Lecture 1
- 2. Chapter # 2 C++ Programming Basics Lecture # 1 Instructor: Engr. Afshan Asim
- 3. Objectives C++ Program Structure. Whitespaces Comments Escape Sequences Data Types & Variables Unsigned Types
- 5. Compiler Compiler is a tool that is used to convert/translate human like language into machine language
- 6. Simple C++ Program #include<iostream> using namespace std; void main() { cout<<“This is my 1st C++ program”; system(“pause”); }
- 7. Whitespace #include<iostream> using namespace std; void main() { cout << “This is my 1st C++ program”; system(“pause”); }
- 8. Comments Single Line Comment //This is single line comment Or //This is single //Line comment Multi Line Comment or Block Comment /*This is Multi line Comment*/
- 9. Comments Contd… //demonstrates Comments #include<iostream> using namespace std; //main function void main() { cout<<“This is my 1st C++ program”; system(“pause”); }/* end of program*/
- 10. Common Escape Sequences Escape Sequence Character a Beep b Backspace f Form feed n New line r Return t Tab Backslash ’ Single quotation mark ” Double quotation marks xdd Hexadecimal Notations
- 11. Escape Sequences (Contd…) • cout<<“This isb my first C++ program”; This i my first C++ program • cout<<“This isn my first C++ program”; This is my first C++ program • cout<<“This is my first r C++ program”; C++ programirst • cout<<“This ist my first C++ program”; This is my first C++ program
- 12. Escape Sequences (Contd…) • cout<<“This is my first C++ program”; This is my first C++ program • cout<<“This is’ my first C++ ’ program”; This is ‘ my first C++ ‘ program • cout<<“”This is my first C++ program””; “This is my first C++ program” • cout<<“x128”; <
- 13. Integer Variables Type Bits Range Syntax int (32 bit system) 32 bits -2,147,483,648 2,147,483,647 int var1; int (16 bit system) 16 bits -32,768 32767 int var1; long 32 bits -2,147,483,648 2,147,483,647 long int var1; or long var1; short 16 bits -32,768 32767 short var1;
- 14. Integer Variables //demonstrates integer variables #include<iostream> using namespace std; void main() { int var1; //define var1 int var2=20; //20 is integer constant var1=var2+10; cout<<“value of var1=”<<var1; system(“pause”); }/* end of program*/
- 15. Character Variables & Constants • Character Variable Range: -128 127 Memory: 1 byte (8 bits) • Character Constant Enclosed in single quotation mark e.g. ‘A’ , ‘c’ , ‘2’
- 16. Character Variables & Constants Contd… //Demonstrates Character variables #include<iostream> using namespace std; void main() { char ch1=88; char ch2=‘A’; //’A’ is character constant cout<<ch1<<“n”<<ch2; ch1++; cout<<ch1; system(“pause”); }
- 17. Floating Point Types Type Bits Range Syntax float 4 bytes float var; double 8 bytes double var; long double 10 bytes long double var;
- 18. Floating Point Types (Contd…) //Floating point types #include<iostream> using namespace std; void main() { float f=312.4F; //type float constant with letter F double d=2.34E5; long double l=2.345E10L; //type float constant with letter L cout<<“n Type float:”<<f<<“n Type double”<<d<<“n Type long double”<<l; system(“pause”); }
- 19. Type bool • 1 bit of storage… • Only two values.. 0 and 1 //Type bool #include<iostream> using namespace std; void main() { bool b,b1; b=5>3; //result is 1 b1=3>5; //result is 0 cout<<“b=“<<b<<“b1=“<<b1; system(“pause”); }
- 20. unsigned Data Types Type Low High Syntax unsigned char 0 255 unsigned char var; unsigned short 0 65,535 unsigned short var; unsigned int 0 4,294,967,295 unsigned int var; unsigned long 0 4,294,967,295 unsigned long var;