Lipids and its classification
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The document provides an overview of lipids, including their definition, classification, sources (both plant and animal), and examples such as oils, fats, and waxes. It details the types of lipids: simple, compound, derived, and miscellaneous, along with their biochemical importance, such as energy sources, structural components of cell membranes, and roles in nutrient transport. References are given to a textbook on medical biochemistry for further reading.
Lipids and its classification
- 1. SIMS 305- Clinical Biochemistry Lipids Dr. Ali Raza Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine (CHGMM), Sindh Institute of Medical Sciences (SIMS), SIUT.
- 2. Lipids Contents •Examples of lipids •Sources of lipids •Definition •Classification: Simple Lipids Compound Lipids Derived Lipids Miscellaneous •Biomedical Importance
- 3. Examples of lipids Oil Fats Waxes Butter Mayonnaise Ghee Cream Cheese
- 4. Sources Plants • Vegetable oil, Sunflower oil, Corn oil, Soybean oil •Cotton seeds oil •Pumpkin seeds •Nuts and cereals Animals •Eggs •Fish
- 5. Lipids • Heterogeneous group of organic substance • Bloor criteria(1943) classified lipids based on their chemical composition • Insoluble in water •Soluble in Organic Solvents (Chloroform, Acetone) •Relationship to the fatty acid as “Ester” •Utilization by living organism
- 6. Lipids Ester of (fatty acids with) various alcohols Fatty acids: Hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid at one end. Fatty acids Alcohol
- 7. Ester bond • An ester forms when a hydroxyl reacts with a carboxylic acid, with loss of H2O. Formation of an ester: O O R'OH + HO-C-R" R'-O-C-R'' + H2O
- 8. Lipids Ester of fatty acids with various alcohols Fatty acids Alcohol
- 9. Lipids Classification I- Simple lipids: FA + Alcohols II- Compound lipids : FA + Alcohols + X (Phosphoric Acid) III- Derived lipids: On hydrolysis yields i) FA ii) Alcohols iii) Glycerides IV- Miscellaneous
- 10. I- Simple lipids “ Ester of fatty acids with various alcohols” a- Neutral Fats b- Waxes
- 11. Neutral Fats Triesters of fatty acids with glycerol E.g. • Triglycerol • TGs
- 12. I- Simple lipids b- Waxes: “ Ester of fatty acids with higher monohydroxy aliphatic alcohols”
- 13. b- Waxes i) True waxes: Esters of higher fatty acids with higher straight chains alcohols Examples: •Beeswax •Carnauba wax
- 14. b- Waxes ii) Cholesterol Esters: (Cholesteryl ester) Esters of higher fatty acids with cholesterol
- 15. b- Waxes ii) Vitamin A and D Esters: Esters of higher fatty acids with vitamin A and D
- 16. II- Compound lipids Esters of fatty acids containing other groups or in addition to an alcohol and fatty acids. FA + Alcohols + X (Phosphoric Acid)
- 17. II- Examples of Compound lipids: Phospholipids: lipids contain Phosphoric acid, nitrogenous base & other substituents Glycolipids: lipids contains carbohydrates Sulfolipids: lipids possess Sulphate groups Aminolipids : Proteolipids Lipoprotein: lipid attach to protein
- 18. Phospholipids contains Phosphoric acid, nitrogenous base and other substituent in addition to fatty acid and glycerol.
- 19. Examples of Phospholipids Phosphatidyl choline (Lecithin) Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (Cephalin) Phosphatidyl inositols (Lipositols) Phosphatidyl serine Plasmalogens Sphingomelins
- 21. Glycolipids lipids contains carbohydrates • Contains alcohol (Sphingosine or Sphinogol) and nitrogenous base in addition to fatty acid • Phosphoric acid and glycerol are absent
- 22. Glycolipids Two types of Glycolipids Cerebrosides Gangliosides
- 23. III-Derived lipids • Derivative obtained on hydrolysis of simple and compound lipids and exhibit lipid characteristics Fatty acids (FA) Glycerides (monoacylglycerol or diglycerides, glycerol) Alcohol: High molecular weight , straight chain of alcohol yield on wax hydrolysis E.g. Glycerol, cholesterol
- 24. IV- Miscellaneous Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as iso-octadecane, E.g; found in liver fat Hydrocarbon found in bee wax and animal waxes Carotenoids Vitamin E Vitamin K
- 25. Importance of Lipids • Energy source or fuel: 9.5 C/ gram • Phospholipids and Lipoprotein constituents of Cell walls and cell organelles • Lipoprotein are carrier of triglycerides, cholesterol, Phospholipids • Insulating effect in the body • lipids are necessary for Fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K )
- 26. 26 Reference: Textbook Medical Biochemistry by Chatterjea, Sixth Edition, Chapter 4 https://www.amazon.com/Textbook-Medical-Biochemistry-M-D- Chatterjea/dp/9350254840
Editor's Notes
- #7: a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids. Various types of esters of different alcohols Ester of (fatty acids with) various alcohols . In addition to alcohol and fatty acids, it may includes phosphoric acid, nitrogenous base and carbohydrates.
- #9: Various types of esters of different alcohols