Lecture4 is353-ea(fea)
- 1. 1 Abdisalam Issa-Salwe Taibah University College of Computer Science & Engineering Information Systems Department The Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) (Enterprise Architecture IS353) Lecture 4 Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) The Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) is the latest attempt by the US federal government to unite its myriad agencies and functions under a single common and ubiquitous enterprise architecture. FEA is still in its infancy, as most of the major pieces have been available only since 2006. FEA is the most complete of all the methodologies discussed so far. It has both a comprehensive taxonomy, like Zachman, and an architectural process, like TOGAF. FEA can be viewed as either a methodology for creating an enterprise architecture or the result of applying that process to a particular enterprise — namely, the U.S. Government. 2 Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Tai bah University
- 2. 2 Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) (cont…) FEA consisting of five reference models, one each for performance: 1. A perspective on how enterprise architectures should be viewed (the segment model) 2. A set of reference models for describing different perspectives of the enterprise architecture. 3. A process for creating an enterprise architecture 4. A transitional process for migrating from a pre-EA to a post-EA paradigm 5. A taxonomy for cataloging assets that fall within the purview of the enterprise architecture 6. An approach to measuring the success of using the enterprise architecture to drive business value 3 Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Tai bah University The FEA Perspective on EA The FEA Perspective on EA is that an enterprise is built of segments. A segment is a major line-of-business functionality, such as human resources. There are two types of segments: core mission-area segments and business-services segments: 1. A core mission-area segment is one that is central to the mission or purpose of a particular political boundary within the enterprise. 2. A business-services segment is one that is foundational to most, if not all, political organizations. 3. An enterprise service is a well-defined function that spans political boundaries. 4. The security management enterprise service. The security credentials that are managed by the security-management service are not specific to either of those agencies. 4 Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Tai bah University
- 3. 3 Federal Enterprise Architecture (cont…) A full treatment of FEA needs to include all of the following: A perspective on how enterprise architectures should be viewed (the segment model, that I will describe shortly) A set of reference models for describing different perspectives of the enterprise architecture (the five models, mentioned earlier) A process for creating an enterprise architecture A transitional process for migrating from a pre-EA to a post- EA paradigm A taxonomy for cataloging assets that fall within the purview of the enterprise architecture An approach to measuring the success of using the enterprise architecture to drive business value 5 Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Tai bah University FEA Principles Establish Federal interoperability standards. Minimize the data collection burden. Secure Federal information against unauthorized access. Take advantage of standardization based on common functions and customers. Provide access to information. Select and implement proven market technologies. Comply with the Privacy Act of 1974. Coordinate technology investments with the Federal business and architecture.
- 4. 4 7 Federal Enterprise Architecture Core Principles Business-driven: The FEA is most useful when it is closely aligned with government strategic plans and executive level direction. Agency mission statements, presidential management directives and agency business owners give direction to each agency’s enterprise architecture (EA) and to the FEA. Proactive and collaborative across the Federal government: Adoption of the FEA is achieved through active participation by the EA community in its development and use. The FEA community is responsible for the development, evolution and adoption of the FEA. Architecture improves the effectiveness and efficiency of government processes: Architecture development is an integral part of the capital investment process. Investment decisions should be based on business-approved architecture. (PRM) (BRM) (SRM) (DRM) (TRM) Performance Reference Model Business Reference Model Service Component Reference Model Data Reference Model Technical Reference Model BusinessDrivenApproach Federal Reference Models
- 5. 5 Performance Reference Model The Performance Reference Model (PRM) defines standard ways of describing the value delivered by enterprise architectures. For example, the PRM describes quality as a technology measurement area that is defined as "the extent to which technology satisfies functionality or capability requirements." Business Reference Model The Business Reference Model (BRM) gives a business view of the various functions of the federal government. For example, the BRM defines a standard business capability called water resource management that is a subfunction of natural resources that is considered a line-of-business of the broader services for citizens business area. Identifies business components across federal government
- 6. 6 Service Component Reference Model “a self contained business process or service with predetermined functionality that may be exposed through a business or technology interface.“ Granularity- ranges from complete business solution down to application component Customer Relationship Management – Call Center Management Customer Analytics Sales and Marketing The Data Reference Model (DRM) The Data Reference Model (DRM) defines standard ways of describing data. For example, the DRM defines an entity as something that contains attributes and participates in relationships 12 Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Tai bah University
- 7. 7 Technical Reference Model (TRM) •Technical Reference Model (TRM): TRM provides the foundation for identifying target technical architectures and should be reflected where applicable in baseline architectures. •The Technical Reference Model (TRM) defines the various technologies and standards that can be used in building IT systems. For example, the TRM defines HTTP as a protocol that is a subset of a service transport that is a subset of service access and delivery. Infrastructure Service Platform And Infrastructure Service Platform Service Access And Delivery Component Framework Security Layer Presentation/Interface Layer Business Logic Layer Data Interchange Layer Data Management Layer Component Framework Service Interface And Integration Technical Reference Model (TRM)
- 8. 8 The Components Reference Model (CRM) The Components Reference Model (CRM) gives a more IT view of systems that can support business functionality. For example, the CRM defines a customer-analytics system that I described earlier in the hypothetical interchange between the IRS and the GPO. FEA Process The FEA Process is primarily focused on creating a segment architecture for a subset of the overall enterprise (in FEA's case, the enterprise is the federal government and the subset is a governmental agency) and is described in the FEA Practice Guidance. Step 1: Architectural Analysis—Define a simple and concise vision for the segment, and relate it back to the organizational plan. 16 Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Tai bah University
- 9. 9 FEA Process (cont…) Step 2: Architectural Definition—Define the desired architectural state of the segment, document the performance goals, consider design alternatives, and develop an enterprise architecture for the segment, including business, data, services, and technology architectures. Step 3: Investment and Funding Strategy— Consider how the project will be funded. Step 4: Program-Management Plan and Execute Projects—Create a plan for managing and executing the project, including milestones and performance measures that will assess project success. 17 Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Tai bah University FEA Success Measurement The FEA framework for measuring organizational success in using enterprise architecture is defined in the Federal Enterprise Architecture Program EA Assessment Framework 2.1. Federal agencies are rated on their overall maturity levels in three main categories: Architectural completion — Maturity level of the architecture itself Architectural use — How effectively the agency uses its architecture to drive decision-making Architectural results — The benefits being realized by the use of the architecture 18 Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Tai bah University
- 10. 10 Reference Microsoft Corporation, (May 2007): A Comparison of the Top Four Enterprise-Architecture Methodologies, http://msdn.microsoft.com/en- us/library/bb466232.aspx Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, Lecture Notes: Enterprise Architecture Fundamentals, Thames Valley University, 2008. 19 Abdisalam Issa-Salwe, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Tai bah University