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Inside Android 
An Introduction to Android Internals 
Anjana Somathilake (!makewita)
Why Internals?
Android Internals? 
A real driver knows exactly what's in his car.
Bit of History 
Sidekick smart phone by Danger Inc in 2002 - Google was the default search engine 
Andy Rubin founded Android Inc. in October 2003 - Open OS for phone manufacturers 
Google acquired Android Inc. in August 2005 
Open Handset Alliance (OHA) was formed in November 2007 
Google Android 1.0 (Alpha) is released in September 2008 
"I don't understand the impact they are going to have.” ~Scott Horn, then head of the Windows 
Mobile marketing team 
HTC Dream a.k.a HTC G1 released in October of 2008 - First device to compete with Apple’s iPhone
Versions 
Alpha (1.0) 
Beta (1.1) 
Cupcake (1.5) 
Donut (1.6) 
Eclair (2.0–2.1) 
Froyo (2.2–2.2.3) 
Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7) 
Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6) 
Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0–4.0.4) 
Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3.1) 
KitKat (4.4–4.4.4) 
Lollipop (5.0)
Ecosystem 
Semiconductor Manufacturers 
System-on-Chip (SoC) - ARM, TI, Qualcomm, Freescale, and Nvidia 
Device Manufacturers 
Motorola, Samsung, HTC, Sony, LG, Archos, Dell, and ASUS 
Applications, Services and Markets 
Google, Amazon, Verizon, Sprint and Barnes & Noble
Hardware and Compliance Requirements 
“In principle, Android should run on any hardware that runs Linux. 
Android has in fact been made to run on ARM, x86, MIPS, …”
Where is Android? 
More than just smartphones and tablets 
+ 
+ 
: # 
$ 
+ 
Automotive Home Entertainment Embedded 
Computing 
Wearables 
+ 
J
Android Open Source Project - (AOSP) 
Download: https://source.android.com/source/building.html 
“A 64-bit Linux or Mac system with 16GB of RAM/swap and >30GB of disk 
space to build the AOSP” 
Python 2.6 -- 2.7, [python.org] 
GNU Make 3.81 -- 3.82, [gnu.org] 
JDK 7 [openjdk.java.net] 
Git 1.7 [git-scm.com] 
Browse Code: https://android.googlesource.com/
Architecture 
Originals at: www.opersys.com/training/embedded-android
App Developer’s View 
Android Software Development Kit (SDK) - Java 
Native Development Kit (NDK) - C 
The infamous Angry Birds game is heavily built on the NDK 
Apps will be killed (randomly) by the system , developers must code accordingly
Inside Smart Phone 
Originals at: www.opersys.com/training/embedded-android
Inside SoC 
Originals at: www.opersys.com/training/embedded-android
Inside Android 
Originals at: www.opersys.com/training/embedded-android
Zygote
System Startup 
1.Bootloader 
2.Kernel 
3.Anroid Init 
4.Zygote & Dalvik 
5.System Server 
6.Activity Manager 
7.Launcher (Home)
System Startup 
Originals at: www.opersys.com/training/embedded-android
Further Reading 
Thank You!

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An Introduction to Android Internals

  • 1. Inside Android An Introduction to Android Internals Anjana Somathilake (!makewita)
  • 3. Android Internals? A real driver knows exactly what's in his car.
  • 4. Bit of History Sidekick smart phone by Danger Inc in 2002 - Google was the default search engine Andy Rubin founded Android Inc. in October 2003 - Open OS for phone manufacturers Google acquired Android Inc. in August 2005 Open Handset Alliance (OHA) was formed in November 2007 Google Android 1.0 (Alpha) is released in September 2008 "I don't understand the impact they are going to have.” ~Scott Horn, then head of the Windows Mobile marketing team HTC Dream a.k.a HTC G1 released in October of 2008 - First device to compete with Apple’s iPhone
  • 5. Versions Alpha (1.0) Beta (1.1) Cupcake (1.5) Donut (1.6) Eclair (2.0–2.1) Froyo (2.2–2.2.3) Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7) Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6) Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0–4.0.4) Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3.1) KitKat (4.4–4.4.4) Lollipop (5.0)
  • 6. Ecosystem Semiconductor Manufacturers System-on-Chip (SoC) - ARM, TI, Qualcomm, Freescale, and Nvidia Device Manufacturers Motorola, Samsung, HTC, Sony, LG, Archos, Dell, and ASUS Applications, Services and Markets Google, Amazon, Verizon, Sprint and Barnes & Noble
  • 7. Hardware and Compliance Requirements “In principle, Android should run on any hardware that runs Linux. Android has in fact been made to run on ARM, x86, MIPS, …”
  • 8. Where is Android? More than just smartphones and tablets + + : # $ + Automotive Home Entertainment Embedded Computing Wearables + J
  • 9. Android Open Source Project - (AOSP) Download: https://source.android.com/source/building.html “A 64-bit Linux or Mac system with 16GB of RAM/swap and >30GB of disk space to build the AOSP” Python 2.6 -- 2.7, [python.org] GNU Make 3.81 -- 3.82, [gnu.org] JDK 7 [openjdk.java.net] Git 1.7 [git-scm.com] Browse Code: https://android.googlesource.com/
  • 10. Architecture Originals at: www.opersys.com/training/embedded-android
  • 11. App Developer’s View Android Software Development Kit (SDK) - Java Native Development Kit (NDK) - C The infamous Angry Birds game is heavily built on the NDK Apps will be killed (randomly) by the system , developers must code accordingly
  • 12. Inside Smart Phone Originals at: www.opersys.com/training/embedded-android
  • 13. Inside SoC Originals at: www.opersys.com/training/embedded-android
  • 14. Inside Android Originals at: www.opersys.com/training/embedded-android
  • 16. System Startup 1.Bootloader 2.Kernel 3.Anroid Init 4.Zygote & Dalvik 5.System Server 6.Activity Manager 7.Launcher (Home)
  • 17. System Startup Originals at: www.opersys.com/training/embedded-android