LL Upper Sec D - Logic and Reasoning
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This document discusses the importance of logic and reasoning. It provides examples of arguments with good and poor logic. A good argument builds logic step-by-step to connect reasons and convince the reader, while a poor argument is missing connections between ideas. The document encourages developing strong logical reasoning and considering if additional reasons can strengthen an argument without stating obvious connections.
LL Upper Sec D - Logic and Reasoning
- 1. Writing 101 Logic and Reasoning
- 2. Learning Objectives To learn the importance of logic when reasoning.
- 3. Review You have learnt that gathering viewpoints on different topics can be done quickly using a Key Word Cloud or Semantics Field. This Key Word Cloud gives you the vocabulary to write well.
- 4. Introduction You need to link them. The links you develop is built through logic, one step at a time. Like the steps of a ladder, you want to move your reader to believe you.
- 5. Comparison between good and bad Let's look at two examples of arguments. 1. Regular exercise is part and parcel of a healthy lifestyle. Thus, if you do not exercise much, you run a higher risk of contracting diseases. 2. Doing gymnastics in schools results in thousands of injuries to students a year. PE teachers need to be trained better in order to reduce the risk of injury to students as a result of doing gymnastics. Q: Which is more convincing? Why?
- 6. Poor logic stumbles Some 'ladder steps' are missing, preventing your reader to reach the conclusion you want. Doing gymnastics in schools results in thousands of injuries to students a year. PE teachers need to be trained better in order to reduce the risk of injury to students as a result of doing gymnastics. We know that the logic is missing when you can still add extra reasons without stating the obvious.
- 7. Good logic supports 1. Gymnastics is a high-contact sport. It also requires a high level of physical fitness and strength. As such, it attracts its fair share of injuries every year, numbering in the thousands. 2. To reduce the risk of injury, students need to pass a thorough medical examination and physical test before being allowed to the sport. Rules of play have to be thoroughly explained. 3. PE teachers can also be trained to provide special guidance to this sport, and to have the authority to ban any student from it if they repeatedly flout the rules.
- 8. No need to state the obvious We need not state every reason to form an argument. Sometimes, we can totally assume reader's knowledge without providing reasons: If you don't work hard and smart, you will have diffiulty passing your examinations. Even if you are smart and work hard, you will still need other people in your team to ensure your project succeeds. Q: Why are some reasons not necessary?
- 9. A good writer thinks logically When you build your logic, you are thinking critically about your points. If you are lacking in logical reasoning, you need to improve your general knowledge. If you are lacking in convincing power, you need to build more logic into your arguments.
- 10. Learning Activity Provide reasons of your own to support the argument. Bringing mobile phones to schools are a sure-fire way to disrupt classroom harmony. Students will be consumed with their gadgets and lose focus in class. Therefore, mobile phones should be banned in schools
- 11. Learning Acitivity Suggested Answers Allowing mobile phone in schools will likely result in disruption to classroom learning with its constant connection to the internet. Students might be disturbed by its vibrations even when it's silenced. Some students might argue that they will switch them off. This would mean then they have little reason to bring it to school in the first place. It will also become another target for thiefs looking for an easy loot. Therefore, mobile phones should be banned in schools.
- 12. Discussion What is logic? What happens when there's missing logic? How do we avoid making this mistake?
- 13. In Summary Logic is used to build our reasons one step at a time. Missing Logic will cause our arguments to be less convincing. We can avoid making this mistake by thinking hard whether there's any more reason we can use without stating the obvious.