![It is my privilege to present the print version of the [Volume 3, Issue 3] of our Journal of
Mechatronics and Automation (JoMA), 2016. The intension of JoMA Journal is to create an
atmospherethatstimulatesvision,researchandgrowth intheareaofMechanicalEngineering.
Timely publication, honest communication, comprehensive editing and trust with authors and
readers have been the hallmark of our journals. STM Journals provide a platform for scholarly
research articles to be published in journals of international standards. STM journals strive to publish
qualitypaperinrecordtime,makingitaleaderinserviceandbusiness offerings.
The aim and scope of STM Journals is to provide an academic medium and an important reference
for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high level learning, teaching
andresearchinalltheScientific,TechnicalandMedicaldomains.
Finally, I express my sincere gratitude to our Editorial/ Reviewer board, Authors and publication
team for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of
authoring write ups/reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the
journals.With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish
qualityResearch/Reviewsfindingsfor our customersbase.
Ihopeyouwillenjoyreadingthisissue andwewelcomeyourfeedbackonanyaspectof theJournal.
Dr.ArchanaMehrotra
ManagingDirector
STM Journals
Director's Desk
STM JOURNALS](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/journalofjournalofmechatronicsandautomation1vol3issue3-170217101123/85/Journal-of-Mechatronics-and-Automation-vol-3-issue-3-9-320.jpg)
![JoMA (2016) 1-11 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
Journal of Mechatronics and Automation
ISSN: 2455-1988(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
A Brief Description of Vibration and Noise
Control in Vehicles
Bhanu Prakash Panwar*
Department of Mechanical Engineering, H.R. Institute of Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Abstract
In the following paper, the advanced and present state of the art technologies in vehicle’s
noise and vibrations control are described. Designers and manufacturers have to dedicate the
majority of their skills in ensuring that a vehicle is stable in terms of generated noise and
vibration furthermore vehicle manufacturer always pay attention to the global competition of
their product, stick to government regulations and rider comfort while casting or designing
vehicle and accessory components. Previously NVC (Noise and Vibration Control) is
calibrated manually but at present designers can take the assistance of advanced computer
aided techniques and designing software like (AutoCADD 2D/3D) in order to be confident
enough that the illustrated design of the vehicle is optimized for the best class comfort with
less noise and vibration. In this paper, initially introduction of NVC is provided followed by
the aspect of its generation, effects and remedies. A sight of possible future development and
research in this field also suggested.
Keywords: Factor of noise and vibration, Vibration analysis and forms of vibration, Vibration
factor, Damping ratio, Damping classification, Noise generation, Methods of noise reduction
INTRODUCTION
There has been a continuous growth in the
research and development in the different
corners of the automobile industry.
Engineering from past onwards always tends
to derive quality innovations that are being
implemented in automobile nevertheless the
whole credit does not belongs to the field of
engineering alone illustrated softwares like
computer aided techniques also act as an
imperative tool in case of the design process
by reducing the human efforts. Design analysis
also provides many engineering solutions
where designs can be affected without the
presence of manufacturing prototypes.
Softwares and equipment developed to detect
the vibration response of automobile engine,
gearbox assembly or any other components
and also noise radiated external components
like chassis system or wheels. Countless
approach has been used for the analysis of
stress induced in the component due to static
and dynamic load experienced by it. In
response, the structural components also react
dynamically to the loads, which is defined or
measured in terms of vibrations. If the process
of vibration commences to the structure than
the air molecules next to it impart oscillatory
motion and then it propagates the energy as
longitudinal sound waves which are easily
audible to the driver or passenger. The goal of
a designer is to eradicate these generated
sounds which are easily noticed or heard. A
process of continuous assessment is always in
action which evaluates the performance of
each vehicle in terms of noise level they
generate and vehicle’s performing away from
the stipulated described method are examined
and rectify their shortcomings [1].
NOISE AND VIBRATION FACTOR
INFLUENCE TO A VEHICLE
Vehicle noise and vibration performance is an
important vehicle design validation criterion
since it significantly influences the overall
performance of a vehicle. Noise and vibration
not only affect the comfort level of the driver
but also initiate stress, fatigue and feeling of
insecurity. While on the other hand it
significantly affects the mechanical
components of a vehicle. Mechanical
vibrations generate in both the cases of](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/journalofjournalofmechatronicsandautomation1vol3issue3-170217101123/85/Journal-of-Mechatronics-and-Automation-vol-3-issue-3-11-320.jpg)
![JoMA (2016) 12-17 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 12
Journal of Mechatronics and Automation
ISSN: 2455-1988(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Evolution of Structural Dynamic Modeling Technique for
Airborne Chassis
K. Jagadisan, P. Bangaru Babu
Research Centre Imarat (RCI)-DRDO, National Institute of Technology-Warangal,
Warangal, Telangana, India
Abstract
To estimate random vibration response of airborne chassis finite element method is used as a
tool. For making an appropriate requirement to determine the design requirement of the
package for a designer the point of accuracy is very much linked to this prophecy. The
modeling practices which are used in FEM are linked to attain preciseness in any considered
prediction. Preciseness of a particular FE model is inclined with appropriate consideration of
material properties and boundary conditions. Two types of chassis have been modeled in test
and software to gain more accurateness in comparison with different modifications. The two
main challenges in the present investigation are particularly concentrated. For considering
material properties conventional method has been established. By the investigation done on
FE model the input rotational stiffness has been given to it. Different mounting arrangements
have been formed for two chassis which are investigated to find out rotational stiffness and
damping values. The two key factors in the investigation include proper assessment of
material properties which will give the correct modeling practice for chassis which is genuine
in its steadiness. The design appropriateness of chassis in random vibration analysis will
make it simpler for any electronic packaging designer.
Keywords: Electronic packaging, Finite element analysis of Chassis, Chassis boundary
conditions
INTRODUCTION
The concert of significant roles like guidance,
navigation, control etc. in airborne vehicles
will mostly show the existence of electronic
packages. The electronic packages will face
many problems in vibration which is an
obstruction to the functionality of the chassis
which are related to these packages. The
prediction of maximum vibration response
achieved by chassis should be checked in the
design stage itself so as to confirm it is well
within limits. To avoid the failure of any
electronic component in the package the
counter action should be instigated to remove
the probability of failure.
In general finite element method (FEM) is
used as a tool to meet this criterion. The
proximity of vibration response is seen in
FEM which will allow making proper
adjustment where the accurateness of the FE
model is maintained well and it depends on the
correct selection of modeling practice.
The simulations of finite element analysis of
electronic packages are typically designed in
tough environments. Shell elements have been
created here with a single quad element with
four nodes completely to generate the
geometry on the chassis. The thickness can be
varied by the use of shell elements which will
also decrease the number of nodes created on
the chassis. To develop the mass compliance
matrix the usage of shell elements gives us the
proper information [1]. In element selection
2D solid element is chosen for the body of the
package in finite element analysis. Solid 45
elements have been chosen. The two types of
mesh is been used in the meshing process. For
meshing on chassis free meshing method is
used. One directional material property has
been chosen for all block regions.
Inconsistencies will occur in the generalization
of material property, although if the
consistency is been within the range then the
FE model is acceptable [2]. The edge
rotational stiffness and resultant response can](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/journalofjournalofmechatronicsandautomation1vol3issue3-170217101123/85/Journal-of-Mechatronics-and-Automation-vol-3-issue-3-12-320.jpg)
![JoMA (2016) 27-33 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 27
Journal of Mechatronics and Automation
ISSN: 2455-1988(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
Failure Analysis of Sheet Metal Utensils during Deep
Drawing Process
Kumbhar Siddharaj V.*, Sonage B.K.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, N.K. Orchid College of Engineering and Technology,
Solapur, Maharashtra, India
Abstract
Sheet metal is one of the most important semi-finished products used in the steel industry, and
sheet metal forming technology is therefore an important engineering discipline within the
area of mechanical engineering. Deep drawing process is used for manufacturing the utensils
from sheet metal. The sheet metal forming process to a large extent is based on experience,
rules of thumb and trial-error experiments with or without use of scientifically based
engineering methods. Trial-error experiments are very expensive with regard to both, money
and time along with material. Therefore, development of both, theoretical and experimental
engineering methods is very much needed. The objective of the project is to compare the
theoretical and analytical results with the experimental. Also the prediction of failures can be
done after simulation in ANSYS. The theoretical limitations can be taken into consideration
after evaluation of practical results.
Keywords: Sheet metal, deep drawing process, trial-error experiments, simulation in ANSYS
INTRODUCTION
In sheet metal industries, where products are
manufactured by adopting processes right
from melting of scrap to cold working and up
to press operation, annealing is one of the
important processes. Annealing has to be done
properly to avoid failures at various
intermediate stages of cold working processes.
The use of trial and error methods is very
expensive with regard to both money and time
along with material loss.
The importance of this project lies in its
effectiveness of reduction of trial and error
methods, material wastage, and time by
determining the optimum pressure to deform
the sheet metal to form the desired shape
without any failures. This is possible because
of analysis of the problem using ANSYS
which eliminates all the disadvantages
associated with conventional methods.
The problem occurring during the press
operations of aluminium sheet metal to get the
desired shape is that the worker has to conduct
the trial and error method to get the correct
amount of pressure at which sheet metal
deforms to desired shape without failures such
as necking, wrinkling, earing or shell fracture.
This increases wastage of sheet metal blanks,
time and labor costs.
The objective of the project is to determine the
optimized pressure for deformation of sheet
metal and compare with theoretical and
practical results. This would result in
formation of utensils without any failures or
fractures like necking, wrinkling or earing
with saving of time and money. Also the
failures can be analyzed by using ANSYS.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Gajanan Industries, Solapur, currently
performs the operations by trial and error
methods for each batch of production until
there are no failures associated with the
formed product. These failures may be like
wrinkling, cracking or earing. There is no
standard pressure set for any of the product
and hence trial and errors are performed for
obtaining successful draws.
For the theoretical approach of the study by
Sharma, the design process of the punch and
die and the pressure required, is adopted [1].](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/journalofjournalofmechatronicsandautomation1vol3issue3-170217101123/85/Journal-of-Mechatronics-and-Automation-vol-3-issue-3-14-320.jpg)
![JoMA (2016) 34-38 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 34
Journal of Mechatronics and Automation
ISSN: 2455-1988(online)
Volume 3, Issue 3
www.stmjournals.com
A Review: Distortion Control in 20MnMoNi55 Material
Using GTAW and SAW Process
Vivek Ubhadiya*, G.D. Acharya
Department of Production Engineering, Atmiya Institute of Technology, Rajkot, Gujarat, India
Abstract
Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is high quality and high precision welding process which is
suitable for welding thin metals. Inert gases such as helium and argon, carbon dioxide,
nitrogen etc. are used as shielding gases to prevent the weld bead from air, dust and other
contaminations in welding. There are so many welding process parameters affecting the weld
quality in GTAW. Important process parameters which mainly affect the weld quality are;
welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, gas flow rate, heat input, and specimen
thickness. Important quality parameters in GTAW process are depth of penetration and weld
bead geometry. Depth of penetration and weld bead width, both are affected by welding
speed. As welding speed increases, depth of penetration increases but weld’s bead width
decreases. The weld joint quality can be assessed in terms of weld bead geometry, mechanical
properties and distortion. Different shielding gases can give its effect on the weld penetration.
This paper covers a review of different shielding gas proportions and their effect on the weld
penetration. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a process that uses an arc between a
covered electrode and a weld pool to accomplish the weld. As the welder steadily feeds the
covered electrode into the weld pool, the decomposition of the covering evolves gases that
shield the pool. The process is used without the application of pressure, and with filler metal
from the covered electrode. The sound weld metal deposited by the process is used not only
for joining, but also for applying a functional surface to metal products. In welding booths
and shops, the linear metal rod with a covering is commonly referred to as a stick and the
shielded metal arc welding process is popularly referred to as stick electrode welding.
Keywords: SMAW, GTAW, process parameter, mechanical property
INTRODUCTION
Welding is fabrication process for joining
materials, by the application of heat due to an
electric arc created between electrode and base
metal. Significant impact of welding has been
made on large number of industries due to
their raising operational competence and
output of plant. Welding has capacity to use in
any position such as horizontal, flat, vertical
(up and down) and overhead [1]. Generally,
constant current and constant voltage power
supplies are available for use in welding of the
materials. An electric arc is directly related to
voltage and amount of heat generated related
to current [2]. Gas tungsten arc welding is
manual welding process in which non-
consumable tungsten electrode, an inert gas
and a filler rod is used. GTAW process is in
particular preferred forth in materials due to
characterizing a stable arc, high weld quality,
better dependability, smooth finishing and
high productivity [3]. Many factors affect the
strength of weld joint and material around the
mare heat input, weldability of base material,
filler material, arc voltage and design of joint
[4]. Aluminum is most abundant metal of low
density and corrosion resistant property due to
phenomenon of passivation. GTAW is
preferred to weld aluminum alloy at low
voltage. Aluminum and its alloys have
applications to make structural components of
aerospace industry, ship building, vehicle
bodies, mine skips and pressure vessels [5].
Aluminum has another property of recycling
without any loss of its natural qualities.
GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING
PROCESS
Gas tungsten arc welding is high quality, high
precision and economic process, that produces](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/journalofjournalofmechatronicsandautomation1vol3issue3-170217101123/85/Journal-of-Mechatronics-and-Automation-vol-3-issue-3-15-320.jpg)
Journal of Mechatronics and Automation vol 3 issue 3
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- 4. Gargi Asha Jha Manager (Publications) PUBLICATION MANAGEMENT TEAM Internal Members External Members Bimlesh Lochab Assistant Professor Department of Chemistry School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Rajiv Prakash Professor and Coordinator School of Materials Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Applied Chemistry BIT Mesra, Patna, Bihar, India Prof. S. Ramaprabhu Alternative Energy and Nanotechnology Technology Laboratory, Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology, Chennai Tamil Nadu, India Himani Pandey Isha Chandra Senior Associate Editors Dr. Yog Raj Sood Dean (Planning and Development) Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur Himachal Pradesh, India Prof. Chris Cannings Professor, School of Mathematics and Statistics University of Sheffield, Sheffield United Kingdom Dr. D. K. Vijaykumar MS, MCh (Surgical Oncology), Professor and Head Department of Surgical Oncology Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre Ponekkara, Cochin, Kerala, India Dr. Durgadas Naik Associate Professor (Microbiology) Management and Science University, University Drive, Seksyen13 Selangor, Malaysia Prof. José María Luna Ariza Department of Computer Sciences and Numerical Analysis Campus of Rabanales University of Córdoba, Spain Dr. Khaiser Nikam Professor, Library and Information Science Department of Library and Information Science University of Mysore Mysore, India Quaisher J Hossain Senior Editor Group Managing Editor Dr. Archana Mehrotra Managing Director CELNET, Delhi, India Meenakshi Tripathi Shivani Sharma Chairman Mr. Puneet Mehrotra Director Shambhavi Mishra Associate Editors Sugandha Mishra
- 5. Prof. Priyavrat Thareja Director Principal Rayat Institute of Engineering and Information Technology Punjab, India Dr. Baldev Raj Director, National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science campus Bangalore Karnataka, India Former Director Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, India Dr. Pankaj Poddar Senior Scientist Physical and Materials Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory Pune, Maharastra India Prof. D. N. Rao Professor and Head Department of Biochemistry All India Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi, India Dr. Nandini Chatterjee Singh Additional Professor National Brain Research Centre Manesar, Gurgaon Haryana, India Dr. Ashish Runthala Lecturer, Biological Sciences Group Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Rajasthan, India Dr. Bankim Chandra Ray Professor and Ex-Head of the Department Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Odisha, India Prof. Yuwaraj Marotrao Ghugal Professor and Head Department of Applied Mechanics Government College of Engineering Vidyanagar, Karad Maharashtra, India Dr. Hardev Singh Virk Visiting Professor, Department of Physics University of SGGS World University Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India Former Director Research DAV Institute of Engineering and Technology Jallandhar, India Dr. Shrikant Balkisan Dhoot Senior Research Scientist, Reliance Industries Limited, Mumbai, India Former Head (Research and Development) Nurture Earth R&D Pvt Ltd., MIT Campus Beed Bypass Road, Aurangabad Maharashtra, India STM JOURNALS ADVISORY BOARD
- 6. Dr. Rakesh Kumar Assistant Professor Department of Applied Chemistry Birla Institute of Technology Patna, Bihar, India Prof. Subash Chandra Mishra Professor Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering National Institute of Technology, Rourkela Odisha, India Dr. Shankargouda Patil Assistant Professor Department of Oral Pathology KLE Society's Institute of Dental Sciences Bangalore, Karnataka, India Prof. Sundara Ramaprabhu Professor Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology Madras Chennai, Tamil Nadu India Dr. Baskar Kaliyamoorthy Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology, Trichy Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India STM JOURNALS ADVISORY BOARD
- 7. Editorial Board Dibakar Bandopadhya Assistant Professor, Indian Institute of Technology Guahati, India. Rajeev Jain Head of Department Mechanical Engineering Kalaniketan Polytechnic College Jabalpur Madhya Pradesh India, India. Satyabodh M Kulkarni Professor ,Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, India. Raman Bedi Associate Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, India. Nirmal Baran Hui Associate Professor ,Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of Technology Durgapur, India. Dr. S M. Kulkarni Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, NITK Surathkal, Karnataka. Dr. Navin Karanth P Asst. Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, NITK Surathkal, Karnataka. Dr. Raghunandan Bhat Professor, Dept. of Mechatronics Engineering, MIT, Manipal. Dr. S Meenatchisundaram Asso. Professor,Dept. of Instrumentation and Control Engg. MIT, Manipal. Dr. Vijay Desai Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering NITK Surathkal, Karnataka. Dr. Srikanth Bontha Asst. Professor,Dept. of Mechanical Engineering NITK Surathkal, Karnataka. Dr. Jeyaraj P Asst. Professor,Dept. of Mechanical Engineering NITK Surathka, Karnataka. Dr. Nrip Jeet Associate Professor , Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, NH-15,Gurdaspur, Punjab, India. M. K. Pradhan Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal.
- 8. Dr. Siddaraju C Department of Mechanical Engineering, M.S.R.I.T, Bangalore. Ramesh S Asst. Professor, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, R V College of Engineering, Bangalore. Chetan Patel Mechanical engineering, RK University, Kasturbadham Rajkot, Gujarat, India. Editorial Board
- 9. It is my privilege to present the print version of the [Volume 3, Issue 3] of our Journal of Mechatronics and Automation (JoMA), 2016. The intension of JoMA Journal is to create an atmospherethatstimulatesvision,researchandgrowth intheareaofMechanicalEngineering. Timely publication, honest communication, comprehensive editing and trust with authors and readers have been the hallmark of our journals. STM Journals provide a platform for scholarly research articles to be published in journals of international standards. STM journals strive to publish qualitypaperinrecordtime,makingitaleaderinserviceandbusiness offerings. The aim and scope of STM Journals is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high level learning, teaching andresearchinalltheScientific,TechnicalandMedicaldomains. Finally, I express my sincere gratitude to our Editorial/ Reviewer board, Authors and publication team for their continued support and invaluable contributions and suggestions in the form of authoring write ups/reviewing and providing constructive comments for the advancement of the journals.With regards to their due continuous support and co-operation, we have been able to publish qualityResearch/Reviewsfindingsfor our customersbase. Ihopeyouwillenjoyreadingthisissue andwewelcomeyourfeedbackonanyaspectof theJournal. Dr.ArchanaMehrotra ManagingDirector STM Journals Director's Desk STM JOURNALS
- 10. 1. A Brief Description of Vibration and Noise Control in Vehicles Bhanu Prakash Panwar 1 2. Evolution of Structural Dynamic Modeling Technique for Airborne Chassis K. Jagadisan, P. Bangaru Babu 12 3. Multi-Module Intelligent Wheelchair Nehal Dash, Sanghamitra Debta 18 4. Failure Analysis of Sheet Metal Utensils during Deep Drawing Process Kumbhar Siddharaj V., Sonage B.K. 27 5. A Review: Distortion Control in 20MnMoNi55 Material Using GTAW and SAW Process Vivek Ubhadiya, G.D. Acharya 34 ContentsJournal of Mechatronics and Automation
- 11. JoMA (2016) 1-11 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1 Journal of Mechatronics and Automation ISSN: 2455-1988(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com A Brief Description of Vibration and Noise Control in Vehicles Bhanu Prakash Panwar* Department of Mechanical Engineering, H.R. Institute of Technology, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India Abstract In the following paper, the advanced and present state of the art technologies in vehicle’s noise and vibrations control are described. Designers and manufacturers have to dedicate the majority of their skills in ensuring that a vehicle is stable in terms of generated noise and vibration furthermore vehicle manufacturer always pay attention to the global competition of their product, stick to government regulations and rider comfort while casting or designing vehicle and accessory components. Previously NVC (Noise and Vibration Control) is calibrated manually but at present designers can take the assistance of advanced computer aided techniques and designing software like (AutoCADD 2D/3D) in order to be confident enough that the illustrated design of the vehicle is optimized for the best class comfort with less noise and vibration. In this paper, initially introduction of NVC is provided followed by the aspect of its generation, effects and remedies. A sight of possible future development and research in this field also suggested. Keywords: Factor of noise and vibration, Vibration analysis and forms of vibration, Vibration factor, Damping ratio, Damping classification, Noise generation, Methods of noise reduction INTRODUCTION There has been a continuous growth in the research and development in the different corners of the automobile industry. Engineering from past onwards always tends to derive quality innovations that are being implemented in automobile nevertheless the whole credit does not belongs to the field of engineering alone illustrated softwares like computer aided techniques also act as an imperative tool in case of the design process by reducing the human efforts. Design analysis also provides many engineering solutions where designs can be affected without the presence of manufacturing prototypes. Softwares and equipment developed to detect the vibration response of automobile engine, gearbox assembly or any other components and also noise radiated external components like chassis system or wheels. Countless approach has been used for the analysis of stress induced in the component due to static and dynamic load experienced by it. In response, the structural components also react dynamically to the loads, which is defined or measured in terms of vibrations. If the process of vibration commences to the structure than the air molecules next to it impart oscillatory motion and then it propagates the energy as longitudinal sound waves which are easily audible to the driver or passenger. The goal of a designer is to eradicate these generated sounds which are easily noticed or heard. A process of continuous assessment is always in action which evaluates the performance of each vehicle in terms of noise level they generate and vehicle’s performing away from the stipulated described method are examined and rectify their shortcomings [1]. NOISE AND VIBRATION FACTOR INFLUENCE TO A VEHICLE Vehicle noise and vibration performance is an important vehicle design validation criterion since it significantly influences the overall performance of a vehicle. Noise and vibration not only affect the comfort level of the driver but also initiate stress, fatigue and feeling of insecurity. While on the other hand it significantly affects the mechanical components of a vehicle. Mechanical vibrations generate in both the cases of
- 12. JoMA (2016) 12-17 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 12 Journal of Mechatronics and Automation ISSN: 2455-1988(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com Evolution of Structural Dynamic Modeling Technique for Airborne Chassis K. Jagadisan, P. Bangaru Babu Research Centre Imarat (RCI)-DRDO, National Institute of Technology-Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India Abstract To estimate random vibration response of airborne chassis finite element method is used as a tool. For making an appropriate requirement to determine the design requirement of the package for a designer the point of accuracy is very much linked to this prophecy. The modeling practices which are used in FEM are linked to attain preciseness in any considered prediction. Preciseness of a particular FE model is inclined with appropriate consideration of material properties and boundary conditions. Two types of chassis have been modeled in test and software to gain more accurateness in comparison with different modifications. The two main challenges in the present investigation are particularly concentrated. For considering material properties conventional method has been established. By the investigation done on FE model the input rotational stiffness has been given to it. Different mounting arrangements have been formed for two chassis which are investigated to find out rotational stiffness and damping values. The two key factors in the investigation include proper assessment of material properties which will give the correct modeling practice for chassis which is genuine in its steadiness. The design appropriateness of chassis in random vibration analysis will make it simpler for any electronic packaging designer. Keywords: Electronic packaging, Finite element analysis of Chassis, Chassis boundary conditions INTRODUCTION The concert of significant roles like guidance, navigation, control etc. in airborne vehicles will mostly show the existence of electronic packages. The electronic packages will face many problems in vibration which is an obstruction to the functionality of the chassis which are related to these packages. The prediction of maximum vibration response achieved by chassis should be checked in the design stage itself so as to confirm it is well within limits. To avoid the failure of any electronic component in the package the counter action should be instigated to remove the probability of failure. In general finite element method (FEM) is used as a tool to meet this criterion. The proximity of vibration response is seen in FEM which will allow making proper adjustment where the accurateness of the FE model is maintained well and it depends on the correct selection of modeling practice. The simulations of finite element analysis of electronic packages are typically designed in tough environments. Shell elements have been created here with a single quad element with four nodes completely to generate the geometry on the chassis. The thickness can be varied by the use of shell elements which will also decrease the number of nodes created on the chassis. To develop the mass compliance matrix the usage of shell elements gives us the proper information [1]. In element selection 2D solid element is chosen for the body of the package in finite element analysis. Solid 45 elements have been chosen. The two types of mesh is been used in the meshing process. For meshing on chassis free meshing method is used. One directional material property has been chosen for all block regions. Inconsistencies will occur in the generalization of material property, although if the consistency is been within the range then the FE model is acceptable [2]. The edge rotational stiffness and resultant response can
- 13. JoMA (2016) 18-26 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 18 Journal of Mechatronics and Automation ISSN: 2455-1988(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com Multi-Module Intelligent Wheelchair Nehal Dash*, Sanghamitra Debta Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India Abstract In this modern world, automation turned into the essential reason for any new gadget. In the vast majority of the gadgets and types of equipment, MEMS go about as a compelling mix according to necessities. MEMS and sensor based wheelchair in particular “IntelliWheelZ” that gives the distinctively capable individuals with an answer for self-sufficient motion both at indoor and open air conditions. IntelliWheelZ is a minimal effort multi-segmental battery worked independent wheelchair with straightforward easy to understand ergonomics. IntelliWheelZ comprises of four modules or segments. Firstly, MEMS is most appropriate for those sort of debilitate individuals who have any one working joint in their body. Furthermore, voice recognition segment permits the wheel seat to proceed onward the premise of voice order sustained into it according to necessity. Remote control system is the third segment that controls the movement of wheel seat through switches of a remote controlled gadget on the standard of remote detecting and transfer circuit. Last segment of the wheel seat is the obstacle sensing and detection mechanism that faculties and recognizes the snag on the way and maintains a strategic distance from the wheel seat from mishaps. Consolidating every one of these modules the aggregate use of IntelliWheelZ is under 10% of the cost of autonomous and powered wheelchairs instantly accessible in the market. Consequently the automatic portability and its minimal cost permit us to say: “IntelliWheelZ”—A MEMS based multi segmental low cost autonomous wheel chair for successful indoor and outdoor mobility. Keywords: MEM sensor, electromyogram signals, voice recognition system, obstacle sensing and detection mechanism and autonomous navigation (remote control system) INTRODUCTION The plan, execution, design and implementation of a sensor and control framework to bolster the user of a robotized automated mechanical- electrical (electromechanical) MEMS and sensor-based wheelchair regarding route and obstacle location has been the goal of the “IntelliWheelZ”. This incorporates acknowl- edgment of functionalities, like: A MEMS based Autonomous wheel chair provides a firm solution to the most common form of disability, i.e. the disability in movement, by allowing the differently able persons to move independently from one place to other both at indoor and outdoor conditions. Autonomous control of the electric wheelchair with the help of body joint movements by the MEMS and other smart sensors. Reliable avoidance of obstacles, including concave obstacles, like descending stairs or holes, The main objective behind creating the working model of the project was to make a compact and easy to operate product for disables. MEMS is the first segment of IntelliWheelZ. This MEMS is best suited for those kind of disable people who are able to move only one joint in their body as in the neck muscles, any hand or leg finger joints, wrist joint, arm joint etc. Any one of the working joint in the whole body will allow the person to move in this wheel chair with MEMS module. The basic use of this sensor is used as accelerometer and motion sensors in embedded mobile applications. Voice Recognition system allows the wheel chair to move on the basis of voice commands. In this VR system 99 voice commands can be fed as per requirement like left, right, stop, etc., in any language. It shows
- 14. JoMA (2016) 27-33 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 27 Journal of Mechatronics and Automation ISSN: 2455-1988(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com Failure Analysis of Sheet Metal Utensils during Deep Drawing Process Kumbhar Siddharaj V.*, Sonage B.K. Department of Mechanical Engineering, N.K. Orchid College of Engineering and Technology, Solapur, Maharashtra, India Abstract Sheet metal is one of the most important semi-finished products used in the steel industry, and sheet metal forming technology is therefore an important engineering discipline within the area of mechanical engineering. Deep drawing process is used for manufacturing the utensils from sheet metal. The sheet metal forming process to a large extent is based on experience, rules of thumb and trial-error experiments with or without use of scientifically based engineering methods. Trial-error experiments are very expensive with regard to both, money and time along with material. Therefore, development of both, theoretical and experimental engineering methods is very much needed. The objective of the project is to compare the theoretical and analytical results with the experimental. Also the prediction of failures can be done after simulation in ANSYS. The theoretical limitations can be taken into consideration after evaluation of practical results. Keywords: Sheet metal, deep drawing process, trial-error experiments, simulation in ANSYS INTRODUCTION In sheet metal industries, where products are manufactured by adopting processes right from melting of scrap to cold working and up to press operation, annealing is one of the important processes. Annealing has to be done properly to avoid failures at various intermediate stages of cold working processes. The use of trial and error methods is very expensive with regard to both money and time along with material loss. The importance of this project lies in its effectiveness of reduction of trial and error methods, material wastage, and time by determining the optimum pressure to deform the sheet metal to form the desired shape without any failures. This is possible because of analysis of the problem using ANSYS which eliminates all the disadvantages associated with conventional methods. The problem occurring during the press operations of aluminium sheet metal to get the desired shape is that the worker has to conduct the trial and error method to get the correct amount of pressure at which sheet metal deforms to desired shape without failures such as necking, wrinkling, earing or shell fracture. This increases wastage of sheet metal blanks, time and labor costs. The objective of the project is to determine the optimized pressure for deformation of sheet metal and compare with theoretical and practical results. This would result in formation of utensils without any failures or fractures like necking, wrinkling or earing with saving of time and money. Also the failures can be analyzed by using ANSYS. LITERATURE REVIEW The Gajanan Industries, Solapur, currently performs the operations by trial and error methods for each batch of production until there are no failures associated with the formed product. These failures may be like wrinkling, cracking or earing. There is no standard pressure set for any of the product and hence trial and errors are performed for obtaining successful draws. For the theoretical approach of the study by Sharma, the design process of the punch and die and the pressure required, is adopted [1].
- 15. JoMA (2016) 34-38 © STM Journals 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 34 Journal of Mechatronics and Automation ISSN: 2455-1988(online) Volume 3, Issue 3 www.stmjournals.com A Review: Distortion Control in 20MnMoNi55 Material Using GTAW and SAW Process Vivek Ubhadiya*, G.D. Acharya Department of Production Engineering, Atmiya Institute of Technology, Rajkot, Gujarat, India Abstract Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) is high quality and high precision welding process which is suitable for welding thin metals. Inert gases such as helium and argon, carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc. are used as shielding gases to prevent the weld bead from air, dust and other contaminations in welding. There are so many welding process parameters affecting the weld quality in GTAW. Important process parameters which mainly affect the weld quality are; welding current, arc voltage, welding speed, gas flow rate, heat input, and specimen thickness. Important quality parameters in GTAW process are depth of penetration and weld bead geometry. Depth of penetration and weld bead width, both are affected by welding speed. As welding speed increases, depth of penetration increases but weld’s bead width decreases. The weld joint quality can be assessed in terms of weld bead geometry, mechanical properties and distortion. Different shielding gases can give its effect on the weld penetration. This paper covers a review of different shielding gas proportions and their effect on the weld penetration. Shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) is a process that uses an arc between a covered electrode and a weld pool to accomplish the weld. As the welder steadily feeds the covered electrode into the weld pool, the decomposition of the covering evolves gases that shield the pool. The process is used without the application of pressure, and with filler metal from the covered electrode. The sound weld metal deposited by the process is used not only for joining, but also for applying a functional surface to metal products. In welding booths and shops, the linear metal rod with a covering is commonly referred to as a stick and the shielded metal arc welding process is popularly referred to as stick electrode welding. Keywords: SMAW, GTAW, process parameter, mechanical property INTRODUCTION Welding is fabrication process for joining materials, by the application of heat due to an electric arc created between electrode and base metal. Significant impact of welding has been made on large number of industries due to their raising operational competence and output of plant. Welding has capacity to use in any position such as horizontal, flat, vertical (up and down) and overhead [1]. Generally, constant current and constant voltage power supplies are available for use in welding of the materials. An electric arc is directly related to voltage and amount of heat generated related to current [2]. Gas tungsten arc welding is manual welding process in which non- consumable tungsten electrode, an inert gas and a filler rod is used. GTAW process is in particular preferred forth in materials due to characterizing a stable arc, high weld quality, better dependability, smooth finishing and high productivity [3]. Many factors affect the strength of weld joint and material around the mare heat input, weldability of base material, filler material, arc voltage and design of joint [4]. Aluminum is most abundant metal of low density and corrosion resistant property due to phenomenon of passivation. GTAW is preferred to weld aluminum alloy at low voltage. Aluminum and its alloys have applications to make structural components of aerospace industry, ship building, vehicle bodies, mine skips and pressure vessels [5]. Aluminum has another property of recycling without any loss of its natural qualities. GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING PROCESS Gas tungsten arc welding is high quality, high precision and economic process, that produces
- 16. conducted Ch Instrumentation/ / / Energy Science/ / 22 STMJournals invitesthepapers from the National Conferences, International Conferences, Seminars conducted by Colleges, Universities, Research Organizations etc. for Conference Proceedings and Special Issue. xSpecial Issues come in Online and Printversions. xSTM Journals offers schemes to publish such issues on payment and gratis(online)basisas well. To g e t m o r e i n f o r m a t i o n : stmconferences.com Over 500 Indian and International Subscribers. 30,000 Top Researchers, Scientists, Authors and Editors All Over the WorldAssociated. Editorial/ Reviewer Board Members : . 1000 + 1,00,000 Visitors to STM Website + From 140 CountriesQuarterly. + 10,000 Downloads from STM + Website. GLOBAL READERSHIP STATISTICS STM Journals Empowering knowledge Free Online Registration ISO: 9001Certified (JoMA) / / Science/ September–December 2016 ISSN 2455-1988 (Online) www.stmjournals.com STM JOURNALS Scientific Technical Medical