Intro to networking
Download as PPT, PDF0 likes441 views
This document provides an introduction to networking, including definitions, types, and components. It defines a network as consisting of two or more connected entities that can share resources and communicate. Networks are used to share information and hardware/software, enhance communication, and enable centralized administration. There are several ways to classify networks, including by transmission media (wired vs wireless), size (LAN, MAN, WAN), management structure (peer-to-peer, client-server), and topology (bus, star, ring). The document discusses these classifications in detail and provides examples of each type of network.
Intro to networking
- 1. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 1 Introduction to Network
- 2. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 2 What is a Network? A network consists of 2 or more entities or objects (computers, Phones) connected together, and they can communicate and share resources (e.g. information)
- 3. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 3 Why Networking? / Need of Networks • To Share information — i.e. data communication • Do you prefer these? • Or this? To Enhance communication- i.e. Speed and quality
- 4. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 4 • Sharing hardware or software • To Facilitate Centralize administration and support • e.g. print document • e.g. Internet-based, so everyone can access the same administrative or support application from their PCs
- 5. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 5 How many kinds of Networks? •Depending on one’s perspective, we can classify networks in different ways: • Based on transmission media: Wired (UTP, coaxial cables, fiber-optic cables) and Wireless • Based on network size: LAN and WAN (and MAN) • Based on management method: Peer-to- peer and Client/Server • Based on topology (connectivity): Bus, Star, Ring …
- 6. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 6 •Two main categories: – Guided ― wires, cables –Unguided ― wireless transmission, e.g. radio, microwave, infrared, sound, sonar. Based on Transmission Media
- 7. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 7 Based on network size Local Area Network (LAN) • Small network, short distance • A room, a floor, a building • Limited by no. of computers and distance covered • Usually one kind of technology throughout the LAN • Serve a department within an organization Examples: • Network inside the Student Computer Room • Network inside your home
- 8. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 8 Local Area Network
- 9. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking Metropolitan area network (MAN) – A MAN spans the distance of a typical metropolitan city. – The cost of installation and operation is higher. – MANs use high-speed connections such as fiber optics to achieve higher speeds. Examples: Network of a company in a town, Cable T.V. Connection etc. Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar 9
- 10. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking Metropolitan area network Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar 10
- 11. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 11 • Wide Area Network (WAN) • A network that uses long-range telecommunication links to connect 2 or more LANs/computers housed in different places far apart. • States, countries • Examples: • Network of our state • Internet WAN Student Computer Centre Your home USA
- 12. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 12 •Example WAN technologies: •ISDN – Integrated Service Digital Network •T-Carriers ― Basically digital phone lines •ATM – Asynchronous Transfer Mode •SONET – Synchronous Optical Network
- 13. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking • Networks can also be classified according to the roles that the networked computers play in the network’s operation. • Peer-to-peer • server-based • Client-based Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar Classification by Component Roles
- 14. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking Peer-to-peer: In a peer-to-peer network, all computers are considered equal. Each computer controls its own information and is capable of functioning as either a client or a server depending upon the requirement. Peer-to-peer networks are inexpensive and easy to install. They are popular as home networks and for use in small organisations. Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar Classification by Component Roles
- 15. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking Peer-to-peer (continued): – Most operating systems come with built-in peer-to-peer networking capability. – The maximum number of peers that can operate on a peer-to-peer network is 10. – Each peer shares resources and allows others open access to them. Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar Classification by Component Roles
- 16. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking Peer-to-peer network Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar Classification by Component Roles
- 17. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking Server-based: – A server-based network offers centralized control and is designed for secure operations. – In a server-based network, a dedicated server controls the network. Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar Classification by Component Roles
- 18. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking Server-based (continued): – A dedicated server is one that services the network by storing data, applications, resources, and also provides access to resources required by the client. – These servers can also control the network’s security from one centralized location or share it with other specially configured servers. Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar Classification by Component Roles
- 19. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking Server-based network Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar Classification by Component Roles
- 20. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking Client-based: – Client-based network servers process requests from clients and return just the results. – These networks take advantage of the powerful processing capabilities of both the client and the server. – Application servers and communications servers are examples of client-based networks. Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar Classification by Component Roles
- 21. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking Client-based network Copyright©,Dec.2013Source:ICTbyProf.SureshKumar Classification by Component Roles
- 22. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 22 Topology ― 3 basic types • How so many computers are connected together? Bus Topology Ring Topology Star Topology Hub
- 23. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 23 • Bus Topology • Simple and low-cost • A single cable called a trunk (backbone, segment) • Only one computer can send messages at a time • Passive topology - computer only listen for, not regenerate data • Star Topology • Each computer has a cable connected to a single point • More cabling, hence higher cost • All signals transmission through the hub; if down, entire network down • Depending on the intelligence of hub, two or more computers may send message at the same time
- 24. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 24 How to construct a network with Bus / Star Topology? Star Topology Bus Topology BNC T-Connector Coaxial cable Network Card
- 25. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 25 • Ring Topology • Every computer serves as a repeater to boost signals • Typical way to send data: • Token passing • only the computer who gets the token can send data • Disadvantages • Difficult to add computers • More expensive • If one computer fails, whole network fails T T T dat a T dat a T dat a T dat a T dat a T dat a T Ack T Ack T Ack TAck T
- 26. ENG224 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY – Part II 5. Introduction to Networking 26 Thank U !