Ibm csoc response_future _ai 20160907 v5
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The document is IBM's response to the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy's request for input on artificial intelligence. It addresses 11 topics, providing an overview of key issues like the use of AI for public good, the social and economic implications of AI, important research gaps, and the need for multi-disciplinary collaboration and open data sets to advance the field safely. It recommends focusing on skills and having a responsible dialogue to develop AI for societal benefit.
Ibm csoc response_future _ai 20160907 v5
- 1. The Future of Artificial Intelligence: An IBM Research, Chief Science Office Cognitive, Perspective Guru Banavar, IBM VP, Chief Science Office Cognitive Jim Spohrer, Director, Understanding Cognitive Systems DRAFT v5: September 7, 2016 Note: This presentation has a companion whitepaper, available on request. 9/7/2016 Future of AI 1
- 2. Request: White House OSTP • The White House Office of Science and Technology Policy is particularly interested in responses related to the following topics: • (1) the legal and governance implications of AI; • (2) the use of AI for public good; • (3) the safety and control issues for AI; • (4) the social and economic implications of AI; • (5) the most pressing, fundamental questions in AI research, common to most or all scientific fields; • (6) the most important research gaps in AI that must be addressed to advance this field and benefit the public; • (7) the scientific and technical training that will be needed to take advantage of harnessing the potential of AI technology; • (8) the specific steps that could be taken by the federal government, research institutes, universities, and philanthropies to encourage multi- disciplinary AI research; and • (9) the use of open data sets to close fundamental research gaps; • (10) the role of incentives and prizes to accelerate public benefits; • (11) any additional information related to AI research or policymaking, not requested above, that you believe OSTP should consider. 9/7/2016 Future of AI 2
- 3. Response: IBM Chief Science Office Cognitive 9/7/2016 Future of AI 3
- 4. A. The Use of AI for the Public Good • Healthcare • Social Services • Education • Financial Services • Transportation • Public Safety • The Environment • Infrastructure 9/7/2016 Future of AI 4
- 5. B. Social and economic implications of AI • History: Technologies with broad potential across industries like AI increase: • Productivity • Earnings • Job growth • Adjustment: Social, learning, and decision making capabilities are key to acceptance of AI in society • Underserved: Potential to help underserved populations and improve their quality of life 9/7/2016 Future of AI 5
- 6. C. Education for harnessing AI technologies • Demand: High demand for AI, machine learning, data science and related courses; many MOOCs • Industry Platforms: Growing set of companies provide learners access to cognitive service capabilities in their clouds • Gap: Need curriculum for learners with no programming or advanced mathematics background 9/7/2016 Future of AI 6
- 7. D. Fundamental questions in AI research, and the most important research gaps • Machine learning and reasoning • Decision techniques • Domain-specific AI systems • Data assurance and trust • Radically efficient computing infrastructure 9/7/2016 Future of AI 7
- 8. E. Data sets that can accelerate AI research • Bottleneck: Develop and validate data sets that are: • Large and unbiased • Openly curated • Publically accessible • Domains: Novice to expert task performance is hard to get for all occupations and industries • Models: Incentives to share trained models that require lots of data and compute time to create 9/7/2016 Future of AI 8
- 9. F. Multi-disciplinary research • Disciplines: Breadth of disciplines to tackle issues: • Psychology and cognitive science, philosophy, design and art, public policy and management, law and regulations • Systems: Professional associations to tackle industry and system issues, including novice to expert progression on tasks • Socio-technical system design loop and smart service systems 9/7/2016 Future of AI 9
- 10. G. Role of incentives and prizes • Example: • IBM Watson AI XPrize ($5M) • Best AI system to empower teams of people to tackle the world’s grand challenges • TED 2020, finalists present • I-athlon • More objective scoring • Rational processes • Multiple dimensions of intelligence 9/7/2016 Future of AI 10
- 11. H. Safety and control issues for AI • Trust & Trustworthiness • Ethical & Social Norms • Algorithmic Transparency • Unexpected Interactions • Safeguards 9/7/2016 Future of AI 11
- 12. I. Legal and governance implications of AI • Responsible & inclusive dialogue • Elevate the dialogue • Algorithmic responsibility • Individual privacy • Jobs and workforce transformation • Safety • Learn beyond the headlines • Key: Focus on skills 9/7/2016 Future of AI 12
- 13. J. Other issues: Business models • Trusted platform • Training – Unbiased data • Algorithms - Transparency • Services - Open API Economy • Transactions – Blockchain • Applications – Ethically boosting creativity and productivity • Governance – Laws and regulations • Trust takes time • Steam engines – boiler explosions • Cognitive engines – headline hype 9/7/2016 Future of AI 13
- 14. Some reactions… • aitrends • Artificial Brilliance • Futurism • InformationWeek • Calburn: “IBM: AI Should Stand For ‘Augmented Intelligence’ • PYMNTS • TechCrunch • Coldewey: “The White House requested input on artificial intelligence, and IBM’s response is a great AI 101” 9/7/2016 Future of AI 14
- 15. White House OSTP Follow Up • The White House OSTP received 161 responses and created a 349 downloadable PDF with URL links • The White House Frontiers Conference is being planned as a follow up meeting • Date: October 13, 2016 • Place: Pittsburgh, PA USA 9/7/2016 Future of AI 15
- 16. Acknowledgements • Sam Adams • Guru Banavar • Rob High • Mark O’Riley • Francesca Rossi • Vijay Saraswat • Anna Sekaran • John R Smith • Jim Spohrer • Peter Williams 9/7/2016 Future of AI 16