初级组 Lesson 2
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The skeleton provides structure and protection to the body. It is made up of 206 bones including the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and appendages. The skull protects the brain and is made up of 28 bones. The vertebral column is made up of 33 vertebrae organized into 5 regions. There are 12 pairs of ribs and the appendages have 64 bones in the upper extremities and 62 in the lower extremities. Joints can be immovable, movable, or slightly movable and are surrounded by capsules, ligaments, cartilage, and lubricating fluid. Muscles enable movement, provide posture, and produce heat. Voluntary muscles are under control for coordinated movement while involuntary muscles work unconsciously to support vital organs
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初级组 Lesson 2
- 1. LESSON 2 THE HUMAN BODY
- 2. SKELETON:206 BONES THE PURPOSE OF THE SKELETON • Give shapes and firmness(坚固） • Provides levers for muscle to work • Protect the important organs • Produce blood • Storage mineral and others.
- 3. The major bones of the body The skull • 28bones: 8 the cranium（头盖骨），14 the face , 6 the ear ossicles *protect brain The vertebral column • Known as spine ,made up 33vertebrae • 5 regions : cervical ,thoracic , lumbar, sacrum and coccyx. The ribs and breastbone • 12 pairs • 7 pairs are attached to breastbone. Last 2 pairs are front floating-ribs.
- 4. The appendages • Upper extremities: 64 bones • Lower extremities: 62 bones
- 6. The structure and function of joints IMMOVABLE: • Allowing no movement • Exp: the joint between the bones forming dome the skull. MOVABLE: The movable joints • The ball and socket joints: exp = shoulder,hip joints • Hinged joints: exp =elbow joints • Slightly movable joints : exp= foot ,spine
- 8. The function of Muscles • Enable movement • Provides posture（姿势） • Heat production. How muscles work Voluntary muscles: (exp: ????) • under control • Movement is co-ordinate through the motor nerves. Involuntary muscles : (exp:?????) • Vital organs,cant be controlled by the time . • Work all the time ,even when we sleep.