The document discusses prototypes, which are simple experimental models used to test ideas quickly and cheaply. Prototypes can take many forms, from sketches and storyboards to basic physical models. They allow designers to validate concepts, test assumptions, and receive feedback before fully developing a product. The document outlines reasons for prototyping like saving costs and pitching to investors. It also describes types of prototypes from low to high fidelity and resources for prototyping. Testing prototypes with intended users is emphasized to improve designs early in the process.