Latest trends in wireless technology

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Latest Trends in Wireless
Technology
Dr. Mazlan Abbas
[Seminar, UTHM, 28 August, 2013]

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Summary
!  Introduction to the Digital Natives
!  DNA - The Key Drivers
!  The Key Challenges
!  The Traffic Demand
!  The Network Requirements
!  The Technology Trends
!  Summary

+Digital Natives - Webciety
Create Use Live
“We create the Internet” “We live and
breathe in the
Internet”
“We use the Internet”

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1st
Screen
2nd
Screen
3rd
Screen
4th
Screen
5th
Screen
Cinema
Television
Computer
Smartphone
Tablet
Digital
Native
Screen Evolution

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Overview
!  3G Service
!  14.6 M subscriptions [Dec. 2012]
!  82% pop coverage [June 2012]
!  Cellular phone subscriptions
!  41.1 M
!  141.6% per pop [Dec. 2012]
!  Cellular coverage at populated areas
!  96.8% [Dec. 2012]
!  Internet users
!  17.7 M [June 2012]
!  Mobile broadband subscriptions
!  3.3 M [Jan. 2013]
!  Broadband subscriptions
!  6.2 M [Jan. 2013]
!  In 2013, our digital eco-system will
welcome two new service, Hybrid TV –
Digital Terrestrial TV with Internet and
Mobile 4G-LTE

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Future Wireless Access – Key
Challenges

Data Tsunami is coming
•  Currently an exponential growth of mobile data is observed*
•  More advanced devices with more capabilities
(smartphones, tablets, etc), as well as increased
importance of machine generated data result in increased traffic
generation
•  Multi-device ownership, resulting in synchronization of data
between devices
•  Mobile Social Networking and User Generated Contents
* The data amount is doubling annually resulting in 1000× increase in the current decade, for the individual devices this means
performance will increase 100×

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First 20 Quarters Since Launch
Note AOL subscribers data not available before CQ3:94; Netscape users limited to US only. Source: Morgan Stanley Research Estimates, April 2010
Subscribers (MM)
Q1 Q3 Q5 Q7 Q9 Q11 Q13 Q15 Q17 Q19
20
40
60
80
100
0
Mobile Internet
Quarters Since Launch
Desktop Internet
It’s Happening Fast !

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Global Mobile vs. Desktop Internet User Projection, 2007 – 2015E
Internet Users(MM)
400
800
1,200
1,600
2,000
0
2007E 2008E 2009E 2010E 2011E 2012E 2013E 2014E 2015E
Mobile Internet Users
Desktop Internet Users
Source: Morgan Stanley Research Estimates, April 2010
The Trend is Irreversible

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Annual global IP traffic will surpass the
zettabyte threshold (1.4 zettabytes) by the
End of 2017

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Global IP traffic has increased more than fourfold in
the past 5 years, and will increase threefold over
the next 5 years.

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Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) will
carry over half of Internet traffic in 2017.

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Nearly half of all IP traffic will originate
with non-PC devices by 2017
16%
PC
24%
TV
79%
Mobile
Phones
82%
M2M
104%
Tablets

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10GBAverage'data'usage'per'month'
548GBHighest'user'consump4on'record''in'1'month'
600Concurrent'users'per'site''
1,700TBAverage'monthly'network'traﬃc'
Over 57%Rich'Media'ac4vi4es'on'P1’s'network'
Beyond Email. Beyond Voice
[SOURCE: Michael Lai Keynote Speech,WiMAX Forum SEA Regional Focus Conference 2010]

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Traffic Equivalents*
1 Laptop= 15 Smartphones = 450 Voice Handsets
A Network Optimized for Mobile Voice
Cannot Handle High Numbers of Mobile
Internet Users
[ Source: Cisco, 2009]
KDDI Confirms LTE Migration Plan
But Will Use WiMAX and WIFI too
KDDI’s&President&and&Chairman,&Tadashi&
Onodera&stated&at&GSMA&Mobile&Asia&Congress&
2010 &&
TeleGeography,Comms,
Update,
Wed,,17,Nov,2010,
LTE will not be sufficient to cope with such
huge data demands so we also need to use
other technologies such as WiMAX and WiFi
Mobile Data Crunch

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20!
Create
High-Performance
UMPCLaptop
Laptop DIGI-Cam
Carry&Edit
TV
UMPC
UMD
eBook
Navigation
Dual Mode
HandsetPMPUMPC
Navigation
Modem
View
In-Car
Entertainment
Gateway
MP3
Player
Palm
Pocket
Game PMP
Fixed &
In Vehicle
Briefcase Handbag
Backpack
Information
ConsumerCreator
Device Ecosystem

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The Habits of Online Newspaper
Readers
[http://online.wsj.com]

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User Interface Transformation

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What’s the Next UI?
Leap Motion Air Gesture
Moto-X Touchless Control

Android Market
App Store
Blackberry App
World
Ovi Store -
Nokia
PlayNow Arena
– Sony Ericsson
PocketGear
App Store
Samsung App
Store
Symbian Apps
Telus Mobility
App Store
Verizon Media
Store
Windows
Marketplace
Mobile
App Stores

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Data ARPU increase
Consumers increasingly want to
access the same Internet
content and services on their
mobile phones that they can
from fixed access/PCs

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Impact ofYouTube
800 Million+ Monthly Unique Visitors
•  That’s more than the entire population of
Europe!
72 Hours+ Video Uploaded Per Minute
•  That’s over a decade of content every day!
4 Billion Hours of Video Viewed Each
Month
•  That’s over 450,000 years of video viewed each
month!

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The Social Media Effect
User
Generated
Contents

+YouTube Phenomenon
1% Rule
(Internet Culture)
One will create content, 10 will
"interact" with it (commenting or
offering improvements) and the
other 89 will just view it.
90-9-1 Principle
1% of people create content, 9%
edit or modify that content, and
90% view the content without
contributing.
[Sysomos analyzed over 2.5 million YouTube videos that were embedded in blog posts between July and December
2009.]
Net Traffic Exponential
Growth!

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Never Ending Battle for “Networks Superiority”
Which is More Superior?

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The Future is Heterogeneous
Spectrum
Deployment
Technology
GSM, HSPA,
LTE,WiFi
Macro – Outdoor
Micro / Pico - Indoor
3G WiFi LTE

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Source: Morgan Stanley Mobile Internet Report Dec ‘09
1,000,000
100,000
10,000
100
10
1
1000
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Devices/Users
Mainframe
Minicomputer
PC
Desktop
Internet
10B+
Connected
Devices+1B
+100M
+10M
+1M
Mobile
Internet
Source: Rysavy Research Feb;10
Mobile Internet CapacityGbytes
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Capacity,
Demand,
Capacity,,
Supply,
The Mobile Internet Creating New
Challenges For Carriers

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Traffic Grows Explosively But Not
the Revenue
Mobile data traffic will increase
1000 times in 10 years
Profit per bit will continuously
decrease in the future years

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Disruptive Transformation
The Changing World of Mobile
Internet
Bandwidth Applications
• Higher quality-of-experience
• Higher sessions and session rates
• New monetization models
“Pipe Provider” “Value-Added Provider”

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To Design Wireless Network of The Future
We Need to Understand the Traffic
Requirements

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Unbalanced Traffic Distribution
!  Imbalance between the terminal type: in 2010, smart
phone’s global penetration rate is 13%, while it contribute
78% traffic load from the mobile device
!  Geographic imbalance: in 2009, more than 50% mobile
service happened at home/office; while this percentage is
63% in China. Most of the data service happens in low
mobility indoor and dense urban
!  Monthly basic mobile phone data traffic
!  Smartphone = 24 x phone
!  Handheld Gaming Console = 60 x phone
!  Tablet = 122 x phone
!  Laptop = 515 x phone

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Information Access
!  The “paperless society” will
have a huge impact on
networks:
•  media will be
consumed in portable
devices;
•  daily commuters will
need a lot of
information on an
instantaneous basis.

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Devices of Tomorrow are Wearable

Location Awareness
•  Location based services are being introduced these days, upon user
demand.
•  The opposite way may be introduced, i.e., the environment being aware
that the user is present.

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Internet of Things
!  Today’s systems are based on a person being the end user
!  Future systems must consider machine-to-machine (M2M)
communications as being potentially more important
!  Sensor networks are emerging as one of the “killer” network
structures of the future.
“By 2020,You'll Own 50 Internet-
Connected Devices”

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Power Consumption Plays an
Important Role in OPEX
High CAPEX/OPEX of RAN result
from BS equipment room

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Challenges and Requirements for
Future
!  Explosive growth of mobile
data traffic
!  Unbalanced DL and UL traffic
!  Huge power consumption
!  Spectrum Fragmentation
!  Low-band spectrum used
!  Higher data rate / Higher
spectrum Efficiency
!  Flexible adaptation of DL/UL
traffic
!  Better energy savings
!  Efficient utilization of un-
paired spectrum
!  More usable spectrum
Challenges Requirements

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Key Requirements and Technology
Directions to be Considered
!  Significant gain in spectrum efficiency per area (bps/Hz/m2)
with significant reduction in cost per bit (500 – 1000x traffic
by 2020’s)
!  Emerging solutions to deal with traffic explosion
!  Traffic offloading
!  Offloading strategies tuned to applications and scenarios
!  Network density
!  Technical trends such as multi-layer cell deployment
!  Network architecture to reduce cost per bit

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Requirements from User
Perspective
!  Higher data rate and user-experienced throughput
!  Data rate competitive to that of future wired networks
!  Gbps-order everywhere
!  Low latency for improving user experience
!  Fairness of user throughput
!  In a cell
!  Improve cell-edge throughput
!  Among cells
!  Urban to rural
!  Digital divide
!  Among users
!  Light-weight users impact from few heavy users

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Requirements from Operator
Perspective
!  Flexible, easy, and cost-efficient operation
!  For diverse spectrum allocation
!  Efficient utilization of higher/wider frequency bands
!  For diverse environments and network nodes/devices with
different types of backhauling
!  Femto, Mesh, Relay, etc.
!  For diverse types of services, user devices, and communication
methodologies
!  Thin client, Cloud, etc.
!  Energy saving (Green)
!  Reduction in joule per bit
!  System robustness

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© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2012
•  1G: analogue systems from 1980s (e.g.
NMT, AMPS,TACS, C-Netz)
•  2G: first digital systems of 1990s (e.g.
GSM, CDMA One, PDC, D-AMPS)
•  3G: IMT-2000 family defined by ITU-R
(e.g. UMTS, CDMA2000)
•  4G: fulfilling requirements of IMT-
Advanced defined by ITU-R (e.g. LTE-A,
WiMAX)
•  5G: ?
•  too early to be a topic in
standardization, further 4G
enhancements expected before
driven by requirements from
customers & network operators
restricted by spectrum limitations
often influenced by new
technologies/applications
Evolution of Mobile Communication Systems

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Evolution of Wireless Technologies

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© 3GPP 2012
© 3GPP 2012
1999
Release 99
Release 5
Release 6
HSDPA
W-CDMA
Release 4 LCR TDD
HSUPA, MBMS
Release 7 HSPA+ (MIMO, etc.)
Release 8 LTE
Release 9
Release 10
LTE
enhancements
Release 12
ITU-R M.1457
IMT-2000 Recommendation
ITU-R M.2012 [IMT.RSPEC]
IMT-Advanced Recommendation
3GPP work is structured in releases
(REL) of 1-3 years duration
each release consists of several work
items (WI) and study items (SI)
even if a REL is completed corrections
are possible later
existing features of one REL can be
enhanced in a future REL
2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011
???
LTE-Advanced
Further LTE
Release 11 enhancements
3GPP aligned to ITU-R IMT process
3GPP Releases evolve to meet:
•
•
Future Requirements for IMT
Future operator and end-user
requirements
only main
RAN WI listed
now 2013 2015
Release schedule & RAN features

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•  REL-9: mainly addition of LCS (Location service) & MBMS
(Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service) & enhancement of others
(e.g. SON, HeNB)
•  Main motivation to introduce LTE-A in REL-10:
•  IMT-Advanced standardization process in ITU-R for 4G
•  Additional IMT spectrum band identified in WRC07
•  LTE-Advanced (REL-10/11 ...) is an evolution of LTE (REL-8/9), i.e.
LTE-Advanced is backwards compatible with LTE
© 3GPP 2012
LTE Rel-8 cell
LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal
LTE-Advanced cell
LTE Rel-8 terminal LTE-Advanced terminal
An LTE-Advanced terminal can
work in an LTE Rel-8 cell
An LTE Rel-8 terminal can work
in an LTE-Advanced cell
LTE-Advanced contains all
features of LTE Rel-8 & 9 and
additional features for further
evoluton
LTE target::
peak data rates:
DL: 100Mbps
UL: 50Mbps
TS 25.913
LTE-A target::
peak data rates:
DL: 1Gbps
UL: 500Mbps
TS 36.913
From LTE to LTE-Advanced

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E-UTRA
Operating
band
Uplink (UL)
Operating
Band
BS Receive
UE
Transmit
Downlink
(DL)
Operating
Band
BS
Transmit
UE Receive
Duplex Mode Channel
Bandwidths
Approximate Center
Frequency
1 1920 MHz to
1980 MHz
2110 MHz to
2170 MHz
FDD 5, 10, 15, 20 2100 MHz
2 1920 MHz to
1980 MHz
1930 MHz to
1990 MHz
FDD 1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15,
20
1900 MHz
3 1710 MHz to
1785 MHz
1805 MHz to
1880 MHz
FDD 1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15,
20
1800 MHz
4 1710 MHz to
1755 MHz
2110 MHz to
2155 MHz
FDD 1, 4, 3, 5, 10, 15,
20
1700 MHz
5 824 MHz to
849 MHz
869 MHz to
894 MHz
FDD 1, 4, 3, 5, 10 850 MHz
6 830 MHz to
840 MHz
875 MHz to
885 MHz
FDD 5, 10 850 MHz
7 2500 MHz to
2570 MHz
2620 MHz to
2690 MHz
FDD 5, 10, 15, 20 2600 MHz
8 to 44
Frequency Bands and Channel
Bandwidths
Celcom (May 2013)
Maxis (April 2013)
Celcom (April 2013)
Maxis (Jan 2013)
Digi (July 2013-
Planned)
[Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-UTRA]

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Release 12
3GPP time plan for REL-12 (decided in TSG #56 in June 2012):
•  Start: Sept. 2012 (TSG #57)
•  Stage 1 (requirements) freeze: March 2013 (TSG #59)
•  Stage 2 (functional description) freeze: Dec. 2013 (TSG #62)
•  Stage 3 (all details) freeze: June 2013 (TSG #64)
RAN Workshop on REL-12 & onwards held in June 11-12, 2012 in LlublJana, Slovenia:
•  About 250 participants
•  42 presentations (http://www.3gpp.org/3GPP-News) from leading network operators
and manufacturers
•  Scope:
•  Requirements
•  Potential technologies
•  Technology roadmap for Release 12, 13 and afterwards
(Note:Workshop covered also UMTS but inly LTE is considered here)

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Requirements for RAN in REL-12
!  Capacity increase to cope with
traffic explosion
!  Energy savings
!  Cost efficiency
!  Support for diverse application
and traffic type
!  Higher user experience/data
rate
!  Backhaul enhancement
!  2010 " 2020: 500x more
smartphones %& tablets; most
data traffic indoor
!  Network operations/expanding
costs, eNB/UE power
consumption
!  New apps, M2M interworking,
public safety
!  User expects higher data rate
for similar costs
!  Can become bottleneck with
larger data traffic increase
Requirements Impact

+Potential Technologies identified by REL-12
Workshop
!  A great majority showed interest in Small Cell Enhancement
for LTE.Technologies proposed by many members:
!  Interference coordination / management
!  Dynamic TDD
!  Enhanced discovery / mobility
!  Frequency separation between macro and small cells with higher
frequency band, e.g. 3.5 GHz band for the small cells
!  Inter site CA / macro cell assisted small cells
!  Allows flexible data rate increase via carrier aggregation
avoiding control signaling in small cells
!  Wireless backhaul for small cell

+Potential Technologies identified by REL-12
Workshop
!  Very clear interest related to LTE Multi-Antenna/site
technologies such as:
!  3D MIMO/beam-forming to allow beam control in both horizontal
and vertical directions
!  New procedures and functionalities for LTE to support
diverse traffic types proposed by many members:
!  Control signaling reduction, etc. antenna array

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Summary
•  Envisaged REL-12 topics (to be completed by June 14):
•  main topic: small cell enhancements cope with data traffic explosion
•  further multi-antenna enhancements (3D MIMO, CoMP enhancements)
•  D2D/public safety, offloading via Wifi, MTC will bring new aspects
•  further enhancements of existing features (e.g. SON, MDT, CA)
•  Future:
•  further 4G enhancements expected before 5G (if 5G then led via ITU)
•  driven by requirements from customers & network operators
•  often triggered by availability of new spectrum and influenced by new
technologies/applications and costs

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THANKYOU
EMAIL: mazlan@gmail.com
TWITTER: mazlan_abbas
FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/drmazlanabbas
LINKEDIN: www.linkedin.com/in/mazlan/
SLIDESHARE: www.slideshare.net/mazlan1
PINTEREST: www.pinterest.com/mazlan

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