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Lecture 1: Social Web Introduction (2013)

Lora Aroyo, profile picture
Lora Aroyo

The document outlines a course on the social web, led by Lora Aroyo, which aims to explore its functionality, applications, and challenges. Students will engage in hands-on learning, group work, and discussions, covering topics such as data formats, social media platforms, and the implications of social computing. Historical context and statistics are provided to highlight the evolution and impact of the social web on communication and community building.

TechnologyBusiness
Related topics:
Semantic Web
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Social Web 2013 Lecture 1: Introduction What IS the Social Web Lora Aroyo The Network Institute VU University Amsterdam Monday, February 3, 14
Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_book_-_Timeless_Books.jpg Course Organization Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Goals of the course • understand & try how the Social Web works • • • • • • What IS the Social Web & Social Computing? What people DO on the Social Web? How is DATA on the Social Web ACCESSED? How is DATA on the Social Web STUDIED? What are typical Social Web APPLICATIONS? What are CHALLENGES on the Social Web? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
You will learn about • • • • • • • data formats social web platforms data mining, analysis, visualization & reuse across applications user-generated content personalization in Social Web applications interdisciplinary research critical thinking Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Format of the course • • • Lots of WORK, but also lots of FUN Lots of different interaction post a question or a discussion point by Sunday 17:00 vote on questions by Monday 10:00 discuss on selected topics during lectures on Monday group work during hands-on sessions presentations of final assignments Use your own name or VUNetID for identification on the website postings • • • • • Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
How does it work • Before the Lectures: do the required reading & assignments • Assignments & Hands-on: done in groups • use Skype, Dropbox, Google Docs to organize & plan your work • state who did what in the “Acknowledgements” section • use document template: ACM SIG proceedings style; PDF only • name of the file: [group#]_[handson#]; [group#]_[assignment#] • include the names of all group members & group# on the title page of your reports Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Schedule • Interactive Lectures: Mondays 1:30-3:15 • assignments & hands-on are introduced during lecture • Hands-on Sessions: Thursdays 11:00-12:45 • practical exercises & work on assignments • Final Presentations: in week 12 Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Grading • Assignment 1 (15%) • Assignment 2 (15%) • Assignment 3 (15%) • Final Assignment: application & presentation (15%) • Final Assignment: individual report (30%) • Questions/Discussion (10%) Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Why Social Web? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
“digital technology is changing both how words and ideas are created and proliferate, and how they are studied.” Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
social media is a rich resource that provides “a fuller picture of today’s cultural norms, dialogue, trends and events to inform scholarship, the legislative process, new works of authorship, education and other purposes.” Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
How much content is consumed & created every second? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Twitter record: • • 9000 tweets/s during MTV Video Music Awards (Beyonce pregnant) • Monday, February 3, 14 8000 tweets/s during Madonna’s performance • Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! 10.000 tweets/s in last 3 min of Super Bowl 7200 tweets/s before the end of the WC for women’s football (Japan beats US), july 2011 Library of Congress archive of public Twitter messages reached 170 billion tweets and rising, by about 500 million tweets a day
Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
http://www.fastcodesign.com/1664377/infographic-of-the-day-the-alchemy-behind-facebook-and-youtube Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2011 on the Social Web • 18.1 million people following Lady Gaga - most popular user in 2011 • 250 million tweets per day (October 2011) • 1 – #egypt was the number one hashtag on Twitter • 8,868 tweets per second in August for the MTV Video Music Awards • $50,000 – raised for charity by the most retweeted tweet of 2011 • 39 million Tumblr blogs by the end of 2011 • 70 million WordPress blogs by the end of 2011 • 1 billion messages sent with WhatsApp during one day (Oct 2011) • 2.4 billion social networking accounts worldwide http://royal.pingdom.com/2012/01/17/internet-2011-in-numbers/ Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2012 on the Social Web • 85,962 monthly posts by Facebook Pages in Brazil; most active country on FB • 2.7 billion likes on Facebook every day • 819,000+ retweets of Barack Obama’s tweet “Four more years” (most retweets ever) • 327,452 tweets per minute when Barack Obama was re-elected (most ever) • 9.66 million tweets during the opening ceremony of the London 2012 olympics • 175 million - average number of tweets every day in 2012 • 307 tweets by the average Twitter user • 51 – average number of followers per Twitter user • 163 billion tweets since Twitter started • 123 heads of state that have a Twitter account • 187 million members on LinkedIn (September 2012) • 135 million monthly active users on Google+ • 5 billion times per day the +1 button on Google+ is used http://royal.pingdom.com/2013/01/16/internet-2012-in-numbers/ Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Image source: http://clareactman22.blogspot.com/2010/06/meaning-of-life.html What do those numbers mean? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Our goal is to ... understand the practices, implications, culture, & meaning of the sites, as well as users' engagement with them include this understanding as part of software engineering for the new social world Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
How did it all start? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Some Historical Facts • Before 1997: AIM, ICQ, Classmates.com • 1997: SixDegrees.com combining all in one (2000 the service went offline) - not enough user base, not enough interaction • 1997 - 2001: AsianAvenue, BlackPlanet, MiGente, LiveJournal, Cyworld (Korean), LunarStorm (Swedish) • 2001: professional networks Ryze.com (San Francisco business and technology community), Tribe.net, LinkedIn Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2002: Rise & Fall • Friendster - a social complement to Ryze to compete with Match.com online dating site • early adopters: bloggers, attendees of the Burning Man arts festival & gay men • 300,000 users in 2003 and it couldn’t handle its rapid growth • started restricted access to profiles, e.g. not more than four degrees away • "Fakesters": fake profiles representing iconic fictional characters: celebrities, concepts • failures: Google's Orkut failed & Microsoft's Windows Live Spaces (a.k.a. MSN Spaces) Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2003: Mainstream • YASNS: "Yet Another Social Networking Service." (Clay Shirky) • professional: LinkedIn,Visible Path, Xing (formerly openBC) • passion-centric: Dogster (dogs), Care2 (activists), Couchsurfing (travel), MyChurch (christian), Flickr (photos), Last.FM (music),YouTube (video) • MySpace to compete with Friendster, Xanga, AsianAvenue; 2004 massive popularity (bands, teenagers); 2005 News Corporation purchase for $580 • popularity in Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia & Indonesia Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
The Big Ones Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2001: Wikipedia 2000: Nupedia - articles written by experts licensed as free content founded by Jimmy Wales with Larry Sanger (editor-in-chief) 2001: Wikipedia - a side-project of Nupedia, to allow collaboration on articles prior to entering the peer-review process Articles: 19,700 (2002), 3,835,000 (2012), 4,157,698 (2013) Wiki pages: 29,355,491 (2013) Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2001: Wikipedia 2000: Nupedia - articles written by experts licensed as free content founded by Jimmy Wales with Larry Sanger (editor-in-chief) 2001: Wikipedia - a side-project of Nupedia, to allow collaboration on articles prior to entering the peer-review process Articles: 19,700 (2002), 3,835,000 (2012), 4,157,698 (2013) Wiki pages: 29,355,491 (2013) Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Issues creators! 1! Community-based Systems • Participation vs. lurking • Social capital • Social networking • Trust and reputation • Privacy and presence 10! Synthesizers! 100! consumers! Peter Brusilovsky, Social Web Course, University of Pittsburgh Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2004: Facebook distinct college networks only (Harvard-only SNS) Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2005: Facebook including other universities, high school students, professionals inside corporate networks, and, eventually - everyone ability for outside developers to build "Applications" Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2007: Facebook API Platform that consists of a Facebook variant of HTML = Facebook Markup Language (FBML) a Facebook variant of SQL = FQL (Facebook Query Language) not based on open standards sites support: Bebo & Meebo Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2010: Facebook Open Graph Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2012: Facebook Goes Public “ ... eight years after its computer-hacking CEO Mark Zuckerberg started the service at Harvard University." "We cannot assure you that we will effectively manage our growth." "... it hopes to raise $5 billion in its IPO. That would be the most for an Internet IPO since Google Inc. and its early backers raised $1.9 billion in 2004." Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2013: Facebook Graph Search Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
http://www.insidefacebook.com/2013/01/30/facebooks-global-growth-in-q4-1-06b-mau-mobile-surpasses-web/ Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
http://www.insidefacebook.com/2012/04/27/facebook-platform-supports-more-than-42-million-pages-and-9-million-apps/ Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
• • • • • Launched July 2006 by Jack Dorsey • "the SMS of the Internet" 500 million registered users (2012) 340 million tweets daily 1.6 billion search queries daily ten most visited websites on the Internet Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
• • • launched June 28, 2011 • • • • • • • • Stream, Circles, Hashtags, "What's hot" Stream 500 million registered users (2012), 235 million active on a monthly basis "social layer" consisting of not just a single site, but rather an overarching "layer" Hangouts & Hangouts On-Air (instant webcasts over Google+) Sparks - front-end to Google Search Data Liberation Ripples - re-sharing activity regarding a public post Google+ Pages for organizations, Google+ Local (former Google Places) Google+ Events Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
* Forrester Research (2008), http:// wwwforrester.com/ResearchThemes/SocialComputing Social Computing • • interdisciplinary study • • internet provides a good platform for emerging social structures social structure where technology puts power in communities (not institutions) manifestos of social computing, e.g. social networks, blogs, podcasting, tagging, meet-ups, mash-ups, social search, user-generated-content, wikis, P2P content distribution, RSS, open source software, etc.* Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
“Tenets of Social Computing”* • innovation will shift from top-down to bottom-up • value will shift from ownership to experience • power will shift from institutions to communities * Charlene Li (2006), http://www.socialcustomer.com/2006/02/the_forrester_s.html Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
New Means of Communication • beyond email, text messaging, and mobile phone • asynchronous (not requiring real-time response) • a lot of the communication seems irrelevant & trivial • • some can be helpful & interesting • celebrities & organizations use it to communicate with their fan bases & audience for self-promotion many people (especially the teenagers) addicted to this new mode of communication Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
New Form of Communities • • Social Web sites are in essence online communities • Groups around any type of interest, hobby, or cause, where people can help one another with information, advice, and personal networks Groups around a number of natural attributes of the members, e.g. schools attended, employers, cities of residence. Example: the role of communities in “the Arab Spring” Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
New Source of Knowledge • • • • • beyond what search engines can dig into people can dig into their network of connections to find answers to questions • folklore knowledge friends-based news updates friends-based serendipity ‘‘worldwide directories’’ of people Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
New Source of Knowledge • • • • • beyond what search engines can dig into people can dig into their network of connections to find answers to questions • folklore knowledge friends-based news updates friends-based serendipity ‘‘worldwide directories’’ of people Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
New Source of Entertainment • Most people need to entertain themselves to enjoy life, to recharge themselves, and to pass the time • That’s why people have accounts on several social Web sites, and visit them rather diligently and regularly • People got catapulted to worldwide fame after they appeared on YouTube Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
New Venue for Self-expression • a surprisingly large number of people have had a strong desire for selfexpression and desire for self-satisfaction that comes from helping others • a major reason for the Wikipedia success, where more than 10 mil articles have been contributed by thousands of volunteers without financial incentives • the personal posting many people do appears to help them to derive a sense of ‘self-assurance and belonging’ Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Social web sites = social networking sites + social media sites Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Social Sites Categories • Social networking sites (open vs. closed) • General-purpose, e.g. Facebook, LinkedIn • Vertical, e.g. Dogster, Couchsurfing • Social media sites (open vs. closed) • Media types, e.g. Flickr (photos), Last.FM (music),YouTube (video) * Won Kim, Ok-Ran Jeong, Sang-Won Lee (2010). On social Web sites. Information Systems 35, 215–236 Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Diversity in Cultures • • • • • • • MySpace - US & abroad Friendster - Pacific Islands Orkut - Brazil, India Mixi - Japan LunarStorm - Sweden Hyves - the Netherlands Grono - Poland • Hi5 - Latin & South America, Europe • Bebo - UK, New Zealand & Australia • • • • QQ - China Cyworld - Korea Skyrock - France Windows Live Spaces Mexico, Italy, and Spain Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
2011: FB vs. Orkut in Brazil http://mashable.com/2012/01/17/facebook-beats-orkut-brazil/ Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Diversity in Activities • aSmallWorld & BeautifulPeople intentionally restrict access to appear selective and elite • Usenet & public discussion forums - structured by topics or topical hierarchies • • • • Couchsurfing: activity-centered • "egocentric" - social network sites are structured as personal networks - individual at the center of their own community • accurately mirrors unmediated social structures: "the world is composed of networks, not groups" BlackPlanet: identity-driven MyChurch: affiliation-focused niche social network on Ning a platform & hosting service for users to create their own SNSs Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
SNS: Features • • Personal profiles • Participating in online groups • Communicating with online connections • Sharing user generated content • • • Expressing opinions Establishing online connections Finding information Retaining users Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Personal profiles • Most sites have members create and manage personal profiles • Differences in types of information in profiles, ways to control access (privacy) • • • Archived memories Impress others Aggregators, e.g. klout.com Compare Twitter profile with Facebook profile Monday, February 4, 13 56
Establishing online connections • discover connection (‘‘friend’’) candidates from existing members • automatic discovery of members from address books, browsing of groups, friend-recommendation, or keywordbased search • some friend relationships require consent by both members, some don’t How do you find friends on different networks? What are pros & cons of (a)symmetry of friendship? Monday, February 4, 13 57
Participating in online groups • • form new groups, and/or join them • • sense of belonging members & non-members could both view all the user-created content, only members may post content being where many other people are How does LinkedIn facilitate the forming & joining of groups? Monday, February 4, 13 58
Communicating with online connections • Ambient intimacy - “...that you wouldn’t usually have access to, because time & space” • • Emotional support Hanging out virtually How do Twitter, Facebook and Flickr differer in terms facilitating communication? Monday, February 4, 13 59
Sharing User-created Content • members post various types of user-created content, e.g. blogs, microblogs, photos, images, music, video, bookmarks, and text • • friends view & re-share social media sites provide richer facilities for sharing content than social networking sites How often do you experience problems of duplication of content shared across different sites? Monday, February 4, 13 60
Expressing Opinions • Allowing members to leave comments on the content, voting by ranking (3 out of 5 stars), or marking as ‘‘favorite,’’ flagging as spam/ inappropriate • Sites use different ways to present and organize those comments (hierarchical, timestamping, counting, etc.) For example, Digg has two buttons, ‘‘digg it’’ and ‘‘bury’’ Why there is no ‘DISLIKE’ button in FB? Should there be? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Reflections ... • • • Twitter profile vs. Facebook profile? • • Pros & cons of (a)symmetry of friendship? • How often do you experience problems of duplication of content shared across different sites? • FB vs Google+ actions for retaining users? Find friends on different networks? How does LinkedIn facilitate the forming & joining of groups? FB? Google+? Twitter vs. Facebook vs. Flickr differences in terms facilitating communication? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Where do YOU come in understand the practices, implications, culture & meaning of the sites, as well as users' engagement with them learn how to use this knowledge in designing successful social web applications Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
The New Web: The Web of People Peter Brusilovsky, Social Web Course, University of Pittsburgh Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
Hands-on Teaser • • • • • • first (basic) taste of social web data analysis & visualization some Python & command line experience Twitter data check out on the website the software you will be working with semanticweb.cs.vu.nl/socialweb2013 check out the exercises in the book • Mining the Social Web, by Matthew A. Russell Social image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bionicteaching/1375254387/ Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14

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Lecture 1: Social Web Introduction (2013)

  • 1. Social Web 2013 Lecture 1: Introduction What IS the Social Web Lora Aroyo The Network Institute VU University Amsterdam Monday, February 3, 14
  • 2. Image source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Old_book_-_Timeless_Books.jpg Course Organization Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 3. Goals of the course • understand & try how the Social Web works • • • • • • What IS the Social Web & Social Computing? What people DO on the Social Web? How is DATA on the Social Web ACCESSED? How is DATA on the Social Web STUDIED? What are typical Social Web APPLICATIONS? What are CHALLENGES on the Social Web? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 4. You will learn about • • • • • • • data formats social web platforms data mining, analysis, visualization & reuse across applications user-generated content personalization in Social Web applications interdisciplinary research critical thinking Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 5. Format of the course • • • Lots of WORK, but also lots of FUN Lots of different interaction post a question or a discussion point by Sunday 17:00 vote on questions by Monday 10:00 discuss on selected topics during lectures on Monday group work during hands-on sessions presentations of final assignments Use your own name or VUNetID for identification on the website postings • • • • • Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 6. How does it work • Before the Lectures: do the required reading & assignments • Assignments & Hands-on: done in groups • use Skype, Dropbox, Google Docs to organize & plan your work • state who did what in the “Acknowledgements” section • use document template: ACM SIG proceedings style; PDF only • name of the file: [group#]_[handson#]; [group#]_[assignment#] • include the names of all group members & group# on the title page of your reports Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 7. Schedule • Interactive Lectures: Mondays 1:30-3:15 • assignments & hands-on are introduced during lecture • Hands-on Sessions: Thursdays 11:00-12:45 • practical exercises & work on assignments • Final Presentations: in week 12 Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 8. Grading • Assignment 1 (15%) • Assignment 2 (15%) • Assignment 3 (15%) • Final Assignment: application & presentation (15%) • Final Assignment: individual report (30%) • Questions/Discussion (10%) Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 9. Why Social Web? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 10. “digital technology is changing both how words and ideas are created and proliferate, and how they are studied.” Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 11. social media is a rich resource that provides “a fuller picture of today’s cultural norms, dialogue, trends and events to inform scholarship, the legislative process, new works of authorship, education and other purposes.” Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 12. How much content is consumed & created every second? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 13. Twitter record: • • 9000 tweets/s during MTV Video Music Awards (Beyonce pregnant) • Monday, February 3, 14 8000 tweets/s during Madonna’s performance • Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! 10.000 tweets/s in last 3 min of Super Bowl 7200 tweets/s before the end of the WC for women’s football (Japan beats US), july 2011 Library of Congress archive of public Twitter messages reached 170 billion tweets and rising, by about 500 million tweets a day
  • 14. Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 16. 2011 on the Social Web • 18.1 million people following Lady Gaga - most popular user in 2011 • 250 million tweets per day (October 2011) • 1 – #egypt was the number one hashtag on Twitter • 8,868 tweets per second in August for the MTV Video Music Awards • $50,000 – raised for charity by the most retweeted tweet of 2011 • 39 million Tumblr blogs by the end of 2011 • 70 million WordPress blogs by the end of 2011 • 1 billion messages sent with WhatsApp during one day (Oct 2011) • 2.4 billion social networking accounts worldwide http://royal.pingdom.com/2012/01/17/internet-2011-in-numbers/ Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 17. 2012 on the Social Web • 85,962 monthly posts by Facebook Pages in Brazil; most active country on FB • 2.7 billion likes on Facebook every day • 819,000+ retweets of Barack Obama’s tweet “Four more years” (most retweets ever) • 327,452 tweets per minute when Barack Obama was re-elected (most ever) • 9.66 million tweets during the opening ceremony of the London 2012 olympics • 175 million - average number of tweets every day in 2012 • 307 tweets by the average Twitter user • 51 – average number of followers per Twitter user • 163 billion tweets since Twitter started • 123 heads of state that have a Twitter account • 187 million members on LinkedIn (September 2012) • 135 million monthly active users on Google+ • 5 billion times per day the +1 button on Google+ is used http://royal.pingdom.com/2013/01/16/internet-2012-in-numbers/ Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 18. Image source: http://clareactman22.blogspot.com/2010/06/meaning-of-life.html What do those numbers mean? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 19. Our goal is to ... understand the practices, implications, culture, & meaning of the sites, as well as users' engagement with them include this understanding as part of software engineering for the new social world Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 20. How did it all start? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 21. Some Historical Facts • Before 1997: AIM, ICQ, Classmates.com • 1997: SixDegrees.com combining all in one (2000 the service went offline) - not enough user base, not enough interaction • 1997 - 2001: AsianAvenue, BlackPlanet, MiGente, LiveJournal, Cyworld (Korean), LunarStorm (Swedish) • 2001: professional networks Ryze.com (San Francisco business and technology community), Tribe.net, LinkedIn Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 22. 2002: Rise & Fall • Friendster - a social complement to Ryze to compete with Match.com online dating site • early adopters: bloggers, attendees of the Burning Man arts festival & gay men • 300,000 users in 2003 and it couldn’t handle its rapid growth • started restricted access to profiles, e.g. not more than four degrees away • "Fakesters": fake profiles representing iconic fictional characters: celebrities, concepts • failures: Google's Orkut failed & Microsoft's Windows Live Spaces (a.k.a. MSN Spaces) Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 23. 2003: Mainstream • YASNS: "Yet Another Social Networking Service." (Clay Shirky) • professional: LinkedIn,Visible Path, Xing (formerly openBC) • passion-centric: Dogster (dogs), Care2 (activists), Couchsurfing (travel), MyChurch (christian), Flickr (photos), Last.FM (music),YouTube (video) • MySpace to compete with Friendster, Xanga, AsianAvenue; 2004 massive popularity (bands, teenagers); 2005 News Corporation purchase for $580 • popularity in Philippines, Singapore, Malaysia & Indonesia Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 24. The Big Ones Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 25. 2001: Wikipedia 2000: Nupedia - articles written by experts licensed as free content founded by Jimmy Wales with Larry Sanger (editor-in-chief) 2001: Wikipedia - a side-project of Nupedia, to allow collaboration on articles prior to entering the peer-review process Articles: 19,700 (2002), 3,835,000 (2012), 4,157,698 (2013) Wiki pages: 29,355,491 (2013) Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 26. 2001: Wikipedia 2000: Nupedia - articles written by experts licensed as free content founded by Jimmy Wales with Larry Sanger (editor-in-chief) 2001: Wikipedia - a side-project of Nupedia, to allow collaboration on articles prior to entering the peer-review process Articles: 19,700 (2002), 3,835,000 (2012), 4,157,698 (2013) Wiki pages: 29,355,491 (2013) Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 27. Issues creators! 1! Community-based Systems • Participation vs. lurking • Social capital • Social networking • Trust and reputation • Privacy and presence 10! Synthesizers! 100! consumers! Peter Brusilovsky, Social Web Course, University of Pittsburgh Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 28. 2004: Facebook distinct college networks only (Harvard-only SNS) Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 29. 2005: Facebook including other universities, high school students, professionals inside corporate networks, and, eventually - everyone ability for outside developers to build "Applications" Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 30. 2007: Facebook API Platform that consists of a Facebook variant of HTML = Facebook Markup Language (FBML) a Facebook variant of SQL = FQL (Facebook Query Language) not based on open standards sites support: Bebo & Meebo Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 31. 2010: Facebook Open Graph Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 32. 2012: Facebook Goes Public “ ... eight years after its computer-hacking CEO Mark Zuckerberg started the service at Harvard University." "We cannot assure you that we will effectively manage our growth." "... it hopes to raise $5 billion in its IPO. That would be the most for an Internet IPO since Google Inc. and its early backers raised $1.9 billion in 2004." Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 33. 2013: Facebook Graph Search Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 36. • • • • • Launched July 2006 by Jack Dorsey • "the SMS of the Internet" 500 million registered users (2012) 340 million tweets daily 1.6 billion search queries daily ten most visited websites on the Internet Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 37. • • • launched June 28, 2011 • • • • • • • • Stream, Circles, Hashtags, "What's hot" Stream 500 million registered users (2012), 235 million active on a monthly basis "social layer" consisting of not just a single site, but rather an overarching "layer" Hangouts & Hangouts On-Air (instant webcasts over Google+) Sparks - front-end to Google Search Data Liberation Ripples - re-sharing activity regarding a public post Google+ Pages for organizations, Google+ Local (former Google Places) Google+ Events Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 38. Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 39. * Forrester Research (2008), http:// wwwforrester.com/ResearchThemes/SocialComputing Social Computing • • interdisciplinary study • • internet provides a good platform for emerging social structures social structure where technology puts power in communities (not institutions) manifestos of social computing, e.g. social networks, blogs, podcasting, tagging, meet-ups, mash-ups, social search, user-generated-content, wikis, P2P content distribution, RSS, open source software, etc.* Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 40. “Tenets of Social Computing”* • innovation will shift from top-down to bottom-up • value will shift from ownership to experience • power will shift from institutions to communities * Charlene Li (2006), http://www.socialcustomer.com/2006/02/the_forrester_s.html Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 41. New Means of Communication • beyond email, text messaging, and mobile phone • asynchronous (not requiring real-time response) • a lot of the communication seems irrelevant & trivial • • some can be helpful & interesting • celebrities & organizations use it to communicate with their fan bases & audience for self-promotion many people (especially the teenagers) addicted to this new mode of communication Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 42. New Form of Communities • • Social Web sites are in essence online communities • Groups around any type of interest, hobby, or cause, where people can help one another with information, advice, and personal networks Groups around a number of natural attributes of the members, e.g. schools attended, employers, cities of residence. Example: the role of communities in “the Arab Spring” Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 43. New Source of Knowledge • • • • • beyond what search engines can dig into people can dig into their network of connections to find answers to questions • folklore knowledge friends-based news updates friends-based serendipity ‘‘worldwide directories’’ of people Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 44. New Source of Knowledge • • • • • beyond what search engines can dig into people can dig into their network of connections to find answers to questions • folklore knowledge friends-based news updates friends-based serendipity ‘‘worldwide directories’’ of people Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 45. New Source of Entertainment • Most people need to entertain themselves to enjoy life, to recharge themselves, and to pass the time • That’s why people have accounts on several social Web sites, and visit them rather diligently and regularly • People got catapulted to worldwide fame after they appeared on YouTube Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 46. New Venue for Self-expression • a surprisingly large number of people have had a strong desire for selfexpression and desire for self-satisfaction that comes from helping others • a major reason for the Wikipedia success, where more than 10 mil articles have been contributed by thousands of volunteers without financial incentives • the personal posting many people do appears to help them to derive a sense of ‘self-assurance and belonging’ Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 47. Social web sites = social networking sites + social media sites Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 48. Social Sites Categories • Social networking sites (open vs. closed) • General-purpose, e.g. Facebook, LinkedIn • Vertical, e.g. Dogster, Couchsurfing • Social media sites (open vs. closed) • Media types, e.g. Flickr (photos), Last.FM (music),YouTube (video) * Won Kim, Ok-Ran Jeong, Sang-Won Lee (2010). On social Web sites. Information Systems 35, 215–236 Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 49. Diversity in Cultures • • • • • • • MySpace - US & abroad Friendster - Pacific Islands Orkut - Brazil, India Mixi - Japan LunarStorm - Sweden Hyves - the Netherlands Grono - Poland • Hi5 - Latin & South America, Europe • Bebo - UK, New Zealand & Australia • • • • QQ - China Cyworld - Korea Skyrock - France Windows Live Spaces Mexico, Italy, and Spain Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 50. 2011: FB vs. Orkut in Brazil http://mashable.com/2012/01/17/facebook-beats-orkut-brazil/ Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 51. Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 52. Diversity in Activities • aSmallWorld & BeautifulPeople intentionally restrict access to appear selective and elite • Usenet & public discussion forums - structured by topics or topical hierarchies • • • • Couchsurfing: activity-centered • "egocentric" - social network sites are structured as personal networks - individual at the center of their own community • accurately mirrors unmediated social structures: "the world is composed of networks, not groups" BlackPlanet: identity-driven MyChurch: affiliation-focused niche social network on Ning a platform & hosting service for users to create their own SNSs Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 53. SNS: Features • • Personal profiles • Participating in online groups • Communicating with online connections • Sharing user generated content • • • Expressing opinions Establishing online connections Finding information Retaining users Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 54. Personal profiles • Most sites have members create and manage personal profiles • Differences in types of information in profiles, ways to control access (privacy) • • • Archived memories Impress others Aggregators, e.g. klout.com Compare Twitter profile with Facebook profile Monday, February 4, 13 56
  • 55. Establishing online connections • discover connection (‘‘friend’’) candidates from existing members • automatic discovery of members from address books, browsing of groups, friend-recommendation, or keywordbased search • some friend relationships require consent by both members, some don’t How do you find friends on different networks? What are pros & cons of (a)symmetry of friendship? Monday, February 4, 13 57
  • 56. Participating in online groups • • form new groups, and/or join them • • sense of belonging members & non-members could both view all the user-created content, only members may post content being where many other people are How does LinkedIn facilitate the forming & joining of groups? Monday, February 4, 13 58
  • 57. Communicating with online connections • Ambient intimacy - “...that you wouldn’t usually have access to, because time & space” • • Emotional support Hanging out virtually How do Twitter, Facebook and Flickr differer in terms facilitating communication? Monday, February 4, 13 59
  • 58. Sharing User-created Content • members post various types of user-created content, e.g. blogs, microblogs, photos, images, music, video, bookmarks, and text • • friends view & re-share social media sites provide richer facilities for sharing content than social networking sites How often do you experience problems of duplication of content shared across different sites? Monday, February 4, 13 60
  • 59. Expressing Opinions • Allowing members to leave comments on the content, voting by ranking (3 out of 5 stars), or marking as ‘‘favorite,’’ flagging as spam/ inappropriate • Sites use different ways to present and organize those comments (hierarchical, timestamping, counting, etc.) For example, Digg has two buttons, ‘‘digg it’’ and ‘‘bury’’ Why there is no ‘DISLIKE’ button in FB? Should there be? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 60. Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 61. Reflections ... • • • Twitter profile vs. Facebook profile? • • Pros & cons of (a)symmetry of friendship? • How often do you experience problems of duplication of content shared across different sites? • FB vs Google+ actions for retaining users? Find friends on different networks? How does LinkedIn facilitate the forming & joining of groups? FB? Google+? Twitter vs. Facebook vs. Flickr differences in terms facilitating communication? Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 62. Where do YOU come in understand the practices, implications, culture & meaning of the sites, as well as users' engagement with them learn how to use this knowledge in designing successful social web applications Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 63. The New Web: The Web of People Peter Brusilovsky, Social Web Course, University of Pittsburgh Social Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14
  • 64. Hands-on Teaser • • • • • • first (basic) taste of social web data analysis & visualization some Python & command line experience Twitter data check out on the website the software you will be working with semanticweb.cs.vu.nl/socialweb2013 check out the exercises in the book • Mining the Social Web, by Matthew A. Russell Social image source: http://www.flickr.com/photos/bionicteaching/1375254387/ Web 2014, Lora Aroyo! Monday, February 3, 14