IRJET- Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multistorey Buildings having Floating Columns

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 05 Issue: 12 | Dec 2018 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2018, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 7.211 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 828
Static and Dynamic Analysis of Multistorey Buildings Having
Floating Columns
Vandana Sharma1, Sourabh Dashore2
1PG Student, Dept. of Civil Engg., SIMS, Indore, M.P., India
2Asst. Prof., Dept. of Civil Engg., SIMS, Indore, M.P., India
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Abstract - A column is supposed to be a vertical member
starting from foundation level and transferringtheloadto the
ground. The term floating column is also a vertical element
which (due to architectural design/ site situation) at its lower
level (termination Level) rests on a beam which isahorizontal
member. The beams in turn transfer the load to othercolumns
below it.
The object of the present work is to compare the behaviour of
multi-storey buildings having floating columns with and
without shear walls under seismic forces by using static and
dynamic analysis. For this purpose three cases of multi-storey
buildings are considered. To reduce lateral displacement and
storey drift shear walls have been provided. In case-I, total 9
storeys are provided. Building area provided is 20 m x 20 m
upto lower 4 storeys and 28 m x 28 m upto upper 5 storeys. In
case-II, total 12 storeys are provided. Building area provided
is 20 m x 20 m upto lower 4 storeys and 28 m x 28 m upto
upper 8 storeys. In case-III, total 15 storeys are provided.
Building area provided is 20 m x 20 m upto lower 4 storeys
and 28 m x 28 m upto upper 11 storeys. To study the behavior
the response parametersselectedarelateraldisplacement and
storey drift. All the cases are assumed to be located in zone III,
zone IV and zone V and analyzed using static and dynamic
methods. All the three cases are analyzed with and without
shear wall using Staad.Pro software.
From the analysis result parameters displacement and storey
drift of the building models increases from lower to higher
zones because the magnitude of intensity will be more for
higher zones. In comparison to methods of analysis, dynamic
method of analysis gives more appropriate results.
Present work provides good information on the result
parameters displacement and storey drift in the multistorey
buildings with floating columns.
Key Words: Seismic, Floating Columns, Shear Wall,
Lateral displacement, Storey drift.
1. INTRODUCTION
The behavior of a building during earthquakes depends
critically on its overall shape, size and geometry, in addition
to how the earthquake forces are carried to the ground. The
earthquake forces developed at different floor levels in a
building need to be brought down along the height to the
ground by the shortest path and any deviation or
discontinuity in this load transfer path results in poor
performance of the building.Buildingswithvertical setbacks
(like the hotel buildings with a few storey wider than the
rest) cause a sudden jump in earthquake forces at the level
of discontinuity. Buildings that have fewer columns or walls
in a particular storey or with unusually tall storey tend to
damage or collapse which is initiated in that storey. Many
buildings with an open ground storey intended for parking
collapsed or were severely damaged in Gujarat during the
2001 Bhuj earthquake. Buildings with columns that hang or
float on beams at an intermediate storey and do not go all
the way to the foundation, have discontinuities in the load
transfer path.
1.1 Floating Columns
A column is supposed to be a vertical member starting from
foundation level and transferring theloadtotheground. The
term floating column is also a vertical element which(due to
architectural design/ site situation) at its lower level
(termination Level) rests on a beam which is a horizontal
member. The beams in turn transfer the load to other
columns below it.
There are many projects in which floating columns are
adopted, especially above the ground floor, where transfer
girders are employed, so that more openspaceisavailablein
the ground floor. These open spaces may be required for
assembly hall or parking purpose. The transfer girders have
to be designed and detailed properly, especially in earth
quake zones. The column is a concentrated loadonthebeam
which supports it. As far as analysisisconcerned,thecolumn
is often assumed pinned at the base and isthereforetaken as
a point load on the transfer beam. STAAD Pro, ETABS and
SAP2000 can be used to do the analysis of this type of
structure. Floating columns are competent enough to carry
gravity loading but transfer girder must be of adequate
dimensions (Stiffness) with very minimal deflection.
Looking ahead, of course, one will continue to make
buildings interesting ratherthanmonotonous.However,this
need not be done at the cost of poor behavior and
earthquake safety of buildings. Architectural features that
are detrimental to earthquake response of buildings should
be avoided. If not, they must be minimized. When irregular
features are included in buildings, a considerably higher
level of engineering effort isrequiredinthestructural design

and yet the building may not be as good as one with simple
architectural features.
Hence, the structures already made with these kinds of
discontinuous members are endangered in seismic regions.
But those structures cannot be demolished, ratherstudy can
be done to strengthen the structure or some remedial
features can be suggested. The columns of the first storey
can be made stronger, the stiffness of these columns can be
increased by retrofitting or these may be provided with
bracing to decrease the lateral deformation.
Fig -1: Floating Columns
2. PROBLEM FORMULATION & ANALYSIS
The object of the present work is to compare the behaviour
of multi-storey buildings having floating columns with and
without shear walls under seismic forces by using static and
dynamic analysis. For this purpose three cases of multi-
storey buildings are considered. To reduce lateral
displacement and storey drift shear walls have been
provided.
In case-I, total 9 storeysareprovided.Buildingarea provided
is 20 m x 20 m upto lower 4 storeys and 28 m x 28 m upto
upper 5 storeys.
In case-II, total 12 storeys are provided. Building area
provided is 20 m x 20 m upto lower 4 storeys and 28 m x 28
m upto upper 8 storeys.
In case-III, total 15 storeys are provided. Building area
provided is 20 m x 20 m upto lower 4 storeys and 28 m x 28
m upto upper 11 storeys.
To study the behavior the response parameters selected are
lateral displacement and storey drift. All the cases are
assumed to be located in zone III, zone IV and zone V and
analyzed using static and dynamic methods. All the three
cases are analyzed with and without shear wall.
Fig -2: 9 storey model with & without shear wall
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The study examines the performance of floating columns in
multi-storey buildings of different heights with shear walls

and without shear walls for seismic forces in zone III, IV and
V using static and dynamic analysis methods. As it is
discussed earlier that use of floating columns in buildings
makes the structure more vulnerable under seismic loading,
therefore, in present work floating columns are provided in
different buildings with shear wall also.
To study the effectiveness of all the models considered, the
displacement and storey drift are worked out. The results
organized in various tables and figures are discussed in
detail.
3.1 Effect of parameters studied on storey drift
1. According to IS:1893:2002 (part I), maximum limit for
storey drift with partial load factor 1.0 is 0.004 times of
storey height. Here, for 3.6m height and load factor of
1.5, though maximum drift will be 21.6mm.
1. It is observed from results that for all the cases
considered drift values follow aroundsimilarpathalong
storey height with maximum value lying somewhere
near about 4th storey in all the models.
2. It is observed here that in all the models drift values are
less for lower zones and it goes on increases for higher
zones because the magnitude of intensity will be the
more for higher zones.
3. In all the models it is observed that by providing shear
wall drift values reduces as compared to without shear
wall models for all the zones and both the methods of
analysis.
4. From the results it is observed that drift values of
dynamic analysis are less in comparison to static
analysis. Hence it may be preferable to adopt dynamic
analysis method in practice.
5. It is observed that with the increase of number of
storeys values of storey drift also increases.
6. In the 9 storey models from zone III to zone V for
without shear wall models drift values varies from
3.18mm to 19.83mm in static analysis whereas in
dynamic analysis it reduces from 2.66mm to 17.68mm.
Also in with shear wall models these values varies from
2.15mm to 11.36mm in static analysis and in dynamic
analysis from 1.89mm to 10.92mm.
9. As limiting values of storey drift is 21.6 mm, according
to this all the models in zone III and zone IV are safe
within permissible limits. For zoneVin9storeymodel it
is safe whereas in 12 storey and 15 storey modelsitfails
on 4th storey in both the methods of analysis forwithout
shear wall case but it is safe in case of with shear wall
models.
10. For improving these drift conditions of buildingshaving
floating columns in higherseismiczonesusingstaticand
dynamic analysis, the stiffness of columns should be
increased or thicknessofshearwall shouldbeincreased.
3.2 Effect of parameters studied on displacement
1. According to IS:456:2000, maximum limit for lateral
displacement is H/500, where H is buildingheight.For9
storey building model it is 64.8mm, for 12 storey
building model it is 86.4mm, for 15 storey building
model it is 108mm.
2. It is observed from results that for all the models
considered displacement values follow around similar
gradually increasing straight path along storey height.
3. In all the models displacement values are less for lower
zones and it goes on increases for higher zones because
the magnitude of intensity will be the more for higher
zones.
4. By providing shear wall displacement values reducesas
compared to without shear wall models for all thezones
in both static and dynamic analysis.
5. The lateral displacement is maximum at the top storey
and least at the base of structure.
6. As compared to with and without shear wall building
models, values of displacement are more in case of
without shear wall.
7. From the results it is observed that displacementvalues
of dynamic analysis are less in comparison to static
8. It is observed that with the increase of number of
storeys values of displacement also increases.
without shear wall models displacement values varies
from 12.2mm to 127.67mm in static analysiswhereasin
dynamic analysis it reduces from 11.81mm to
114.05mm. Also in case of with shear wall building
models these values varies from 4.83mmto67.20mmin
static analysis and in dynamic analysis from 4.75mm to
62.63mm.
from 13.75mm to 191.89mm in static analysis whereas
in dynamic analysis it reduces from 13.42mm to
models these values varies from 5.42mm to 108.36mm
in static analysis and in dynamic analysis from 5.33mm
to 99.61mm.

from 14.96mm to 266.49mm in static analysis whereas
in dynamic analysis it reduces from 14.68mm to
models these values varies from 5.94mm to 161.04mm
in static analysis and in dynamic analysis from 5.71mm
to 130.93mm.
12. As limiting value of displacement in 9 storey is 64.8mm,
in 12 storey is 86.4mm and in 15 storey it is 108.0mm.
In all the cases both in static and dynamic analysis
methods at the higher zones model fails at higher
storeys. To improve this behavior from past researches
it is suggested to increase size of column to reduce the
displacement values.
4. CONCLUSIONS
Within the scope of present work following conclusions are
drawn:
1. For all the cases considered drift values follow around
similar path along storey height with maximum value
lying somewhere near about 4th storeyinall thebuilding
models.
2. For all the models considered displacement values
follow around similar gradually increasingstraightpath
along storey height.
3. In all the models storey drift and displacement values
are less for lower zones and it goes on increases for
higher zones because the magnitude of intensity will be
the more for higher zones.
4. By providing shear wall drift and displacement values
reduces as compared to without shear wall models for
all the zones.
5. It is observed that drift values and displacement values
of dynamic analysis are less in comparison to static
6. It is observed that with increase of number of storeys
values of storey drift and displacement also increases.
7. In all the zones at some storeys displacementvaluesand
drift values crosses the maximum permissible limits in
case of without shear wall but it becomes safe in case of
building models with shear wall.
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