ICS3211 lntelligent Interfaces
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This document provides an overview of the topics to be covered in Week 2 of an Intelligent Interfaces course. It discusses the need for intelligent interfaces and the difference between intelligent interfaces and interfaces for intelligent systems. It describes the components of intelligent interfaces and various theories of human information processing, including methods and models. Learning outcomes focus on describing intelligent interfaces, explaining the difference between intelligent interfaces and interfaces for intelligent systems, listing intelligent interface components, and comparing information processing theories.
![“Intelligent user interfaces specifically aim to
enhance the flexibility, usability, and power of human-
computer interaction for all users. In doing so, they
exploit knowledge of users, tasks, tools, and content,
as well as devices for supporting interaction within
differing contexts of use.”
[Maybury 2001]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ics3211lecture022020-201021140119/85/ICS3211-lntelligent-Interfaces-8-320.jpg)
ICS3211 lntelligent Interfaces
- 1. ICS3211 - Intelligent Interfaces II Combining design with technology for effective human- computer interaction Week 2 Department of AI, University of Malta, 2020
- 2. Theoretical Frameworks in HCI Week 2 overview: • Intelligent Interfaces - discussion point • Need for Intelligent interfaces • Difference between Intelligent Interfaces vs Interfaces for an intelligent system; • Components of Intelligent Interfaces • Human Information Processing - methods & models;
- 3. Learning Outcomes At the end of this session you should be able to: • Describe and recognise intelligent interfaces; • Explain the difference between an intelligent interface and an interface for an intelligent system; • List the components for Intelligent Interfaces • Compare different theories and their applications to the field of HCI; • Compare different information processing methods and models;
- 4. Discussion Point • Why do we need intelligent interfaces? • What can an interface be intelligent about? • Think of an intelligent interface; discuss with 2/3 other class members why it falls under the category of intelligent interfaces
- 5. Intelligent Interfaces • What are they? • Intelligent interfaces have two components: ✴ ArtificiaI Intelligence (AI) ✴ Computer Human Interaction (CHI) • Not every intelligent program/system has an intelligent interface. Why?
- 7. A normal user interface is defined as a method of communication between a human user and a machine. If we extend this definition, we can say that an intelligent user interface uses some kind of intelligent technology to achieve this human-machine communication. In other words, IUIs are interfaces with the ability to adapt to the user, communicate with the user, and solve problems for the user.
- 8. “Intelligent user interfaces specifically aim to enhance the flexibility, usability, and power of human- computer interaction for all users. In doing so, they exploit knowledge of users, tasks, tools, and content, as well as devices for supporting interaction within differing contexts of use.” [Maybury 2001]
- 9. • Why do we need an intelligent interface? • Interfaces can get too complex • Interfaces can get too inflexible • Interfaces don’t change when our needs change • Interfaces don’t work with each other
- 10. • What makes an interface intelligent? • Adapts to different user needs • Learns new concepts and techniques • Anticipates users’ needs • Takes initiative and makes suggestions to user • Justifies actions taken
- 11. Difference between an Intelligent System and an Intelligent Interface
- 12. • How can user interfaces engage users to act more intelligently? • What empirical knowledge regarding the presentation of information can be applied in the design of user interfaces and dialog models? • How will users perceive and accept the evolving ability of computers to perform surrogate tasks correctly? • What are current and future potential models of interactive computing? • How useful are sophisticated reasoning and knowledge- base technologies in UI design?
- 13. Components of Intelligent Interfaces • The User Model • Multimodal Communication • Plan recognition • Dynamic Presentation • Natural Language • Intelligent Help • Interface Adaptability
- 14. Discussion Point • Understanding the problem space. Think of an industry working on developing smart models. • Work in groups and answer the following questions: • Identify the product/technology they can work with; • Can you identify any problems that may relate to the user experience? • How do you think any changes in design may affect the new user experience?
- 15. User Model • Information which best describes the user, and which is used to determine how the data is presented; • Best used when: • system seeks to adapt behaviour to users; • class of users is diverse
- 16. • Uses of user models: • getting input from user; • providing help & advice; • understanding user’s information seeking behaviour; • providing output to user; • deciding what to say & how to say it;
- 17. Multimodal Communication • Uses of various methods of communication with an interface • Two purposes: • enables users to use system more intuitively; • gives users more freedom;
- 18. Plan Recognition • Deduces what user plans to do; • Takes into consideration: • system knowledge • user model; • user’s actions;
- 19. Dynamic Presentation • Different people view data in different ways; • System decides to display data based on user models; • Intelligent data displays from data entered in system
- 20. Natural Language • High degree of freedom on the user’s part; • Adds more intuitiveness to a system; • Makes system less cumbersome;
- 21. Intelligent Help • Help that is presented to the user, just in time; • System recognises that the user is facing a problem and suggests ways in which s/he can solve the problem
- 22. Interface Adaptability • System may adapt to user preferences without the user having to specify; • Interface may adapt depending on user models • Step towards response planning
- 23. HCI Theories Early theories & Models • GOMS Model • Goals • Operations • Methods • Selection Rules
- 24. Theories that span 3 major eras • Theories that view human-computer interaction as information processing; • Theories that view interaction as the initiative of agents pursuing projects; • Theories that view interaction as socially and materially embedded in rich contexts;
- 25. Information Processing: methods & models • HIP approach tied to cognitive psychology, human factors, and human engineering; • Empirical studies evaluate the information processing requirements of various tasks in which humans use computers; • Computation models are developed with the intent to characterize human information processing when interacting with computers and to predict human performance with alternative interfaces;
- 26. Information Processing Methods • Signal detection methods and theory • Chronometric methods • Speed-accuracy methods • Psychophysiological methods
- 27. Information Processing Models • Discrete vs. continuous: • representation; • transformation; • transmission;
- 28. Information Processing Stages for choice reaction tasks where each stimulus is assigned to a unique response
- 29. Information Processing in Choice-Reaction Tasks • Stimulus Identification: • preprocessing; • feature extraction; • identification; • Response Selection; • Response Execution: • motor programming; • motor adjustment;
- 30. Attention Models • The Filter Theory; • The Filter Attenuation Theory; • Load Theory; • Unitary Resource Model; • Multiple Resource Model; • Feature Integration Theory; • Response Selection Bottleneck Theory;
- 31. –Jef Raskin “As far as the customer is concerned, the interface is the product.”