Looking inside into computer system
- 1. CSE 1101- Introduction to Computer Looking Inside into Computer System
- 2. Objectives A complete computer system Four phases of the information processing cycle Four categories of computer hardware Units of measure for computer memory and storage Common input and output devices Storage devices Two main categories of computer software Difference between data, information and program Role of user with PC
- 3. A complete computer system 1. Hardware It refers to the physical and visible components. 2. Software It is used to control a computer. 3. Data Any set of characters that is gathered and translated for some purpose, usually analysis. 4. Users Differences between Hardware and Software?
- 4. Von Neumann Architecture Program instructions and data share the same memory and pathways. An instruction fetch and a data operation cannot occur at the same time
- 5. Harvard Architecture It contains separate storage and separate buses (signal path) for instruction and data. CPU can access instructions and read/write data at the same time. Von Neumann Vs. Harvard Architecture
- 6. Four phases of the information processing cycle 1. Input Computer receives data from input source by user or a program 2. Processing After receiving data, here the computer performs actions on the data like mathematical operations or logical comparisons etc. as per being instructed by user or a program. 3. Output After processing the data computer has generated information that now can be sent to output. 4. Storage After processing the data, computer can also store the data into an storage device for future use.
- 7. Four categories of computer hardware 1. Input Devices: For raw data input. 2. Processing Devices: To process raw data to generate useful information. 3. Output Devices: To disseminate data and information. 4. Memory/Storage Devices: Like memory devices but they are different as storage devices can keep data when the computer is turned off, can be used to store data both by a program and an user.
- 8. Units of measure for computer memory and storage Unit Abbreviation Actual Value (bytes) Kilobyte KB 1,024 Megabyte MB 1,048,576 Gigabyte GB 1,073,741,824 Terabyte TB 1,099,511,627,776
- 9. Common input and output devices Input devices ◦ Keyboard, Mouse, microphone ◦ Trackball, touchpad, joystick ◦ Scanner, digital camera Output devices ◦ Monitor, printer ◦ Speaker Both input and output devices ◦ Communication devices e.g. modem
- 10. Communication Devices Networking is the process of connecting one computer to another. Modem: A modem converts digital (computer readable) data to analog signals (e.g., telephone, television) and analog to digital. Network interface cards (NICs): Digital-to-digital hardware components that allow communication and can uniquely identify the computing device on the network.
- 11. Primary Memory RAM (Random Access Memory) ◦ It is the fastest type of memory. ◦ It is a temporal storage memory. RAM is volatile that only retains all the data as long as the computer powered. ◦ RAM stores the currently processed data from the CPU and sends them to the graphics unit. ROM (Read Only Memory) ◦ “Non-Volatile Memory” that retains data without the flow of electricity. ◦ ROM comes with pre-written by the computer manufacturer to hold the instructions for booting-up the computer.
- 12. Storage Device Magnetic storage • Magnetic disks (Device: removable disk drive) o E.g. Floppy disks • Hard disk (device: non removable Hard drive) Optical storage • Compact Disk (CD)(device: CD-ROM, CD-RW) • Digital Video Disk (DVD) (device: DVD players)
- 13. Computer Software Software is a collection of instructions, data, or computer programs used to run computers and carry out particular activities. System Software: ◦ Between the user and the hardware, it serves as a middle layer or mediator. It runs in the background of a device. Application Software: ◦ It aids users in completing tasks including research, note-taking, alarm setting, graphic design, and account log maintenance.
- 14. Two main categories of computer software 1. System software 2. Application software i. Operating system ii. Network operating system iii. Utility i. Word processing ii. Spreadsheet iii. Database iv. Presentation v. Graphics vi. Multimedia vii. Entertainment and Education viii.Web design ix. Games
- 15. Why Software is Important? Maximizes the Full Potential of Hardware ◦ The most cutting-edge hardware in computing means nothing if there is no software to run on it. Provides an Intuitive Interface to Work With ◦ The way we interact with our gadgets is predetermined by the software running on them, so it's clear how crucial it is. Promotes Innovation and Collaboration ◦ People can now transfer critical information and instructions regardless of distance. Boosts Efficiency and Productivity
- 16. Difference between data, information and program Data Information Program Piece of information without context Data placed in context Set of instructions that tells the computer how to perform tasks
- 17. Role of user with a PC Setting up the system Installing Software Running Program Managing Files File hierarchy File manager
- 18. Thank You!!!