There are five key music video conventions according to Andrew Goodwin: 1) Demonstrating typical genre characteristics 2) Focusing on looking and the female body 3) Relating the lyric/music to the video 4) Including close ups of the artist with a consistent visual style 5) Including intertextual references. For singer-songwriter music videos specifically, they often feature live performance elements, a focus on musical instruments, neutral colors to focus on the story/lyrics, and themes of nature or urban life. Ben Howard's videos and album covers in particular make prominent use of nature and emphasize mise-en-scene over performance, unlike many singer-songwriters. Magazine ads for singer-songwriters tend to be