Lecture 16
Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes148 views
This document discusses machine-to-machine (M2M) technology and how it differs from the Internet of Things (IoT). M2M refers to direct communication between machines without human involvement by using sensors, wireless networks, and centralized data collection. Key applications of M2M discussed include smart homes that remotely control appliances, healthcare monitoring of patients, retail management with digital signage and payment, and manufacturing process optimization with networked sensors. The main difference between M2M and IoT is that IoT uses both centralized and distributed network architectures while M2M only utilizes a centralized structure.
Lecture 16
- 2. What is M2M Technology? M2M quite simply stands for machine to machine, and is a relatively straightforward concept, though one that can be everything from very simple to extremely complex when it comes to its implementation. In short, M2M is about how machines can communicate with one another, without necessarily requiring a human middleman to relay the information. It’s a hugely important technology that’s now ubiquitous and can be seen in any home or office.
- 3. M2M is not a new technology, primarily because it doesn’t actually require any wireless technologies or complex digital devices. A wired connection between two machines can still be considered an M2M connection, and indeed the very first iterations of this technology used phone lines to communicate. However, in the modern world, M2M usually refers to machines that communicate using things like WiFi or mobile networks. In this article, we’re going to take a look at what technology underpins M2M, and how it’s applied in the real world.
- 4. M2M technology M2M generally centers around the concept of telemetry. This is simply where sensors of varying types will collect information, and then relay it to a central point of some description. In the past, this central point may have been a person or a personal computer. The data would be interpreted and then used. This is still often the case today. However, modern M2M systems allow for far more complexity, allowing machines to communicate with one another and make decisions quickly. In older M2M systems, wired connections might have been the method of choice or direct radio signals between two machines. Now however it’s more common that machines will use wireless networks such as WiFi or mobile networks to communicate. This allows far fewer limitations when it comes to distance, giving system designers huge flexibility in collecting information and allowing various machines to communicate with one another.
- 5. What is M2M communication M2M, which stands for machine-to-machine communication, refers to the technology that connects remote machines using the internet. It is used broadly to describe the technology that enables network devices to autonomously exchange information.
- 6. How M2M works Machines in a network make up an M2M network, which is similar to a LAN or WAN network. That is why they are often swept under the blanket term ‘the Internet of Things’, or IoT, despite being exclusively used to allow machines, sensors, and controllers to communicate. These devices send information they collect back to other devices on the network. Users, or any other intelligent control unit, can assess the network and issue appropriate instructions to network connected devices.
- 7. M2M technology relies on software-controlled communication between machines and devices. Special applications translate information into data relevant to the end user. This data is analyzed and monitored according to device specifications. Certain data can trigger automated actions, while manual actions can be triggered by machines and users from anywhere,
- 8. M2M system components The main components of an M2M system include: Sensors (e.g. RFID sensor) Wireless network or cellular communications link Internet connected computer System software for data processing Engineers place sensors in strategic locations, where they can record and send data in real-time to a wireless network which is connected to the internet. They can use specialized software to monitor the entire process, analyzing the incoming data.
- 9. differences between M2M and IoT
- 11. IoT services are offered through both a centralized and distributed architecture. From a technical point of view, M2M is limited to a centralized structure alone. Therefore, the network tier of the Internet of Things is hierarchical, whereas M2M’s is flat. When it comes to data collection and exchange, in machine-to-machine communication data goes to the data center. In contrast, with IoT we observe traffic distribution with some of the data going to the data center
- 12. Application of M2M M2M technology is all around us. It’s in our homes, on the commute to work, in the way that we shop, exercise and entertain ourselves. Here are just a few examples of M2M, or IoT technology that you might come across on a daily basis: Telemetry The most popular type of M2M communication that we know is telemetry. The practice has been used since the turn of the new century to transfer operational data from connected devices. At first, telephone lines, and later, radio waves, were used to transfer measurements gathered from monitoring instruments in remote locations.
- 13. Telemetry has found widespread use in the insurance industry. Wearable devices with sensors and smart devices are used to relay data to insurance firms, who adopt flexible usage-based premiums. The Internet and improved standards for wireless technology have expanded the role of telemetry from pure science, engineering and manufacturing to everyday use in products like home heating units, electric meters and Internet-connected appliances. Products built with M2M communication capabilities are often called ‘smart’.
- 14. The smart home The Internet of Things and M2M technology are closely associated with the concept of the ‘smart home’. The term refers to the control and automation of lighting, heating (smart thermostats), ventilation and air conditioning, security, as well as home appliances (washers, dryers, ovens, refrigerators and freezers), where remote monitoring and control is implemented with the help of M2M technology. Manufacturers like LG and Samsung are already developing smart home appliances to help consumers improve quality of life. For instance, washing machines with in-built M2M- capability notify when the washing cycle is complete. Smart refrigerators order depleting groceries from shops.
- 15. Healthcare IoT Healthcare is another prominent domain where M2M technology is applied. Healthcare IoT comes in many forms including e-health, m-health, telemedicine and assisted living. Patients with non-life-threatening conditions can be equipped with sensors that monitor blood pressure or blood sugar levels. Additional connected devices can track a person’s movement, detect when they are unwell and alert a healthcare worker about their condition. They can be sent home and observed remotely by medical staff, who can interpret the data. Hospitals thus benefit from freed up hospital beds and doctors are able to dedicate time to more urgent cases.
- 16. Retail M2M Retail is a great field for M2M technology development, where it is used for in-store product placement and replacement, kiosks and digital signage, vending machine management, parking meters and wireless payment systems.
- 17. Manufacturing There are many reasons why smart manufacturing is a good idea. Digital control systems, asset management and smart sensors can maximize operational efficiency, safety and reliability, while integration with smart building systems and smart grids can optimize energy consumption and reduce the carbon footprint. M2M tools allow business owners to be alerted on their smartphones when an important piece of equipment needs servicing, so they can address issues as quickly as they arise. Sophisticated networks of sensors connected to the Internet even order replacement parts automatically. The manufacturing industry therefore relies on technology to ensure that costs are managed properly and processes are executed efficiently. And, of