Information Systems for management
Download as PPTX, PDF2 likes3,158 views
This document summarizes AP Shareef's lecture on IT for managers. It discusses different types of software including system software like operating systems. It describes operating systems like Windows, Linux, Mac OS and MS-DOS. It also discusses general purpose software, application software, databases and management information systems. The key topics covered include functions of operating systems, versions of Windows OS, types of databases and how management information systems process transaction data.
Information Systems for management
- 1. IT FOR MANAGERS AP Shareef MBA, M.Com, NET Asst. Professor in Management, Markaz Law College
- 2. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Software
- 3. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS SOFTWARE A set of computer instructions is called a program. A set of computer programs is called a software. It is a collection of programs which increase the capabilities of computer hardware. The process of developing software is known as programming. Software is intangible Software is the soul of computer It activates the dead machines.
- 4. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 5. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS System software Computer software designed to operate the computer hardware and to provide a platform for running application software is what is system software. It controls the entire computer program. System software helps use the operating system and computer system. It controls all operations Moves data into and out the computer It is essential for
- 6. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Operatingsystem An operating system is a program designed to run other programs on a computer. It is that part of a system software which acts as an interface between hardware and end user. Operating system is considered to be the back bone of a computer, managing both hardware and software.
- 7. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Basic functions of an operating system Schedule jobs Manage hardware and software resources Maintain system security Enable multiple user resource sharing Handle interrupts Maintain usage records
- 8. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Types of Operating system Single tasking: It allows only one program to run at a time. One program has to close for opening another program. Multi tasking: It enables a single user to have two or more applications open at the same time.
- 9. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS MS DOS: MS Disk Operating System Non graphical command line OS Released in 1981 and last updated in 1994 User is required to type commands instead of using a mouse.
- 10. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Micro Soft Windows GUI No commands Simple and user friendly Multi tasking features
- 11. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 12. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Windows versions Windows 1995 Developed for home and professional users Network ready OS Windows NT Known as New Technology A stable multitasking environment Enhanced security features Increased memory Network utilities Portability
- 13. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Windows 2000 It is used on personal computers, business desktops, laptops and servers Windows ME was designed for home use while 2000 for business purpose Windows XP It was released in 2001 Home and Professional variants Features Faster start up User friendly interface Fast user switching Clear Type font rendering mechanism Remote desktop functionality
- 14. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Windows vista Released in the year 2007 Comes with many technical changes Updated GUI Visual style dubbed aero Redesigned search function Multimedia tools (Windows DVD Maker) Redesigned networking, audio, print, and display subsystems
- 15. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 16. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Windows 7.0 It is designed for Home & Business desktops Personal computers Laptops Notebooks Tablet PCs Media centre PCs It was more focused on applications and hardware It excluded Windows calendar, Windows Mail, Windows Movie Maker and Windows Photo Gallery. These are offered in Windows live Essentials Suite.
- 17. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS UNIX OS Unix OS is a computer OS developed in 1969 by a group of American Telephone & Telegraph Company employees at labs Featured with client server model Unix is generally seen as an OS on workstations or a network server It allows multiple processors going at once Unix philosophy Use of plain text for storing data Hierarchical file system Use of large number of software tools
- 18. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS MAC OS GUI Developed by Apple Inc. First introduced in the year 1984
- 19. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Classic Mac OS Completely graphical OS Ease of use Cooperative multitasking Mac OS X Server edition Runs on Apple’s line of Macintosh server hardware Includes work group management and administration tools for key network services
- 20. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Linux OS It is a UNIX-Like operating system Modifiable codes Used on devices from supercomputers to wrist watches Widely adopted for servers and embedded systems
- 21. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Other system software Device drivers: These are small files that act as an interface between hardware and the operating system in a computer. Hardware requires device drivers so that the OS can see the device and handle them properly.
- 22. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Utility programs or Service programs.: these are system programs for performing general system support tasks. Following tasks are performed by utility programs. Sorting and storing the data Checking or scanning the data for security Making a copy of all information Deleting, renaming, moving, copying, merging, generating and modifying data sets. Providing encryption. Etc.
- 23. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS • Compilers: High level language Machine level codes (translation is done at once before the program is executed) • Interpreters: High level language Machine level codes (translation is done line by line) • Assemblers: Assembly language Machine level codes Language translators:
- 24. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS General purpose software This software provides the framework for a great number of business, scientific, and personal applications. Word processors: It is a document preparation system. E.g. MS Word, Polaris Word Spreadsheet program: Commonly known as pay roll application. Lotus, MS Excel, Polaris Spreadsheet DBMS: MS Access, Oracle CAD and CAM Programs: Auto CAD, Revit Etc. Internet Browser: Opera, Netscape Navigator, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome E-Mail Software: Hotmail, Yahoo mail, Gmail, Rediffmail.
- 25. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Application software Software which is used for applications specifically designed for users to fit their needs ERP: The system to integrate all data and processes of an organization into a single unified system. Tally Peachtree QuickBooks SAP Decision Support System: Cost accounting system Capital Budgeting system General Decision Support System
- 26. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Artificial Intelligence System : E.g. Robotics Expert Systems: Used for complex and ill structured tasks. It helps non experts to make decisions comparable to those of an expert.
- 27. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS DBMS
- 28. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Types of databases Operational databases: They store detailed data needed to support operations of the entire organization. They are called as Subject Area Databases (SADB), Transaction Database, Inventory Database and Production Database. E.g. Customer Database, Personnel Database. Management database: They store data and information extracted from selected operational and external database. It consists of summarized data and information needed by the organization’s managers and other end users.
- 29. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Information Warehouse database: An information warehouse stores data from current and previous years. This is usually data taken from the various operational and management databases of an organization. External database: For some databases, there is option to connect with external privately owned online databases. Its for smooth commercial information services.
- 30. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Text databases: A full-text database is a database that is comprised of several books, articles, journals, magazines, newspapers and other textual documents but does not include graphical documents such as drawings, diagrams or pictures. Each of the referenced documents can be viewed, printed or downloaded online. Image databases: Wide variety of images can be stored electronically in image databases. Even electronic encyclopaedia are available on CD ROM disks which store thousands of photographs of text. Image data processing is the use of image database in business organizations
- 31. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Management Information System
- 32. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS What is an information system An information system can be defined as a set of interrelated components that collect, process, store and distribute information to support decision making and control in an organization. In addition to the above, information systems help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products.
- 33. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 34. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Types of information systems Transaction processing systems. TPS is an information system that keep track of the elementary activities and transactions of the organization, such as sales, receipts, cash deposits, payroll, credit decisions, and the flow of materials in a factory. It is a computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business
- 35. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 36. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Management information systems MIS provide middle managers with reports on the organization’s current performance. This information is used to monitor and control the business and predict future performance. It uses data supplied by TPS and compresses them into reports. The picture depicts how MIS transforms transaction level data from inventory, production, and accounting into MIS files that ate used to provide managers with reports.
- 37. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 38. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Decision Support Systems DSS focuses on problems that are unique and rapidly changing, for which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance. It takes information from TPS and MIS. But often bring in information from external sources, such as the current stock prices or product prices of competitors These systems are employed by “super-user” managers and business analysts who want to use sophisticated analytics and model to analyze data.
- 39. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 40. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Executive Support System (ESS) ESS addresses the decision making needs of senior management. It supports strategic issues and long term trends. ESS present graphs and information from many sources through an interface that is easy for senior management. It is designed to incorporate data about external events, such as tax laws or competitors, but they draw summerized information from internal MIS and DSS.
- 41. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 42. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Enterprise Resource Planning Systems These integrate business processes in manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and human resources into a single software system . For example, when a customer places an order, the data automatically go to the other parts which are affected by it. The transaction gives information to the warehouse to pick the products and arrange for shipment. The warehouse informs the factory to replenish what has been reduced. Accounting department takes steps to send customer an invoice. Customer service executives observe the progress of the order.
- 43. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 44. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Supply Chain Management System This system help the business to manage relationship with suppliers. Suppliers, purchasing firms, distributing men and logistics companies benefit by this system. It shares information on orders, production, inventory levels and delivery of goods and services so that the above groups can get efficient services. It is an inter-organizational system because they automate the flow of information across organizational boundaries.
- 45. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 46. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Customer Relationship Management System CRMS helps the management to keep effective relationship with its customers. It provides information to coordinate the sales and marketing activities in such a way as to create delighted customers. The most profitable customers can be retained by this system.
- 47. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 48. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Knowledge Management Systems. These enable an organization to better manage process for capturing and applying knowledge and experience in the firm, and make it available wherever and whenever it is needed to improve business and management decisions. They link the firm to external sources of knowledge. This firm knowledge is unique, difficult to imitate and can be leveraged into long term strategic benefits.
- 49. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS
- 50. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Computerized Accounting Package It is a package designed for accounting with the use of computers for recording, reporting and analysing the financial data of a business. These are software programs that are stored on a company’s computer, network server, or remotely and accessed via the internet. A business can customize the software to suite the particular needs.
- 51. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Salient features of Computerized Accounting Package. Fast, Powerful and integrated. Complete visibility. Enhanced user experience Accuracy. Improves the business performance Quick decision making Complete reliability.
- 52. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS Financial Information System It consists of the people, records, and methods used to gather financial information about business events, record it, process it into a useful form, and communicate the information to end users and decision makers in planning, forecasting and controlling. It works with many subsystems such as budget, final accounts, costing, inventory, receivables etc
- 53. AP SHAREEF’S LECTURE ON IT FOR MANAGERS