IRJET- Sanctioned Load Monitoring & Controlling by using PLC

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 6.171 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 63
SANCTIONED LOAD MONITORING & CONTROLLING BY USING PLC
Suraj S Thosar1, Mayur M Suradkar2, Shubham Kawde3, N H Mate4
1,2,3students, Department of Electrical Engineering, Late G. N. Sapkal College of Engineering, Nashik
Maharashtra, India
4Professor, Department of Electrical engineering, Late G. N. Sapkal College of Engineering, Nasik
Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Transmission lines are the important factor of in
modern age, automation has been placed on power
reliability and economy. A power transformer is a very
valuable and important link in a power transmission system.
Transformers of substation are one of most important
equipment in power system network. Because of, the large
number of transformers and various components over a
wide area in power system, the data acquisition, condition
monitoring, automatic controlling are the important issues.
By making use of a smart transformer we can monitor and
control an entire substation. In this paper automation is
done using PLC using wireless system technologies system.
PLC (Programmable Logical Controller) plays crucial role in
automation field where many process are automated. On
the other hand SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition) act as human interfacing medium with
machine where voltage, current and temperature
fluctuation are monitored and corrected if necessary.
Keywords: Load, Relay, PLC, Current Sensor, SMPS,
Buzzer, Switches.
1 INTRODUCTION
Sanctioned load means that we are allowed to use that
much load which is sanctioned. Load in electrical circuit’s
means the Power consumed in that circuit. Every
appliance that is connected to electrical supply of your
home, consumes some power for its operation, this power
consumption by the appliances is known as 'Load' in
common terms. we are charged 'fixed charges'/meter rent
according to sanctioned load. If we exceed the sanctioned
load then your service provider may impose some penalty
on us. Suppose our sanctioned load is 2 KW then we pay
Rs. 100 (50 for each KW/ month of sanctioned load). If you
use 3 KW which exceeds your sanctioned load by one KW
then our service provider will impose a penalty in your
next bill. Our service provider will also ask us to get our
sanctioned load enhanced to 3-4 KW and would certainly
ask for load enhancement charges which are calculated
per KW. Our service provider is actually justified in asking
for load enhancement charges. He is making arrangements
for supplying to you the desired load, such as the
infrastructure like power generating system (power
plants) and power distribution equipment like
transformers and electricity lines. So, it all boils down to
the maximum connected load. If we need more power (by
connecting electrical equipment which consume a large
amount of electricity) then he needs more power
generating systems for which we need money. Again if we
need more power, we will need bigger transformers and
heavy wires for which he will need money. So, we will first
penalize us for using more than sanctioned load because
by doing that you are putting extra burden on his whole
system of power generation and distribution. After that,
we may automatically enhance our sanctioned load to our
maximum connected load or even a little bit more and add
the load enhancement charges in our next bill.
1.1 Objective
 A society needs correct design for internal electrical
distribution system. It also needs appropriate
contractual load from the electric utility company.
 An inaccurate design may result in lower system
reliability and lower contractual load may result in
the penalties.
 There are a lot of terms and a lot of technical
sections. The understanding of the same can be left to
the experts in general. But there is no harm in getting
to know the basic concepts as the experts are not
always available.
 The main objective of our project is to monitor and
control sanctioned load.
 To reduce time much more than the other remaining
techniques.
 To avoid scenario of load shedding.
1.2 Problem Definition
In now a days there are no arrangement for the detection
of running load in domestic level so that the service
provider can calculate the load automatically. So here we
are trying to make the system in which a sensor will be
added to the house of user and if consumer exceed the
limit than he will be automatically warned 3 times and if
he keeps exceeding the limit than the power will be
automatically cut off and he will have to pay the penalty to
the service provider and a control switch located in
service provider control room will on the supply.

2 LITERATURE SERVEY
The adoption of PLC and SCADA has been rapidly
spreading and existing systems are being replaced with
new systems based on these new technologies. At
changing environment of the power system industry,
in1999 Toshiba announced a concept of new middleware
for power system network control systems including
energy management systems (EMS), supervisory control
and data acquisition systems (SCADA), and distribution
management systems (DMS). Supervision Control and
Data Acquisition (SCADA) system is a communication and
control system used for monitoring, operation and
maintenance of household and industrial load. Compared
with traditional applications, a PLC system has more
accuracy in the operation and lead better result.
The present day Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
(SCADA) systems consisting of SCADA hosts, Remote
Terminal Units (RTUs) and field devices monitor and
control process equipment and systems from multiple
locations and exchange data from various distributed
control systems along the local and wide area networks.
Main concept of our project is “to control and to monitor
the load that has been sanctioned.” We are going to read
the electrical data by the use of PLC and SCADA. According
to the readings controlling actions will be taken by the
operator. Our project will help the supplier to calculate the
required energy in coming time and to control on the
sanctioned load for customer. This will help to decrease
the load shedding and can send the energy wherever it
needs.
There could be very detailed and involved calculations for
the demand factor, diversity factor etc. to calculate the
connected load. There are however certain thumb rules to
make us feel comfortable. A society is built up of the
individual loads such as residential loads, office loads, lifts,
water pumps, lighting, sewage treatment plant, club, shops
etc. All of them have a connected load.
A thumb rule is that the society should have
approximately 50 % of the sum of the total individual
loads as per the plan as the sanctioned load. The society
however may not have all the units ready or developed. A
society may go for a lesser load as connected load based
on the operating /built units in a society. It must be said
that there are always variations of 50 % factor. Typically,
the builder/developer needs to plan the infrastructure as
per the sanctioned load while build the infrastructure as
per connected load. The complications arise if the
connected loads for the individual loads are increased or
get violated which is very often the case as the societies
get old (or if there are real design issues). Thus a society
needs to keep on monitoring the maximum demand and
average demand for each of the months.
3 PROPOSED SYSTEM
Sanctioned load is nothing but the amount of energy that
has been allowed to use to the Sanctioned Load
Monitoring & controlling by using PLC This sanctioned
load is been calculated by audit while taking the new
connection from the supplier. When this sanctioned load is
crossed or exceed by consumer the system will give
warning to the consumer by buzzer or indicator. When the
current has been increased the PLC will give signal to the
buzzer and buzzer will be buzzed. Same will happened
again for twice time and system will give alarm to the
consumer. And same at third time, if the current will
increase than the sanctioned load current sensor will give
signal to the PLC. PLC will give signal again to the relay
and relay will trip the supply. The signal will be given to
the provider office and they will get to know about the
tripping of the supplier. Supply provider will be penalizing
to consumer for some amount of cash rupees to the
consumer. Consumer have to pay that penalty amount in
office. Then the supplier will insert the hardware key in
the system and system will be reset and again supply will
restart to the consumer.
To avoid all this scenario and penalty for costumer it is
necessary to have control and monitor on load sanctioned
by Supplier Company in this project we have tried to
controlled and monitoring of the sanctioned load.

3.1 Block Diagram
Fig No 1 Block Diagram of System
4 Circuit Diagram
Fig No 2 Circuit Diagram of System
4.3 Working
Main supply is given to the transformer which is of the
step down transformer. This step down transformer will
step down supply from 230V to the 12 v. Then the rectifier
is connected in series with the transformer which will
rectify the supply from AC to DC. Then this DC supply
will go to the voltage regulator 7805. 7805 IC will regulate
the supply to the 5V and then this 5V supply given to
current sensor which is connected in series with load
(consumer). Two separate current sensor are used for
separate consumer for the purpose of the current sensing.
Then this output of the current sensor WCS2202 is given
to the input side of PLC. Switch mode power supply is
connected input side to PLC to regulate supply 24 DC. This
24 DC supply is given to PLC to operate it. I1& I2 pin is
connected input side of the PLC is to reset the operation.
The M pin is of PLC is used to ground. Then supply from L
is given to the output of PLC that is Q1 Sanctioned Load
Monitoring & controlling by using PLC, Q2, Q3, Q4. One
wire is remove from Q1 Q2 is connected to the relay1 and
relay2 respectively. This relay is connected in series with
the load and 2 wire are removed out from Q4, Q3 are
connected to buzzer 1 and 2 respectively.
4.4 Implementation / Laddar Diagram
Fig No 3 Laddar Diagram
5 ADVANTAGES
 Great and easy way to load monitoring.
 Used PLC so more accuracy.
 Used PLC n SCADA, so opens many options to work
together.
 Supplier can make arrangements for supplying to
you the desired load.

 better n effective way on load shedding as supplier
will already arranged load as per you have
sanctioned.
6 CONCLUSIONS
The aim of this paper was to develop a system the PLC
and SCADA system for monitoring and controlling the
sanctioned load By using this PLC we can easily control
and monitor any load in our system and can improve the
result, system reliability, etc. Also it is strong way to work
on load shedding problem and get more n more flexible
system. Alternatively, SCADA and PLC communication
system make it possible to integrate protection control
and monitoring electrical parameter together for
maximum benefits.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Sincere thanks to all the anonymous researchers for
providing such a useful and helpful opinion, findings,
conclusions and recommendations. Also gives immense
pleasure to thanks to guide N H Mate, HOD Prof. R. N. Baji,
Principal Dr. S. B. Bagal, and friends for their kind support
and guidance.
REFERENCES
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TulasiRam, “ Real Time Decision Support for Energy
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3) Chengen Wang , Lida Xu , Wuliang Peng , ”Conceptual
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IRJET- Sanctioned Load Monitoring & Controlling by using PLC

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