Smart card based electronic passport system

Smart Card Based
Electronic Passport
System

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Smart Card Based Electronic
Passport System
Introduction
 To access details of a passport holder through Smart card technology. For
this purpose, the authorized person is provided with a Smart card. This card
contains an integrated circuit that is used for storing, processing information
through modulating and demodulating of the radio frequency signal that is
being transmitted by the reader.

Block Diagram
Passport System

Hardware Requirements
 Arduino develop board
 RFID Reader
 RFID tags
 LCD
 Resistors
 Capacitors
 Diodes
 Transformer
 Voltage Regulator
 Crystal
 and LED.
Passport System

Software Requirements
 Arduino software
 Language: Arduino programming language
Passport System

What Smart Card?
 A Smart card is a plastic card about the size of a credit card.
 With an embedded microchip that can be loaded with data.
 Used for telephone calling, cash payments , and other applications,
and then periodically refreshed for additional use.
Passport System

How Does It Work?
 Smart Card inserted into Card Acceptor Device (CAD), card reader
 Communicated with CAD through half duplex serial lines with a data
rate of up to 9600 bits per second
 Commands follow standard ISO 7816 specifications
 Smart Card can get information from host computer, provide
identification, do encryptions/decryption , etc.
Passport System

Smart Card Readers
 Computer based readers
• Connect through USB or COM
(Serial) ports
Passport System
 Dedicated terminals
• Usually with a small screen, keypad, printer,
often also have biometric devices such as
thumb print scanner.

Terminal/PC Card Interaction
 The terminal/PC sends commands to the card (through the serial line).
 The card executes the command and sends back the reply.
 The terminal/PC cannot directly access memory of the card
 Data in the card is protected from unauthorized access.
 This is what makes the card smart.
Passport System

Fields of Smart Card Usage
Health Applications
 For example in Germany health insurance companies will issue
an electronic health card
 Cards for the health professionals
Electronic passport (ePass, ICAO-specifications)
 No need to say that BSI is active in this field…
Passport System

eGovernment / eCard
 Goal: to fit as many applications as possible onto one card in
order to avoid multiple cards for every citizen
 BSI is very active to promote this concept in Germany
 Social insurance also related to this
Passport System

Digital Signatures
 As you know CC evaluation is required here by law in Germany
and other countries
Digital Tachographs
 Smart cards will be used in trucks in Europe instead of paper
disks in order to store driving times and similar data
 Access Control in companies and organizations
 Public Transport
Passport System

Physical Structure & Life Cycle
 Physical structure specified by ISO Standard 7810, 7816
 Printed circuit provides five connection points for power and data
 Capability of Smart Card defined by IC chip
 Microprocessor
 ROM
 RAM
 EEPROM
Passport System

RFID Privacy and Smartcard Privacy
 Transponder (RFID-Tag, RFID-Label)
 Antenna
 Integration in Information Systems (i.e. Server, Services, Back Office
…Example: inventory control system)
Passport System
RFID = Radio Frequency Identification

RFID
RFID has 3 identity types
ID linked to Person:
 direct identification: personal data on chip (biometrics)
 personal data in database (employee badge)
ID linked to Service:
 In combination with person ID (banking, season cards)
 Anonymous (one time public transportation paper tickets)
Passport System

RFID
ID linked to Object / Product:
 Product information in database (retail products, library books)
 Direct identification (car keys)
 Combining Object/Product ID with Individual is additional step,
covered by existing privacy principles
Passport System

Privacy-enhancing solutions for
RFID
System-solutions
 Encryption
 Tag/Reader Authentication
 Range reduction
 Antenna size/design
Passport System

Privacy-enhancing solutions for
RFID
Consumer-in-Control Solutions
 “Kill-switch”
 Removable tags
 Blocker tags
 Shielding
 User interface (NFC-device)
Passport System

RFID tags
ICC Principles of Fair RFID use
 RFID-use should be legal, honest, decent
• No personal data stored in RFID-tag
 Consumer information and choice
• Labeling
• How to remove / disable tags
Passport System

RFID tags
ICC Principles of Fair RFID use
 Privacy statement including RFID/EPC use
• What data is collected via RFID
• Purposes of collection/use
• Data disclosures (if any)
 Data security
 Individual’s right of access to data in RFID-enabled IT-system
Passport System

Applications of RFID System
 Logistics Chains
 Enterprise Resource Planning Systems
 Inventory Control
Passport System

Applications of RFID System
Some Benefits
 Reducing the sources of errors(for instance reduction of inventory
inaccuracies)
 Minimizing out of stocks
 Reduction of labor costs
 Simplification of business processes
Passport System

16X2 LCD
 Most common LCDs connected to the microcontrollers are 16x2 and
20x2 displays.
 This means 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line
by 2 lines, respectively.
 The standard is referred to as HD44780U, which refers to the controller
chip which receives data from an external source (and communicates
directly with the LCD.
Passport System

 If an 8-bit data bus is used the LCD will require 11 data lines (3 control lines
plus the 8 lines for the data bus).
 The three control lines are referred to as EN, RS, and RW.
 EN=Enable (used to tell the LCD that you are sending it data).
 RS=Register Select (When RS is low (0), data is treated as a command)
(When RS is High(1), data being sent is text data ).
 R/W=Read/Write (When RW is low (0), the data written to the LCD)
(When RW is low (0), the data reading to the LCD).
LCD Background
Passport System

LCD Diagram
Passport System

Working Principal
 The authorized person is provided with a Smart card.
 This card contains an integrated circuit that is used for storing,
processing information through modulating
 Demodulating of the radio frequency signal that is being
transmitted by the reader.
 Thus, the data stored in this card is referred to as passport details
of the person.
Passport System

Working Principal
 Passport verification and checking is a very time consuming
process.
 This proposed system simplifies the process by giving the
authorized person
 A smart card containing all the passport details like name, passport
number and nationality, etc.
 Once, the person places the card into the card reader, it reads the
data and verifies it with the data present in the system and, if it
matches, then it displays the details of the passport holder.
Passport System

Working Principal
 This project utilizes a microcontroller from the 8051 family.
 For display, a 16X2 LCD is used. The status also can be retrieved
from this system by pressing the status button interfaced to a
microcontroller.
 Furthermore, the project can be enhanced by using finger printer
module.
 This overcomes the drawbacks of smart card and provides high level
of security to the system.
Passport System

Applications
Authentication
 PKI authentication
 OTP authentication
 Secret keys
Digital Signature
 PKI authentication, OTP authentication, Secret keys
Passport System

Applications
Online Card Content Management
 Lazy activation
 PKI certificate renewal
Passport System

Conclusion
Passport System
 Smart Card Based Electronic Passport System was designed and
implemented to avoid forgery and security purpose. the project can be
enhanced by using finger printer module. This overcomes the
drawbacks of smart card and provides high level of security to the
system.

Smart card based electronic passport system

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Smart card based electronic passport system