IRJET- Optimal Strategy for Extraction of Traffic Based on PLC

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 04 | Apr-2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1940
Optimal Strategy for Extraction of Traffic Based On PLC
Nikita R. Mane1, Shweta S. Phadtare2, Poonam Halawanakar3,
Pratik M. Rote4, Vikas S. Mane5
1, 2, 3, 4 B.E. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Sanjeevan Engineering and Technology Institute,
Panhala (Shivaji University)
5Faculty, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Sanjeevan Engineering and Technology Institute,
Panhala (Shivaji University)
----------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Traffic signals are the most suitable method of
controlling traffic in busy junction. Whenever a particular
lane has got more traffic than other lanes generalise traffic
signals fails to control high traffic. The main objective of this
paper is to introduce the system of traffic control which can
be implemented on high traffic using PLC. PLC is used to
control overall system using some specific functions and
decides the priorities of the lane automatically. Sensors are
checked vehicle density in a lane at a 4-way crossing and
certain logical operations are performed to decide which
lane should be serviced first also provides output signals to
traffic light poles for ON or OFF the yellow, green or red
lights and the timing of ON period is depend on the specific
priorities.
Key Words: PLC, Sensors, 485 converter, LED’s, seven
segment display’s
1. INTRODUCTION
The traffic system is mostly based on sequential logic.
Each light operates for a given time one after another. In
generalise traffic control system it may be observed that
period of signals for a particular road will be always
constant. These days it is necessary to introduce the
system of traffic control which can be implemented in the
city on high traffic. Hence need for traffic control system
which would work on certain conditions and take decision
automatically. Optimal system stands for minimizing
traffic problems by monitoring and sensing traffic
conditions and also adjusting the timer of traffic lights.
The idea behind this project is to make optimal strategy
for traffic control system to collect information from busy
lanes by sensors and using control unit to shift service as
per priority. The system consists of three main parts. The
first part is PLC controller. The second part is hardware
usually comprises red, yellow, green lights and display and
third part is sensors. Sensors check the presence of
vehicles.
1.1 Objective
To demonstrate a way to develop an optimal system using
PLC to get rid of traffic in optimized manner which
handles the operation of signals automatically as per the
situations.
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM
In this idea of project, programming logic controller
platform with DVP-SA2 series is used. It offers bigger
programming capacity and executing efficiency, also offers
high speed output.
Basic blocks of system are shown in FIG.1. The functions
are given bellow:
Fig-1: Block Diagram
2.1 programmable logic controllers
PLC is used to check and control a system using digital
input which can be programmed for automation. It can be
able to take decision automatically by using logical
operations and has computational abilities.
Fig 2: Operation of PLC

It checks each input status to determine whether it is on or
off condition. PLC also works as modulator i.e. it can mix
and match the types of input and output devices to best
suit for the conditions.
2.2 Ladder programming
Ladder logic has evolved into a programming language
that represents a program by a graphical diagram. It is
used to develop software for programmable logic
controllers. PLC works by continually scanning and look
up on instructions to switch on or off various outputs.
Programming has been expanded to contain the functions
like counters, timers, match operations and shift registers.
It is initially programmed with simple contacts and
opening or closing of relays.
2.3 Proximity Sensor
A proximity sensor is a sensor able to detect the presence
of nearby objects without any physical contact. Proximity
sensor emits an electromagnetic field or beam of
electromagnetic radiation and looks for changes in field.
Inductive proximity sensor always defines a metal target.
Proximity sensors can have high reliability and long
functional life because of the absence of mechanical parts
and lack of physical contact between sensor and sensed
object. The maximum distance that this sensor can detect is
normal range.
Fig-2: Proximity sensor
2.3 RS-485 Converters
RS-485 is simply an electrical interface. It supports local
networks and multidrop communication links. EIA-485 is
a standard defining the electrical characterized of driver
and receivers for use in serial communication system. It is
generally accepted that RS-485 can be used with data
rates up to 10Mbit/s and distance up to 1200m. PLC and
controller are interfaces by modbus communication.
Fig-3: RS-485 Converter
3. PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Main block of the system is PLC. From power supply we
get 230v AC power supply which is converting into the
24v DC by using SMPS i.e. switch mode power supply to
turn on the PLC. The sensors are placed at a distance away
from the junction. Sensors are the device that converts a
physical condition into an electrical signal and give
vehicles information to the PLC. The densities are counting
by using proximity sensors. Then PLC compares each
density with other densities of three lanes. PLC has
abilities to change and replicate operation while collecting
and communicating vital information. Ladder logic is
widely used to program PLC, where continues control of
process. Ladder program are transferred from PC to PLC.
It takes decision and increase the green time of busy lane.
Here RS-485 module for long distance communication and
match the baud rate of PLC and displays for
communication. Then according to the signals and sensors,
seven segment display shows time as per the conditions.
4. ALGORITHM
Step 1:
i) Start the system
ii) Match the baud rate of PLC & DISPLAY’S for
communication.
Step 2:
i) Switch on all displays
ii) Move the signal data onto the respective registers
Step 3:
i) Set the clock pulse of 1 sec for decrement the counter
ii) Follow normal process of the traffic signals
Step 4:
i) After one cycle is complete of traffic light now the
sensor’s working will be start.
ii) If X0 (sensor 1)is on then subtract data by 20 sec from
remaining 3 signal
iii) If X0 (sensor 1) & X1 (sensor 2) are on then subtracts
data by 10 sec from remaining 3 signal
iv) If all sensors that is X0(sensor 1), X1(sensor 2),
X2(sensor 3) are set then follow the step 3-(1).
5. RESULT:
The following tabulation gives the reading for a particular
example. When lane A is having first sensor ON then Red
time prefer to remaining three signals are shown in below
table. Similarly time prefers for remaining three signals
whenever second & third sensors are ON.

Signal
30 30 60 90
A B C D
A
Sensors
1st sensor 10 10 40 70
2nd sensor 20 20 50 80
3rd sensor 30 30 60 90
When lane B is having first sensor ON then Red time prefer
to remaining three signals are shown in below table.
Similarly time prefers for remaining three signals
When lane C is having first sensor ON then Red time
prefer to remaining three signals are shown in below
signal
60 90 30 30
A B C D
C
Sensors
1st sensor 40 70 10 10
2nd sensor 50 80 20 20
3rd sensor 60 90 30 30
When lane D is having first sensor ON then Red time
prefer to remaining three signals are shown in below
signal
30 60 90 30
A B C D
D
Sensors
1st sensor 10 40 70 10
2nd sensor 20 50 80 20
3rd sensor 30 60 90 30
6. CONCLUSION
In this project, we analyze the limitations of the existing
traffic system and provide a new traffic control system for
application of the traffic system .This project can help to
reduce problem of congestion of traffic as well as reduce
fuel consumption sound pollution caused by the sound of
the horn nowadays.
This system is hereby implementing for reducing
congestion of traffic system at the intersections of lanes by
allotting variable time according to how much congestion
is present on the respective area. The use of PLC makes
the system more reliable than the ordinary system. by
communicate the PLC with the converter we can reduce
the output pins .
REFERENCE
[1] “PLC Based Intelligent Traffic Control System”
Muhammad Arshad Khattak International Journal of
Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS-IJENS Vol: 11 No: 06
[2] “SMART TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEM USING PLC and
SCADA”,Mohit Dev Srivastava, Prerna, Shubhendu Sachin,
Sumedha Sharma, Utkarsh TISSN: 2319 – 8753 ,
International Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
Engineering and Technology Vol. 1, Issue 2, December
2012
[3] “Adaptive Intelligent Traffic Control System using PLC
”,S. V. Viraktamath, Priyamvada Holkar, Priyanka V.
Narayankar, Jayashri Pujari International Journal of
Innovative Research in Computer and Communication
Engineering (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization)
Vol. 3, Issue 1, January 2015
[4] Programmable Controllers Theory and
Implementation, Second Edition L.A. Bryan, E.A. Bryan
[5] Programmable Logic Controllers,Fourth Edition W.
Bolton
[6] Programmable Logic Controllers: Programming
Method sand Applications, John R. Hackworth and
Frederick D. Hackworth
[7] Erwin Normanyo et al.2009, TELEMETRIC CONTROL
OF TRAFFIC LIGHTS INTERSECTIONS ASPECT RATIO IN
GHANA, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied
Sciences.VOL. 4, NO. 5, JULY 2009. ISSN 1819-6608.
Accessed 20-9-2010.
[8] Warnock, I.G. (1989), Programmable Controllers,
Operation and Application. Prentice Hall.pp 1-36. Accessed
12-02-2011.
[9] Douglas Lewin& David Protheroe (1992), Design of
Logic Systems, 2nd Edition, Chapman and Hall, London. pp
128-132; 212-220. Accessed 09-04-2011.
[10] Pallas-Areny, R., Webster, J., 2001, ―Sensors and
Signal Conditioning‖,John Wiley & Sons. pp 50-56.
Accessed 01-03-2011.
[11] A. Albagul et al, 2006.Design and Development of
Sensor Based Traffic Light System, American Journal of
Applied Sciences 3 (3): 1745-1749, ISSN 1546-9239.
Accessed 23-01-2011.
[12] Ryan G. Rosandich (1996), ―What to Know About PLC
Ladder Diagram Programming‖ EC & M. Accessed 10-04-
2011.
Signal
90 30 30 60
A B C D
B
Sensors
1st sensor 70 10 10 40
2nd sensor 80 20 20 50
3rd sensor 90 30 30 60

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IRJET- Optimal Strategy for Extraction of Traffic Based on PLC