Introduction to Tech and Society Lecture-1.pptx
- 1. Scientific Knowledge and Technological Advance Chapter Four
- 2. • Science is a systematic and empirical approach to studying the natural world, including its physical, biological, and social aspects. It involves the use of the scientific method, which involves the formulation of hypotheses, the collection of data through experimentation and observation, and the testing and refinement of those hypotheses through analysis and interpretation of the data. The ultimate goal of science is to understand how the natural world works and to use that knowledge to develop new insights, theories, and technologies. • Technology, on the other hand, refers to the practical application of scientific knowledge for a specific purpose. It involves the creation, development, and deployment of tools, machines, devices, and systems that can improve the way we live and work. Technology can be both physical (such as computers, smartphones, and medical equipment) and conceptual (such as software, algorithms, and artificial intelligence). Technology is constantly evolving and improving, and it plays a critical role in shaping the modern world.
- 3. Studies of Contemporary Science–Technology Relationships The study of contemporary science-technology relationships is an interdisciplinary field that examines the complex interactions between science and technology in modern society. It seeks to understand the social, cultural, political, and economic factors that shape the development and use of technology, as well as the ways in which technology influences and transforms society. One of the key themes is the role of power and control in shaping technological change. Technological innovations are not solely driven by scientific progress but are often influenced by the interests of powerful stakeholders such as corporations, governments, and military organizations.
- 4. How Technology Differs from Science BASIS FOR COMPARISON SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY Meaning Science is a methodical way of gaining knowledge on a particular subject, through observation and experiments. Technology alludes to the practical application of the scientific knowledge for various purposes. What is it? It is the process of exploring new knowledge. It is the use of laws of science to create new products. Effect It is useful It can be useful or harmful. Change Does not change. Changes continuously Stresses on Discovery Invention Deals with Study of structure and behavior of natural and physical world, to create premises. Putting those premises into practice. Method of evaluation Analysis, deduction and theory development Analysis and synthesis of design. Use Used to make predictions Simplify the work and fulfill the needs of people.
- 5. How Technology Facilitates Scientific Discovery • Improved Data Collection: Technology has made it easier for scientists to collect data from experiments and observations. For example, high- resolution cameras, sensors, and satellites have enabled scientists to collect large amounts of data quickly and accurately. • Enhanced Data Processing: Once data is collected, technology can be used to process and analyze it more efficiently than ever before. For instance, powerful computers and software programs can quickly crunch large data sets, identify patterns, and generate insights that would be impossible to detect manually.
- 6. • Simulation and Modeling: Advances in computing power and software development have made it possible to create highly sophisticated simulations and models of complex systems. These simulations allow scientists to test hypotheses and predictions in a virtual environment, reducing the need for costly and time-consuming physical experiments. • Collaboration and Communication: Technology has also facilitated collaboration between scientists, regardless of their location. Virtual communication tools such as video conferencing and online collaboration platforms enable researchers to work together more easily, share data and ideas, and advance scientific knowledge more quickly.
- 7. The Translation of Science into Technology The translation of science into technology involves a process of applying scientific knowledge to the development of new technologies. This process involves a number of steps, including basic research, applied research, development, and diffusion. • Basic research involves the exploration of fundamental principles and the discovery of new phenomena. This type of research is often carried out by academic researchers and is not typically aimed at developing practical applications.
- 8. • Applied research, on the other hand, involves the application of scientific knowledge to the development of new technologies. This type of research is often carried out by engineers and scientists working in industry or government labs. • Development involves the creation of new products or processes based on the results of applied research. This stage involves the design and construction of prototypes, as well as the testing and refinement of these prototypes. Finally, diffusion involves the widespread adoption of new technologies by society. This stage can be influenced by a number of factors, including economic incentives, regulatory policies, and cultural attitudes.
- 9. The Commonalities of Science and Technology Science and technology share many commonalities, as both fields are focused on understanding and utilizing the natural world to improve human life. Here are some of the key commonalities between science and technology: • Empirical Observation: Both science and technology rely on empirical observation as a basis for understanding the natural world. Scientists observe natural phenomena and conduct experiments to test hypotheses, while engineers and technologists observe the behavior of materials and systems in order to design and build new technologies.
- 10. • Problem Solving: Both fields are focused on solving problems, whether it's a scientific question about the nature of the universe or an engineering challenge to create a new product or system. • Collaboration: Scientists and technologists often work in teams, collaborating with colleagues from different fields and backgrounds to share knowledge and expertise. • Creativity and Innovation: Both fields require creativity and innovation to make new discoveries or create new technologies that can benefit society. • Use of Math and Computational Tools: Both fields rely on math and computational tools to analyze data, create models, and simulate complex systems.
- 11. • Evidence-based: Both fields rely on evidence-based practices to draw conclusions and make decisions. Scientists use data and empirical evidence to test hypotheses, while engineers use experimental data and simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of their designs. • Impact on Society: Both fields have a profound impact on society, shaping the way we live and work, and contributing to economic growth and development. Advances in science and technology have led to improved health care, communication, transportation, and many other areas of modern life.