Impressive smart card based electronic voting system

IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar-2015, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 284
IMPRESSIVE SMART CARD BASED ELECTRONIC VOTING SYSTEM
G.Keerthana1
, P.Priyanka2
, K.Alise Jenifer3
, R.Rajadharashini4
, Aruna Devi.P5
1
ECE, Sasurie College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu
2
3
4
5
Assistent Professor/ECE, Sasurie College of Engineering, Tamil Nadu
Abstract
The impressive smart card based electronic voting system is introduced to ensure apposite voting procedures and voting counts.
This idea prevents the illegal acts against the voting system and provides the voter authentication in an effective manner. This
proposal plans to provide a fortification for each and every votes. It entirely changes the status of the election process and
ensures the integrity of electoral system. The primary idea of this paper is to make the voters as to have a trust in election through
the methods of taking fingerprint and providing a smart card to each user to promise their uniqueness in the voting system and
reduces the work of election committee. At the same time the result of the election process will be automatically declared to the
public. With the help of this method, the person can vote from any election booth easily.
Keywords- Electronic voting system, authentication, biometric fingerprinting method, smart card
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1. INTRODUCTION
E-voting has been a very controversial topic ever since the
presidential elections in the U.S. in 2000.Many security
flaws were found. The standards for the implementation of
e-voting systems were shown to be too weak and many
(scientific) experts expressed their negative opinions on e-
voting.
Nevertheless, efforts are still made to introduce e-voting in
countries that use traditional paper ballots. E-voting is an
election method in which the votes are cast or collected
electronically. A computer system whose main element is
an software component that maps the voting procedure
electronically is called an e-voting system.
A direct recording electronic (DRE) machine is a special
case of such a system as it implements all steps in the
voting process, from start to declaration of results. There
are two different forms of voting: distance and presence
voting. In present, the person can cast in the election booth
under the direction of the election's organization.
The present voting are conventional elections in polling
stations or voting with e-voting machines. In distance
voting, the voter acts without the supervision of the
electoral commission and they can poll their votes from a
place other than a polling booth, such as casting absentee
ballots via mail or internet voting.
The finger print sensor gets the finger print of the voters
and it passes it to the computer. In computer the finger print
image is compared with the image in database. If it
matches, the computer informs the command the person is
valid to the micro controller and displayed. If anyone try to
poll their vote beyond the time limit, system will be
blocked.
It reduces the time in both casting a vote and declaring the
results compared to the old paper ballot system. However,
they have been under the suspicion over their alleged
tamping arability and security problems during elections
(especially after the 2009). After reign of Delhi High Court
,and other courts and demands from various political issues
,the Election Commission determined to introduce
electronic voting with Voter-verified paper audit trail
(VVPAT) system. The Voter-verified paper audit trail
system is introduced in 8 of 543 parliamentary
constituencies as a pilot project.
2. OVERVIEW OF ELECTRONIC VOTING
SYSTEM
2.1 Electronic Voting Machine
Electronic voting machine is a device that has the
programmed to conduct a campaign of election in a fair and
quick a manner. The idea of electronic voting machines
(EVM) started by the chief election commissioner in 1977.
This was a technical development of the Electronics
Corporation of India Limited (ECIR), Hyderabad and with
Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL), Bangalore. The full
control of the machine is with the presiding officer or the
chief polling officer of the area as the control unit while the
other unit called balloting unit is placed inside the
compartment. Electronic Voting Machine (EVM) retains all
the characteristics of voting by papers, while making
polling a lot more convenient and absolutely consistent.
And, also it, helps maintain total voting privacy without the
use of ballot papers.
An Electronic Voting Machine consists of two Units – a
Control Unit and a Balloting Unit – joined by a five-meter
cable. The balloting unit enables the voters to provide their
votes. Each balloting unit can accommodate more than 10

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candidates. Such units can be connected to a single control
unit. EVMs are powered by an ordinary 6 volt alkaline
battery. This design helps the use of EVMs throughout the
country without interruptions because several parts of India
do not have power supply and/or erratic power supply.
Due to the low voltage, there is absolutely no risk of any
voter getting a shock. presently, it can record a maximum
of nearly 4000 votes, which is equally for a election booth
as they typically have no more than 1400 voters assigned.
At present, an EVM can furnish to a maximum of
candidates. There is specialty for sixteen candidates in a
polling Unit. If the total number exceeds, a second Unit can
be linked equivalent to the first Balloting Unit and so on till
a maximum of 4 units. The conventional method of polling
is used if the number of candidates exceeds 64.
Fig 1: Electronic Voting Machine
In this paper it is not possible to vote more than once by
pressing the button repeatedly. Suddenly a particular button
on the Balloting Unit is pressed, the vote is recorded for
that correct candidate and the machine gets sheltered. Even
if the button is pressed again or any other button, no vote
will be polled. This manner the machine gives the principle
of "one person, one vote". Simple to operate and can be
made in a short time, Preserves voting concealment. No
scope for false votes. Helps in fast and perfect vote counts
– possible to declare results on spot. Recycled by simply
erasing votes recorded in.
2.2 Voter Identification Card
In August, 1993, the Election Commission of India ordered
the making of photo identity cards for all voters of the
country in an attempt to improve the accuracy of the
electoral rolls and prevent electoral fraud. To take
advantage of the latest technical inventions, the
Commission provided guidelines for the Electors Photo
Identity Card (EPIC) Program. More than million identity
cards have been supplied across India till now.
The voter ID card or EPIC is an identification card issued
by the Election Commission to all eligible voters (Indian
citizens who are above 18 years of age) to enable voter
identification on the Day of election. Those who are in the
voter's list are eligible to receive an Identification card.
These carry personal details and a distinct serial
identification number.
The EPIC proves to be a unique identity document for all
Indians. It also acts as an identity proof for getting other
provisions also. In fact today, almost all government
organizations, they ask for a voter id number. A voter ID
card is also essential for listing in the electoral roll in case a
person migrates to a place other than the place of his/her
domicile.
To get a voter ID card or EPIC, first of all you have to get
registered as a voter by filling and submitting the form
6/8/8A to the electoral Register officer (ERO) and then
submit the form 001A to apply for a voter individuality
Card. If the persons are previously registered i.e. your
details are already in the collective database, you can
suggest the Form to the ERO.
Fig 2: Voter Identification Cards
The technique in this paper replaces the voter id card with
the RFID card such that the manual checking of the voter id
card is reduced hence the time gets reduced.
3. TECHNIQUES OF PROPOSING SYSTEM
Electronic voting (also known as e-voting) is a term
encompassing several different types of voting, embracing
both electronic means of casting a vote and electronic
means of counting votes.
It can also involve transmission of ballots and votes by way
of telephones, secretive computer networks. The idea of
providing smart card like swipe card to each people in the
constitution area and implementing the system access on
the basis of biometric finger printing method

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3.1 Procedure in the Proposed Voting System
16F877A
The procedure in the working of Impressive smart card
based election voting system is understood from the block
diagram as below.
The block diagram consisting of following blocks,
 EEPROM
 FINGER PRINT MODULE
 KEYBOARD
 BUZZER
 LCD DISPLAY
 RFID MODULE WITH RFID CARD
 PIC MICROCONTROLLER (16F877A)
This paper has the above module which is the combined
method of RFID and the Fingerprint interface which is the
main idea in providing security to the system. Using this
combined process the malpractice with irrelevant materials
is avoided.
Fig 3 Block Diagram
The procedure in this paper is to implement the voting
procedure is followed by checking the voter ID card prior
to the main electoral process and then only the person is
allowed to move inside the polling booth. This verification
is done by the officers inside the polling area and hence this
ids manual. There the smart card which the person has is
swiped and then his fingerprint is placed in the module kept
nearby.
Finally if both the smart id number and the fingerprint
impressed matches with the database the person can cast
their vote for the candidate they specify. The lists of the
parties in that constitution who are competing are displayed
in the screen. From that the person can choose the
candidate and then can vote.
The interface of the pic microcontroller and the RFID
module is done by the MICRO C tool which controlls the
reading and operation of the RFID portion. The databases
of the voting candidates are done and stored in the VB.NET
programming with the MS ACCESS specializations.the
registration of the candidates, the start and end of voting
process is done by the official person and it is done in the
server system. This is protected by the password which is
confidential. Only the voting client system is placed inside
the voting compartment and controlled by the server.
The highest RFID range can be achieved by,
 The power available within the RFID tag is to
respond
 The power available within the reader to
communicate
 The environmental conditions and structures are
significant to SNR (signal to noise ratio)
In an RFID system the transponder that contains the data to
be transmitted is known as RF tag. These are either active
or passive.
The pin functions of RFID are denoted in the table below,
Table 1 RFID Pin specification
1 VCC 5V
2 GN GND
3 BEE BEEP AND LED
4 ANT NO USE
5 ANT NO USE
6 SEL HIGH IS RS232,LOW IS
WEIGNAND
7 RS232 RS232
8 D1 WEIGNAND DATA1
9 D0 WEIGNAND DATA0
It is a short range communication technology. This term
(RFID) is used to indicate various technologies which use
radio frequency waves used to customarily sort out people
or objects. This technology is similar to the bar code
identification systems but the only difference is that RFID
does not rely on the line-of-sight reading.
Fig 4 RFID Reader module

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The electromagnetic or the electrostatic coupling in the RF
portion of the electromagnetic spectrum is used to transmit
signals. This system consist of an antenna and a transceiver,
which read the RF and transfer the information to the
device(reader) and a transponder or RF tag, which contains
the RF circuitry and information to be transmitted.
.
It transmits information to the reader that converts the radio
waves reflected back from the RFID tag into digital
information and it can be passed onto the computer to
examine the data. It also consists of databases, readers and
networks. It is also used in some hospitals to track patient’s
location, and to provide real time tracking of the location of
doctors and nurses in the hospital. It is a frontrunner
technology in future for automatic identification.
3.2 Fingerprint Module
A Fingerprint is an impression of the friction ridges of all
or any part of finger. The method of fingerprinting is a type
of biometric recognition mainly used for identifying the
applications of internet. This method is leading one of low
cost and unique, can’t be changed easily and the stealing
and losses are not possible.
Fig 5 Fingerprint
Fingerprinting is a mean of hardware intellectual property
protection (IP) focus on low design effort and less attention
on the integration of IP. The authorship is detected through
different data of fingerprints without continuous separation
of IP owner’s signature in the instant of fingerprinting. The
fingerprinting challenges considerate IP voter marking and
creditability of low design overheads and transparency of
flow specifications.
This paper gives the pattern of fingerprint matching and its
accuracy in identification procedures compared to other
authentication processes. The uniqueness is main thing that
even the identical twin doesn’t have the same pattern of
fingerprint. The fingerprinting is now a day’s taken for all
fingers in a hand for the sake of occupational workers who
have a lot of works which are manual, prone to get injuries
in hands (e.g. cuts and bruises).
Modern fingerprint methodology, aided by central
processing unit and laser machinery, these methods can
speed the process of matching, and it gives an mammoth
comparative specimens with database. The method of
digital fingerprint reading and its techniques are explained
above
Fig 6 Digital reading of fingerprint
Fig 7 Digital scanning of fingerprint
4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
The performance of the system is based on the database
which we are going to implement in the version of
VISUAL BASIC (VB.NET) and the related accessing
methods using PIC microcontroller and other modules in
the system. The security of the information and the voting
procedures are made secure such that there will be rigging
free election process.

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5. CONCULSION
This paper focuses on the voting technologies that provides
assurance to the people who really have right to vote in
their constitution and ensures secured riggless voting using
the methods of fingerprinting and the uniqueness in the
voting procedures are promised by on spot declaration of
results of that election.
REFERENCES
[1]. Schurmann, C.; IT Univ. of Copenhagen, Copenhagen,
Denmark . ―Electronic Elections: Trust Through
Engineering‖, First international workshop Requirements
Engineering for e-Voting Systems (RE-VOTE), 2009.
[2]. Lin Hong. "Automatic Personal Identification Using
Fingerprints", Ph.D. Thesis, 1998.
[3]. D. Maltoni, D. Maio, A. K. Jain, and S. Prabhakar,
Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition. New York:
Springer-Verlag, 2003.
[4]. Anil K. Jain and David maltoni. , Handbook of
Fingerprint Recognition, Springer-verlag New York, Inc.,
Secaucus, NJ, USA, 2003.
[5]. Tadayoshikohno_ Adamstubblefield Avield
Rubidans.Wallach ―Analysis of an Electronic Voting
system‖, IEEE symposium on Security and Privacy 2004.
[6]. Y. A. Zuev and S. Ivanon, ―The voting as a way to
increase the decision reliability,‖ in Proc. Foundations of
Information/Decision Fusion with Applications to
Engineering Problems,Washington, DC, Aug. 1996,
pp.206–210.
[7]. Davide Maltoni, Anil K.Jain, Dario Maio, S.Prabhak,
Handbook of fingerprint Recognition 2nd
Ed, London ,
British : SpringerVerlag, 2009.
[8]. Dhruv Batra, Girish Sanghal, “Gabor Filter based
Fingerprint Classification using Support Vector Machines”
in proc. IEEE India annual conference, 2004, p. 256.

Impressive smart card based electronic voting system

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