Solidity is a programming language for creating smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. It allows developers to write smart contracts for applications, financial services, data storage, and more. Some key concepts in understanding Solidity include Ethereum, smart contracts, and the Ethereum Virtual Machine. Solidity code can be compiled in different environments like Remix, Node.js, Docker, or binary packages. The language uses concepts like pragmas, contracts, variables, and data types. Solidity smart contracts have many use cases such as upgrading contracts, trade finance, and digital identity.