Learner language class final for online
- 2. Similar in the interlanguage of learners from different language backgrounds
- 3. The interlanguage continuum consists of a series of overlapping grammars. They share some rules with the previously constructed grammar, but also contains some new or revised rules. 3
- 4. irregular past regular past –ed third person singular –s possessive ‘s -ing (progressive) plural copula (‘to be’) auxiliary (progressive as in ‘He is going’) article
- 5. ROLE OF L1 IN L2 ACQUISITION Learners’ L1 has an influence on acquisition sequences
- 6. Restriction of L2 rule due to absence in L1 Avoidance – a feature in the L2 is so different from the L1 that the learner avoids trying to use it Difficulty in noticing that a feature does not belong to the target language, due to similarities between the languages. The threshold hypothesis 6
- 7. Some reasons for the order:
- 8. QUESTIONS 8 Stage 1 Single words, sentence fragments, formulae Stage 2 No inversion, no fronting, declarative word order
- 9. Stage 3 Do- fronting; wh- fronting, no inversion; other fronting 9
- 10. Stage 4 Inversion in wh- + copula; yes/no questions with other auxiliaries Stage 5 Inversion in wh- with both an auxiliary and a main verb 1 0
- 11. Stage 6 Complex questions Question tag Negative question Embedded question 1 1
- 12. NEGATION 1 2 Stage 1 Negative element (no, not) is placed before the verb or the element being negated. Often, the subject is not there. Stage 2 Alternation of no, not, and unmarked don’t; don’t used with modals)
- 13. Stage 3 Negative element placed after auxiliary verbs. Don’t is still unmarked. Stage 4 Do is marked for tense, person and number. Sometimes, both the auxiliary verb and the principal verb are marked. 1 3
- 14. 1 4 Stage 5 The principal verb is no longer marked.
- 15. •RELATIVE CLAUSES PART OF SPEECH RELATIVE CLAUSE Subject The person who did it was smart. Direct Object The book that I bought was insightful. Indirect Object The teacher whom we nominated won the award. Object of Preposition Here is the person that I traveled with. Possessive This is the girl whose mother abandoned her. Object of Comparison The girl that Francisco is more in love with doesn’t love him.
- 16. •VOCABULARY How do L2 learners learn vocabulary? More difficult than L1 due to limited samples of the language