDFa
XmlHTTP
Request
File API
Media
Capure
Indexed
Database
Contacts
API
Screen
Orientation
Timing
Control
Touch
Events
Geo
Location
RDFa
Web Open
Font
Navigation
Timing
Selectors
L1
SVGMathML
3.0
CSS3
Battery
Status
API
Fullscreen
JavaScript
WebGL
Deprecated
based on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML5#/
 Simplifies implementation
of cross-platform applications
 Standard way for accessing
specific functionality
 No need for plug-in installation

JavaScript/ECMAScript
 Growing use of JavaScript frameworks and AJAX
 JavaScript engine race
 in 2006 Adobe donated their just-in-time (JIT) compilation engine
and ECMAScript virtual machine to the Mozilla project
 healthy competition among browser vendors
- bring JavaScript performance closer to that of native desktop application code
www.codeeval.com http://www.whatbrowser.org
Most Popular Coding Languages of 2016

Browser Performance

Web Browsers (1990–2016)
WorldWideWeb
Internet Explorer
Trident Engine
Mozilla
Firefox
WebKit Engine
Safari
Gecko Engine
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Timeline_of_web_browsers.svg

HTML Markup
 Some elements have been added
 structural elements such as <article>, <section>, <header>,
<footer> or <nav>
 media elements including <video>, <audio> or <embed>
 a <canvas> drawing element
 Other elements have been removed
 <big>, <font>, <strike>, <u>, <center>, ...
 New form functionality (originally Web Forms 2.0)
 form elements such as <datalist> or <output>
 input types such as date, color, email, tel, range, ...
 native functionality for client-side validation (without scripting)
W3CRecommendation

HTML Forms

HTML Forms ...
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
...
</head>
<body>
<form action="submit.html" method="post">
Name (required) <input type="text" name="name" required autofocus>
Title <input type="text" name="title">
Shoesize <input list="range" min="10" max="30" name="shoesize">
Email (required) <input type="email" name="mail" required>
Webpage <input type="url" name="webpage">
Date of Birth <input type="date" name="birthday">
<input type="hidden" name="id" value="S8798349">
<input type="submit" name="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

HTML Forms ...
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
...
</head>
<body>
<form action="submit.html" method="get">
Course <input list="courses" name="course">
<datalist id="courses">
<option value="Web Information Systems">
<option value="Web Technologies">
<option value="Next Generation User Interfaces">
<option value="Advanced Topics in Information Systems">
<option value="Databases">
</datalist>
<input type="submit" name="Submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>

HTML Forms ...
 Filled in information is sent to the server as name/value
pairs in an HTTP GET or HTTP POST request
 HTML5 forms simplify the client-side validation of input
fields
 validation based on input type and other optional attributes
 valid input for text input fields can be defined via the pattern
attribute (regular expression)
 no longer necesarry to use JavaScript for client-side validation

HTML Links
 Only unidirectional embedded liks are supported
 Linking to parts of another document
 only possible if we can add id attributes
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
...
</head>
<body>
<a href="http://www.vub.ac.be">VUB</a> <!– simple link -->
<a href="http://www.vub.ac.be" target="_blank" >VUB</a>
<a href="contact.html">Contact us</a> <!– link to same folder -->
<a href="mailto:john@xyz.org">Email John</a> <!– link to email -->
<a href="#introduction">Introduction</a> <!– link to parts of the same
page (identified via an id attribute with the corresponding name) -->
</body>
</html>

Video
 <video> element can be used to play videos
in HTML pages
 element has methods, properties and events
 no external plug-in (e.g. Adobe Flash) is required
 e.g. in early 2015 YouTube switched from Flash to HTML5 video
as the default
 Multiple video formats are supported
 MP4, WebM and Ogg
<video width="640" height="480" controls="controls" autoplay="autoplay">
<source src="bullhead.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
<source src="bullhead.webm" type="video/webm" />
The video tag is not supported by your browser!
</video>
W3CRecommendation

Video ...
 Current limitations
 no copy protection
 limited access to web cams and microphones but this is going to
change in the near future (via the Media Captue API)
 HTML5 Video vs. Adobe Flash
... Our future work with Flash on mobile devices will be focused on
enabling Flash developers to package native apps with Adobe AIR for all
the major app stores. We will no longer continue to develop Flash Player
in the browser to work with new mobile device configurations (chipset,
browser, OS version, etc.) following the upcoming release of Flash
Player 11.1 for Android and BlackBerry PlayBook. ...
Adobe Systems Incorporated, November 9, 2011
W3CRecommendation

Audio
 <audio> element can be used to play audio
in HTML pages
 element has methods, properties and events
<audio controls="controls">
<source src="intro.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" />
<source src="intro.ogg" type="audio/ogg" />
The audio tag is not supported by your browser!
</audio>
W3CRecommendation

Canvas 2D
 <canvas> tag can be used in combination with
JavaScript to draw on a webpage (raster graphics)
 define a canvas with an id and use it in the JavaScript code
 draw lines, shapes (with optional gradient filling) etc. or add text
<canvas id="drawingArea" width="200" height="200">
The canvas tag is not supported by your browser!
</canvas>
<script type=“application/javascript">
var canvas = document.getElementById("drawingArea");
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
context.fillStyle = "#0000FF";
context.fillRect(50,50,100,50);
context.moveTo(0,0);
context.lineTo(200,200);
context.stroke();
</script>
W3CRecommendation

HTML5 Canvas and JavaScript Demo
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnexWE5Rbx4

Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG)
 Vector graphics alternative to Canvas 2D
 resolution independent
 define graphics in XML format (embeddable in HTML)
 good support for animations (declarative description)
 full control over each element via the SVG DOM API
 On the other hand, Canvas 2D offers better performance
W3CRecommendation
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>...</head>
<body>
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<circle id="myCircle" cx="50" cy="50" r="100" fill="blue" />
</svg>
</body>
</html>

Web Graphics Library (WebGL)
 3D graphics API for JavaScript
 getContext("3d") might be used in the future
 currently getContext("webgl") or getContext("webgl2")
 GPU accelerated

ZygoteBody (WebGL) (Video)

Offline Web Applications
 Application cache is used for
 offline browsing where users can use the web application while
they are offline
 increased performance due to cache hits and reduced server load
 Managed via a cache manifest (on every page)
W3CWorkingGroupNote
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" manifest="myApp.appcache">...</html>
CACHE MANIFEST
CACHE:
index.html
default.js
NETWORK:
dynamic.js
FALLBACK:
time.js fallback-time.js
#version 3

Web Storage API
 localStorage and sessionStorage JavaScript
objects to store data (key/value) on the client
 localStorage has no time limit whereas sessionStorage is
deleted when the browser window is closed
- localStorage with same-origin policy and sessionStorage per window
 replace cookies for large amounts of data
- cookies are limited in size (maximal 4 KB) and are sent with each request
W3CRecommendation
<script>
if (localStorage.counter) {
localStorage.counter = Number(localStorage.counter) + 1;
}
else {
localStorage.counter = 1;
}
document.write("Total of " + localStorage.counter + " visits");
</script>

Indexed Database API
 Low-level indexed storage capabilities
 object store
 changes happen within transactions
 same-origin policy (domain, protocol and port)
 other libraries to be developed based on top of the indexed core
 In contrast to the Web Storage API, an object store may
have an arbitrary number of indexes
 No space limit such as in the Web Storage API
 Likely going to become the future structured storage
 replacing the Web SQL API (which is now deprecated)
 Introduces the concept of transactions and cursors
W3CRecommendation

File API
 Handling of files in web applications
 can only read but not write to the local file system
 reading of File, FileList and Blob objects
 File object with various attributes (name, size, type,
lastModifiedDate)
 FileReader can be used to read file content
W3CWorkingDraft
<input id="f1" type="file">
var fileInput = document.getElementById("f1");
var fileList = fileInput.files;
for (var i = 0; i < fileList.length; i++) {
var file = fileList[i];
// handle individual file
}

Drag and Drop
 Drag items and drop them anywhere in the browser
 define draggable elements via the draggable attribute
 define elements that can accept drops
 exchange information via the dataTransfer object
 Items can also be drag and dropped from the desktop to
the browser
W3CRecommendation

Drag and Drop ...
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
// style sheet information for the div elements
<script>
function drag(event) {
event.dataTransfer.setData("text/plain", event.target.id);
}
function drop(event) {
event.preventDefault(); // avoid default behaviour of opening as link
var data=event.dataTransfer.getData("text/plain");
event.target.appendChild(document.getElementById(data));
}
function allowDrop(event) {
event.preventDefault();
}
</script>
</head>
W3CRecommendation

Drag and Drop ...
<body>
<div id="div1" ondrop="drop(event)" ondragover="allowDrop(event)">
<img src="wise.gif" draggable="true" ondragstart="drag(event)" id="d1">
</div>
<div id="div2" ondrop="drop(event)" ondragover="allowDrop(event)"></div>
</body>
</html>
W3CRecommendation

Web Workers
 When executing JavaScript in an HTML page, the
page becomes non-responsive until the script is finished
 Web Workers can be used to execute JavaScript code in
a background process (thread)
 to avoid the complexity of multi-threaded programming, Web
Workers have independent JavaScript contexts and can only
interact with each other via event-driven message passing
W3CWorkingDraft
<script>
var worker = new Worker("myScript.js");
worker.onmessage = function(event) {
alert("The worker received this: " + event.data);
// web worker sends a message back
postMessage("I got your call and will work on it");
...
};

Web Workers ...
 Note that Web Workers have no access to
window.document (page or DOM API)
 "clean up" Web Workers via terminate() method
// add a listener to receive messages from the web worker
worker.addEventListener("message", handle, false);
function handle(e) {
// process message from the web worker
}
worker.postMessage("Hello worker!");
</script>
W3CWorkingDraft

Web Socket API
 Bidirectional, full-duplex socket connection between
the server and browser for real-time web applications
(low latency) with asynchronous partial updates
 server-initiated updates become possible!
 client and server upgrade from the HTTP protocol to the
WebSocket protocol (initial HTTP handshake)
- via Connection: Upgrade and Upgrade: websocket HTTP header fields
- browser as well as server have to support the Web Socket protocol
 reduced "overhead" since no HTTP headers
 no longer necessary to do any polling or long polling
- faster since in the polling approach the server can send nothing while a client
request is transmitted
 similarly an EventSource object can be used if only the server
has to push information (server-sent events)
W3CCandidateRecommendation

Web Socket API ...
<script>
var socket = new WebSocket("ws://chat-server.com");
socket.onopen = function(e) { alert("Opened connection ..."); };
socket.onmessage = function(e) {
var message = JSON.parse(e.data));
alert("Message received.");
...
};
socket.onclose = function(e) { alert("Closed connection."); };
socket.onerror = function(e) { alert("WebSocket Error" + e); };
socket.send("Hellow World");
// connection stays open and server can send multiple things
...
socket.close();
</script>

Geolocation API
 Standard interface for accessing geographical
location information on the client device
 transparent access to different location information sources
- GPS, GSM cells, IP address, RFID, Wi-Fi connection etc.
 Firefox uses the Google Location Service as default
lookup service
 send IP address and information about nearby wireless access
points to the Google Location Service and an approximate
location will be computed
W3CRecommendation

Geolocation API ...
 JavaScript access to the Geolocation API
 access via the geolocation child object of the navigator object
 we can also continuously monitor the client's position
function showPosition(position) {
alert(position.coords.latitude + " " + position.coords.longitude);
}
function showError() {
alert("Your current position cannot be computed!");
}
navigator.geolocation.getCurrentPosition(showPosition, showError,
{timeout:10000});
navigator.geolocation.watchPosition(showPosition);
W3CRecommendation

Geolocation Example: Google Maps

Fullscreen API
 Can be used to show elements in fullscreen mode
 requestFullscreen() and exitFullScreen()
W3CWorkingGroupNote
<video id="video1" width="640" height="480">
<source src="bullhead.mp4" type="video/mp4" />
</video>
var video = document.getElementById("video1");
if (video.requestFullscreen) { // different browser implementations
video.requestFullscreen();
} else if (video.msRequestFullscreen) {
video.msRequestFullscreen();
} else if (video.mozRequestFullScreen) {
video.mozRequestFullScreen();
} else if (video.webkitRequestFullscreen) {
video.webkitRequestFullscreen();
}

Screen Orientation API
 Provides access to the orientation of the screen
 portrait-primary, portrait-secondary,
landscape-primary or landscape-secondary
W3CWorkingDraft
// add a listener to react to changes of screen orientation
screen.orientation.addEventListener("change", function () {
console.log("The orientation of the screen is: " + screen.orientation);
});
// lock the screen in portrait or landscape orientation
screen.orientation.lock("landscape");
// unlock the screen
screen.orientation.unlock();
screen.orientation.lock('portrait')

Page Visibility API
 Provides information about the current visibility
of a page
 we can adapt behaviour if a page is not visible (e.g. minimised)
- change update frequency (e.g. checking for emails) to save resources
- pause video or game
- do not charge for ads
W3CRecommendation
var video = document.getElementById("video1"); // assume we have a video
document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", handle, false);
function handle() {
if (document.hidden) {
video.pause();
} else {
video.play();
}
}

Pointer Lock API
 Provides access to raw (relative) mouse movements
 single element gets all the mouse events
 mouse cursor is removed from view (exit via Esc key)
 input for first person perspective and 3D modelling software
W3CProposedRecommendation
<canvas id="c1" width="200" height="200"></canvas>
var canvas = document.getElementById("c1");
canvas.requestPointerLock();
document.addEventListener("pointerlockchange", change, false);
document.addEventListener("mousemove", move, false);
function change(e) {
// react to change of the lock status
}

Pointer Lock API ...
function move(e) {
var x = e.movementX; // movement of x in pixels
var y = e.movementY; // movement of y in pixels
// do something with the x,y movement
}
// Pointer lock released via exitPointerLock() or by pressing the Esc key
document.exitPointerLock();

Battery Status API
 Provides Information about the battery status of the
hosting device
 e.g. to reduce battery drain when the battery is low
var battery = navigator.battery;
console.log("Battery level: " + Math.floor(battery.level * 100) + "%");
console.log("Device is " + (battery.charging ? "charging" : "discharging");
console.log("Battery charged in " + battery.chargingTime + "s");
console.log("Battery empty in " + battery.dischargingTime + "s");
// we can further register to the following events:
chargingchange, levelchange, chargingtimechange and dischargingtimechange
battery.onlevelchange = function() {
...
}

Vibration API
 Provide simple tactile feedback
 simple vibration or pattern of on/off pulses
 feedback for mobile phones and other devices
 for devices not supporting vibrations, the methods have no effect
W3CRecommendation
// single vibration for 300ms
navigator.vibrate(300);
// pattern with pauses of 50ms
navigator.vibrate([300, 50, 300, 50, 1000]);
// ongoing vibrations can be cancelled at any time by calling the vibrate
method with a value of zero
navigator.vibrate(0);

Web Notifications API
 Display notifications to alert users outside the
context of a web page
 show standard desktop notifications (e.g. lower right corner)
W3CRecommendation
Notification.requestPermission(); // ask for permission
var options = {
body: "This is the body of my message",
icon: "data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhE"
};
var notification = new Notification("My Title", options);

Example: Multiplayer Port of Quake II
 Google's browser port of Quake II uses
 canvas and WebGL
 <audio> for sound
 <video> for in-game videos
 Web Sockets for communication with the server (other players)
 Local Storage for managing preferences and saved games

Other HTML5 Features
 Media Capture and Streams
 access local multimedia devices such as microphones or video
cameras
 Web Messaging
 communication between documents (e.g. in different frames, tabs
or windows) regardless of their source domain
 messages should only be accepted from domains we expect to
receive messages from
 WebRTC 1.0: Real-time Communication Between
Browsers
 real-time browser-to-browser applications for voice calling, video
chat etc.

Other HTML5 Features …
 Note that some other HTML5 features are
introduced later in the course
 Microdata
 …

Exercise 3
 HTML5 and the Open Web Platform

References
 HTML – Living Standard, WHATWG
 http://www.whatwg.org/html
 HTML5 – A Technical Specification for Web Developers
 http://developers.whatwg.org
 HTML5 – A Vocabulary and Associated APIs for HTML
and XHTML, W3C Recommendation
 http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/
 HTML Design Principles, W3C Working Draft
 http://www.w3.org/TR/html-design-principles/
 HTML Tutorial
 http://www.w3schools.com/html/

References ...
 HTML Canvas 2D Context, W3C Working Draft
 http://www.w3.org/TR/2dcontext/
 Simon Sarris, HTML 5 Canvas: A Web Standard
for Dynamic Graphics (refcardz #151)
 http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/html5-canvas-web-standard
 HTML5 Canvas and JavaScript Demo
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cnexWE5Rbx4
 Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) 1.1
 http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/

References ...
 HTML Tutorial
 http://www.w3schools.com/html/
 Andy Harris, Core HTML (refcardz #64)
 http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/core-html
 James Sugrue, HTML5: The Evolution
of Web Standards (refcardz #123)
 http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/html5-new-standards-web-interactivity
 Mark Pilgrim, HTML5: Up and Running - Dive Into the
Future of Web Development, O'Reilly Media, August
2010, ISBN-13: 978-0596806026

References ...
 Offline Web Applications, W3C Working
Group Note
 http://www.w3.org/TR/offline-webapps/
 Max Firtman, HTML5 Mobile Development,
(refcardz #186)
 http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/html5-mobile-development
 W3C Markup Validation Service
 http://validator.w3.org
 ZygoteBody
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_n2Us7oGmRA

References
 Web Storage, W3C Recommendation
 http://www.w3.org/TR/webstorage/
 Indexed Database API, W3C Recommendation
 http://www.w3.org/TR/IndexedDB/
 Gerard Gallant, HTML5: IndexedDB,
(refcardz #195)
 http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/html5-indexeddb
 File API, W3C Working Draft
 http://www.w3.org/TR/FileAPI/
 Web Workers, W3C Working Draft
 http://www.w3.org/TR/workers/

References ...
 Gerard Gallant, HTML5 Web Workers:
Multithreaded JavaScript for High-Performance Web
Apps (refcardz #177)
 http://refcardz.dzone.com/refcardz/html5-web-workers
 Web Sockets API, W3C Candidate Recommendation
 http://www.w3.org/TR/websockets/
 Geolocation API, W3C Recommendation
 http://www.w3.org/TR/geolocation-API/
 Fullscreen API, W3C Working Group Note
 https://www.w3.org/TR/fullscreen/

References ...
 Screen Orientation API, W3C Working Draft
 http://www.w3.org/TR/screen-orientation/
 Page Visibility API, W3C Recommendation
 http://www.w3.org/TR/page-visibility/
 Pointer Lock API, W3C Proposed Recommendation
 http://www.w3.org/TR/pointerlock/
 Battery Status API, W3C Candidate Recommendation
 http://www.w3.org/TR/battery-status/
 Vibration API, W3C Recommendation
 http://www.w3.org/TR/vibration/

References ...
 Web Notifications API, W3C Proposed
Recommendation
 http://www.w3.org/TR/notifications/

2 December 2005
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Web Application Frameworks

HTML5 and the Open Web Platform - Web Technologies (1019888BNR)

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