IRJET- Bridge Type Solid State Fault Current Limiter using AC/DC Reactor (BSSFCL)
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This document presents a bridge type solid state fault current limiter (BSSFCL) that uses an AC/DC reactor to reduce the magnitude of fault currents. The BSSFCL topology uses a bridge rectifier circuit with a reactor. During normal operation, the topology operates in DC mode with negligible impedance. During faults, the topology switches to AC mode through TRIAC switching, increasing the impedance and limiting the fault current. Experimental results showed the BSSFCL was able to reduce a 1.55A fault current to 1.48A, a 0.07A decrease. The BSSFCL provides advantages over existing fault current limiters like near-zero impedance during normal operation and automatic reinsertion after limiting a
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7375
BRIDGE TYPE SOLID STATE FAULT CURRENT LIMITER USING AC/DC
REACTOR (BSSFCL)
Sagar Barkale1, Sandeep Waghmare2, Avinash Bhalerao3, Mayur Kanaskar4
1,2,3,4Department of Electrical Engineering, ZCOER Pune, Maharashtra, India
5Assistant Professor- Sudhir.G.Mane , Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Zeal College of Engimeering and Research,
Narhe , Pune, Maharastra, Indian
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - : The aim of this project is to reduce magnitude
of fault current using AC/DC reactor in bridge type solid state
fault current limiter topology(BSSFCL). In this project bridge
rectifier with reactor is used. Where during normal working
condition the topology is in DC mode, whereas when fault
occurs a topology change into AC mode. The advantage of
BSSFCL over existing DC reactor type fault current
limiter(FCL) is that, at normal operating condition the
impedance is negligible whereas, at fault the impedance is
high. The switching of circuit DC to AC mode is controlled by
TRIAC switching component.
Key Words: ACS712, Arduino Atmega 328P, TRIAC,
Reactor.
1. INTRODUCTION
Because of utilization development, new power age plants
ought to be introduced. Creating systems and the
interconnections may expand the flaw current dimensions,
which are more than the most extreme short out limit of
circuit breakers. The expandeddeficiencycurrentdimension
can make serious harms the system. Among various blames
in dispersion organize, the shortoutshortcomingisthe most
common one and can cause genuine harms, for example,
overvoltage, loss of synchronization, overcurrent,
overheating, equipment connected to system may lead to
malfunction and insulation breakdown .
To anticipate these issues, a few arrangements are utilized,
for example,
Updating the switchgearandotherrelatedparts.Associating
the power electronic converterinterfaceamongsystemsand
recently introduced dispersed generator (DG). Control
framework reconfiguration. Associating high impedance
transformers for expanding impedance of the system and
furthermore new arrangement like the use of the Unified
Interphase Power Controller (UIPC) for flaw currentcontrol
in interconnected frameworks.
2. METHODOLOGY
In this system we using Atmega 328P Arduino controller for
switching sequence of TRIAC’S . Thisswitchingsequencecan
be controlled, on the condition of system that is 1. Normal
operating condition and 2. At fault occurrence. This project
reduces some amount of magnitude of fault current, which
will make the system to work as a normal condition. For this
to happen bridge rectifier circuit is used, where reactor
changes its mode from DC to AC. During normal operating
condition BSSFCL topology remain in DC mode,sucha wayit
changes into AC mode when fault occurs.
3. PROPOSED METHOD
This device is a progressive energy framework gadgetwhich
delivers issues because of expanded issue current
dimensions. Whereas name suggests, this device is a gadget
that reduces imminent flaw flows to a lowest dimension.
The essential thought of any extension type issue current
limiter, is as per the following,[7]. 1) t is smaller than T
shortcoming,thereforeimpedanceoftheproposedBSSFCLis
near 0ω 2) At t is greater than T deficiency, therefore
impedance of the proposed BSSFCL increases forcefully
couple of milliseconds. A shortcoming current limiter
(BSSFCL) is the best answer for the deficiency current
confinementRegardingBSSFCLsdefensiveresponse,BSSFCL
can be classified into two types.
Fig -1: Proposed Method Of BSSFCL
3.1 DC OPERATION MODE
Fig.1.1. Demonstrate the DC actuating method of BSSFCL.[7]
For this situation, the BSSFCL works as a rectifier connect
that actuates dc voltage on the arrangement reactor and](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i51064-191022090406/85/IRJET-Bridge-Type-Solid-State-Fault-Current-Limiter-using-AC-DC-Reactor-BSSFCL-1-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7376
short circuit it by freewheeling activity. In shortcoming
origin, the expanded flaw current achieves the edge current
dimension and after this dimension, the controller changes
the BSSFCL topology to air conditioning mode.
Fig 1.1-: DC Operation Mode
3.2 AC OPERATION MODE
Fig 1.2 Demonstrate the AC task methodofBSSFCL. [7]In this
mode the pinnacle of the line current reaches the per-
characterized esteem and the controller changes the
proposed model's topology fromthedc modetotheacmode.
For this situation, D1 with T1 and D2 with T2 structure two
antiparallel switches that feed the reactor with ac voltage as
appeared in Fig. 2.1. So also, T3 and T4 are killing at initial
zero intersection current and the new circuit topology
initiates an ac voltage on the Ld..Withthisexchangingdesign
in the deficiency interim , the impedance of the ac reactor
increments and the shortcoming current adequacy
diminishes to the predetermined dimension.
Fig 1.2-: AC Operation Mode
4. BLOCKDIAGRAM
Fig 2-: Block Diagram of BSSFCL Circuit
5. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION
Sr.no Components
1. Ardiuno – ATMEGA 328 P
2. TRAIC – BT136
3. Current Sensor – ASC712
4. LCD Display -16x2
5. Inductor -0.1 H
6. Diodes
7. Load – Resistive
Table content major component used for BSSFCL circuit .
6. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Fig 3-: Block Diagram Of BSSFCL Circuit
Power supply
AC ammeter
BSSFCL circuit
Resistive load](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i51064-191022090406/85/IRJET-Bridge-Type-Solid-State-Fault-Current-Limiter-using-AC-DC-Reactor-BSSFCL-2-320.jpg)
![International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7377
7. RESULT ANALYSIS
Fig -4: Current Value at Normal Condition
Fig -4.1: Current Value at fault condition
From fig.4.1 it is seen that current value is reduced from
1.55amp to 1.48amp, thus there is 0.7amp decrease in
fault current.
8. ADVANTAGES
Avoid equipment damaging,Uselowerfaultrated equipment
Reduce voltage dips on adjacent feeders, Enhance power
grid transient stability , Enhanced system safety, stability,
and efficiency of the power delivery systems, Reduced or
eliminated wide-area blackouts, reduced localized
disruptions, and increased recovery time when disruptions
do occur, Reduced maintenance costs by protecting
expensive downstream T&D system equipment from
constant electrical surges that degrade equipment and
require costly replacement, Near-zero InsertionImpedance:
Under normal conditions, the SFCL acts as a near perfect
electrical conductor. Automatic Reinsertion:Aftera current-
limiting operation, the SFCL automatically resets and is
ready for the next operation.
9. CONCLUSION
The proposed BSSFCL is fit for controlling the size of flaw
current. So as to control the flaw current, essential twisting
of a disengaging reactor is associated in arrangement with
the line and the auxiliary side is associated with strong state
gadget.
REFERENCES
[1] Z. Yang et al., “Dynamic simulation of the overvoltage for
fault current limiter” in Proc. Asia-Pac. Power Energy Eng.
Conf. (APPEEC), Wuhan, China, 2011, pp. 1–4.
[2] C. S. Chang and P. C. Loh, “Integration of fault current
limiters on power systemsforvoltagequalityimprovement,”
Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 83–92, 2001.
[3] M. Abapour and M. T. Hagh,“Anon-superconductingfault
current limiter with controlling the magnitudes of fault
currents,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 3, pp.
613–619, Mar. 2009.
[4] M. T. Hagh and M. Abapour, “DC reactor typetransformer
inrush current limiter,” IET Elect. Power Appl., vol. 1, no. 5,
pp. 808–814, Sep. 2007.
[5] M. Firouzi, G. B. Gharehpetian, and M. Pishvaei, “A dual-
functional bridge type FCL to restore PCC voltage,” Elect.
Power Energy Syst., vol. 46, pp. 49–55, Mar. 2013
[6] A. Abramovitz and K. M. Smedley, “Survey of solid-state
fault current limiters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27,
no. 6, pp. 2770–2782, Jun. 2012.
[7] H. Radmanesh, S. H. Fathi, and G. B. Gharehpetian, “Novel
high per- formance DC reactor type fault current limiter,”
Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 122, pp. 198–207, May 2015.
[8] M. Steurer, K. Frohlich, W. Holaus, and K. Kaltenegger, “A
novel hybrid currentlimiting circuit breaker for medium
voltage: Principle and test results,” IEEE Trans. Power Del.,
vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 460–467, Apr. 2003.
[9] W. Fei, Y. Zhang, and Z. Lu, “Novel bridge-type FCL based
on self-turnoff devices for three-phasepowersystems,”IEEE
Trans. Power Del., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 2068–2078, Oct. 2008.
[10] W. Fei and Y. Zhang,“Anovel IGCT-basedhalf-controlled
bridge type fault current limiter,” in Proc. CES/IEEE 5th Int.
Power Electron. Motion Control Conf. (IPEMC), vol. 2.
Shanghai, China, 2006, pp. 1–5.
[11] M. Firouzi and G. B. Gharehpetian,“Improvingfaultride-
through capa- bility of fixedspeed wind turbine by using
bridge-type fault current limiter,” IEEE Trans. Energy
Convers., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 361–369, Jun. 2013.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/irjet-v6i51064-191022090406/85/IRJET-Bridge-Type-Solid-State-Fault-Current-Limiter-using-AC-DC-Reactor-BSSFCL-3-320.jpg)
IRJET- Bridge Type Solid State Fault Current Limiter using AC/DC Reactor (BSSFCL)
- 1. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7375 BRIDGE TYPE SOLID STATE FAULT CURRENT LIMITER USING AC/DC REACTOR (BSSFCL) Sagar Barkale1, Sandeep Waghmare2, Avinash Bhalerao3, Mayur Kanaskar4 1,2,3,4Department of Electrical Engineering, ZCOER Pune, Maharashtra, India 5Assistant Professor- Sudhir.G.Mane , Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Zeal College of Engimeering and Research, Narhe , Pune, Maharastra, Indian ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - : The aim of this project is to reduce magnitude of fault current using AC/DC reactor in bridge type solid state fault current limiter topology(BSSFCL). In this project bridge rectifier with reactor is used. Where during normal working condition the topology is in DC mode, whereas when fault occurs a topology change into AC mode. The advantage of BSSFCL over existing DC reactor type fault current limiter(FCL) is that, at normal operating condition the impedance is negligible whereas, at fault the impedance is high. The switching of circuit DC to AC mode is controlled by TRIAC switching component. Key Words: ACS712, Arduino Atmega 328P, TRIAC, Reactor. 1. INTRODUCTION Because of utilization development, new power age plants ought to be introduced. Creating systems and the interconnections may expand the flaw current dimensions, which are more than the most extreme short out limit of circuit breakers. The expandeddeficiencycurrentdimension can make serious harms the system. Among various blames in dispersion organize, the shortoutshortcomingisthe most common one and can cause genuine harms, for example, overvoltage, loss of synchronization, overcurrent, overheating, equipment connected to system may lead to malfunction and insulation breakdown . To anticipate these issues, a few arrangements are utilized, for example, Updating the switchgearandotherrelatedparts.Associating the power electronic converterinterfaceamongsystemsand recently introduced dispersed generator (DG). Control framework reconfiguration. Associating high impedance transformers for expanding impedance of the system and furthermore new arrangement like the use of the Unified Interphase Power Controller (UIPC) for flaw currentcontrol in interconnected frameworks. 2. METHODOLOGY In this system we using Atmega 328P Arduino controller for switching sequence of TRIAC’S . Thisswitchingsequencecan be controlled, on the condition of system that is 1. Normal operating condition and 2. At fault occurrence. This project reduces some amount of magnitude of fault current, which will make the system to work as a normal condition. For this to happen bridge rectifier circuit is used, where reactor changes its mode from DC to AC. During normal operating condition BSSFCL topology remain in DC mode,sucha wayit changes into AC mode when fault occurs. 3. PROPOSED METHOD This device is a progressive energy framework gadgetwhich delivers issues because of expanded issue current dimensions. Whereas name suggests, this device is a gadget that reduces imminent flaw flows to a lowest dimension. The essential thought of any extension type issue current limiter, is as per the following,[7]. 1) t is smaller than T shortcoming,thereforeimpedanceoftheproposedBSSFCLis near 0ω 2) At t is greater than T deficiency, therefore impedance of the proposed BSSFCL increases forcefully couple of milliseconds. A shortcoming current limiter (BSSFCL) is the best answer for the deficiency current confinementRegardingBSSFCLsdefensiveresponse,BSSFCL can be classified into two types. Fig -1: Proposed Method Of BSSFCL 3.1 DC OPERATION MODE Fig.1.1. Demonstrate the DC actuating method of BSSFCL.[7] For this situation, the BSSFCL works as a rectifier connect that actuates dc voltage on the arrangement reactor and
- 2. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7376 short circuit it by freewheeling activity. In shortcoming origin, the expanded flaw current achieves the edge current dimension and after this dimension, the controller changes the BSSFCL topology to air conditioning mode. Fig 1.1-: DC Operation Mode 3.2 AC OPERATION MODE Fig 1.2 Demonstrate the AC task methodofBSSFCL. [7]In this mode the pinnacle of the line current reaches the per- characterized esteem and the controller changes the proposed model's topology fromthedc modetotheacmode. For this situation, D1 with T1 and D2 with T2 structure two antiparallel switches that feed the reactor with ac voltage as appeared in Fig. 2.1. So also, T3 and T4 are killing at initial zero intersection current and the new circuit topology initiates an ac voltage on the Ld..Withthisexchangingdesign in the deficiency interim , the impedance of the ac reactor increments and the shortcoming current adequacy diminishes to the predetermined dimension. Fig 1.2-: AC Operation Mode 4. BLOCKDIAGRAM Fig 2-: Block Diagram of BSSFCL Circuit 5. HARDWARE DESCRIPTION Sr.no Components 1. Ardiuno – ATMEGA 328 P 2. TRAIC – BT136 3. Current Sensor – ASC712 4. LCD Display -16x2 5. Inductor -0.1 H 6. Diodes 7. Load – Resistive Table content major component used for BSSFCL circuit . 6. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP Fig 3-: Block Diagram Of BSSFCL Circuit Power supply AC ammeter BSSFCL circuit Resistive load
- 3. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 05 | May 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 © 2019, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 7377 7. RESULT ANALYSIS Fig -4: Current Value at Normal Condition Fig -4.1: Current Value at fault condition From fig.4.1 it is seen that current value is reduced from 1.55amp to 1.48amp, thus there is 0.7amp decrease in fault current. 8. ADVANTAGES Avoid equipment damaging,Uselowerfaultrated equipment Reduce voltage dips on adjacent feeders, Enhance power grid transient stability , Enhanced system safety, stability, and efficiency of the power delivery systems, Reduced or eliminated wide-area blackouts, reduced localized disruptions, and increased recovery time when disruptions do occur, Reduced maintenance costs by protecting expensive downstream T&D system equipment from constant electrical surges that degrade equipment and require costly replacement, Near-zero InsertionImpedance: Under normal conditions, the SFCL acts as a near perfect electrical conductor. Automatic Reinsertion:Aftera current- limiting operation, the SFCL automatically resets and is ready for the next operation. 9. CONCLUSION The proposed BSSFCL is fit for controlling the size of flaw current. So as to control the flaw current, essential twisting of a disengaging reactor is associated in arrangement with the line and the auxiliary side is associated with strong state gadget. REFERENCES [1] Z. Yang et al., “Dynamic simulation of the overvoltage for fault current limiter” in Proc. Asia-Pac. Power Energy Eng. Conf. (APPEEC), Wuhan, China, 2011, pp. 1–4. [2] C. S. Chang and P. C. Loh, “Integration of fault current limiters on power systemsforvoltagequalityimprovement,” Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 57, no. 2, pp. 83–92, 2001. [3] M. Abapour and M. T. Hagh,“Anon-superconductingfault current limiter with controlling the magnitudes of fault currents,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 613–619, Mar. 2009. [4] M. T. Hagh and M. Abapour, “DC reactor typetransformer inrush current limiter,” IET Elect. Power Appl., vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 808–814, Sep. 2007. [5] M. Firouzi, G. B. Gharehpetian, and M. Pishvaei, “A dual- functional bridge type FCL to restore PCC voltage,” Elect. Power Energy Syst., vol. 46, pp. 49–55, Mar. 2013 [6] A. Abramovitz and K. M. Smedley, “Survey of solid-state fault current limiters,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 2770–2782, Jun. 2012. [7] H. Radmanesh, S. H. Fathi, and G. B. Gharehpetian, “Novel high per- formance DC reactor type fault current limiter,” Elect. Power Syst. Res., vol. 122, pp. 198–207, May 2015. [8] M. Steurer, K. Frohlich, W. Holaus, and K. Kaltenegger, “A novel hybrid currentlimiting circuit breaker for medium voltage: Principle and test results,” IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 460–467, Apr. 2003. [9] W. Fei, Y. Zhang, and Z. Lu, “Novel bridge-type FCL based on self-turnoff devices for three-phasepowersystems,”IEEE Trans. Power Del., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 2068–2078, Oct. 2008. [10] W. Fei and Y. Zhang,“Anovel IGCT-basedhalf-controlled bridge type fault current limiter,” in Proc. CES/IEEE 5th Int. Power Electron. Motion Control Conf. (IPEMC), vol. 2. Shanghai, China, 2006, pp. 1–5. [11] M. Firouzi and G. B. Gharehpetian,“Improvingfaultride- through capa- bility of fixedspeed wind turbine by using bridge-type fault current limiter,” IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. 28, no. 2, pp. 361–369, Jun. 2013.