Intro to the universe and the solar system
- 1. THE UNIVERSE AND SOLAR SYSTEM Prepared by: Jan Camille Tongco S.Y. 2016 - 2017
- 2. The Universe is all of time and space and its contents. It includes planets, moons, minor planets, stars, galaxies, the contents of intergalactic space, and all matter and energy. What is the Universe?
- 3. Scientific Models of the Universe Nicolaus Copernicus (February 1473 – 24 May 1543) Heliocentric Model - Sun is the center of the Solar System Law of Planetary Motion - elliptical planet orbits Johannes Kepler (December 27, 1571 – November 15, 1630) Galileo Galilei (February 15,1564 – January 8, 1642) Father of Observational Astronomy
- 4. What can we see in the Solar System? THE SOLAR SYSTEM Sun Planets & its Satellites Dwarf Planets Other Objects
- 5. THE SOLAR SYSTEM • Consists of the Sun and the celestial objects bound by gravity: 8 planets, 5 dwarf planets, 173 known moons / satellite and billions of small bodies • The dimension of the Solar System are specified in terms if the mean distance from Earth to the Sun called “Astronomical Unit” (AU) • 1 AU = 150 km • Diameter: 1.41 x 1010 meters of 13 light hours
- 6. - Origin of name: SOL – Latin for “sun” - Discovered: Known since antiquity - Surface Temperature: 5,500◦C (9,932◦ F) - Core Temperature: 15 million◦ C (27 million ◦ F) Sun
- 7. 1. Photosphere – surface of the Sun covered by 2 layers of atmosphere: – Chromosphere – made of hot gases (mainly hydrogen) that swirl around the surface of the Sun – Corona – outermost layer of the Sun and stretches towards planets as far as Mercury 2. Core – light is created by nuclear reactions between hydrogen and helium 3. Radiative Zone – heat created by the core moves outward through the gases 4. Convective Zone – energy is transported by the convection 5. Sunspots – dark spots appearing at the surface of the Earth Sun
- 8. Sun
- 9. - Greek word meaning “wanderer” - According to AIU: it is a celestial body that: a. orbits around the Sun b. has sufficient mass for its self- gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that t assumes a hydrostatic (nearly round) shape c. has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit Planets
- 10. - Revolve counterclockwise around the sun together with the satellite systems except for Jupiter, Saturn, Neptune - 2 Groups separated by the Asteroid Belt: Inner / Terrestrial Planets Outer / Jovian (Jupiter-Like) Planets Planets
- 11. Inner Planets - Small and composed primarily of rock and iron, and have compact and rocky surfaces Mercury Venus Earth Mars
- 12. Outer / Jovian Planets - Much larger and have gaseous nature consists mainly of hydrogen, helium, ice Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
- 14. Dwarf Planets - A celestial body that: a. is in orbit around the Sun b. has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape c. has not cleared the neighbor around its orbit d. is not a satellite
- 15. Dwarf Planets Pluto Ceres Eris Makemake
- 16. Other Objects Asteroids - Celestial bodies of various sizes that move in orbit primarily between Mars and Jupiter Meteors - Inner and outer regions of the Solar System - Shooting stars - smallest bodies in the Solar System that can be observed by the naked eye Comets - Ball of ice and rock that orbits the Sun - - comes from the outer fringes of the Solar System
- 17. Resources: The New Solar System. Nexlight Corporation. Philippine Copyright 2015 Science: A Closer Look. The McGnaw- Hill Companies Inc. Phoenix Publishing House. 2011. pp 318 - 344
- 18. Let’s Find Out: How did the Universe form? Library Work: Look for a folklore / story / essay that discusses how the Universe started