IFI7159 M2
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This document discusses several cognitive modeling theories relevant to human-computer interaction (HCI), including direct manipulation theory, Norman's theory of action involving gulfs of execution and evaluation, and the Keystroke-Level Model (KLM) and GOMS modeling approaches. It provides examples of how direct manipulation relates to engagement and distance between thoughts and system requirements. It also explains Norman's gulfs of execution and evaluation and provides examples. The document defines the basic operations in KLM like key presses and mouse movements. It describes how GOMS breaks tasks down into goals, operators, methods and selection rules. Finally, it provides an example GOMS model for deleting a file.
![[M2]
classical theories
cognitive modeling](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m2lectureslides-141001092848-phpapp02/85/IFI7159-M2-1-320.jpg)
![GOAL: DELETE-FILE
. GOAL: SELECT-FILE
. . [select: GOAL: KEYBOARD-TAB-METHOD
. . GOAL: MOUSE-METHOD]
. . VERIFY-SELECTION
. GOAL: ISSUE-DELETE-COMMAND
. . [select*: GOAL: KEYBOARD-DELETE-METHOD
. . . PRESS-DELETE
. . . GOAL: CONFIRM-DELETE
. . GOAL: DROP-DOWN-MENU-METHOD
. . . MOVE-MOUSE-OVER-FILE-ICON
. . . CLICK-RIGHT-MOUSE-BUTTON
. . . LOCATE-DELETE-COMMAND
. . . MOVE-MOUSE-TO-DELETE-COMMAND
. . . CLICK-LEFT-MOUSE-BUTTON
. . . GOAL: CONFIRM-DELETE
. . GOAL: DRAG-AND-DROP-METHOD
. . . MOVE-MOUSE-OVER-FILE-ICON
. . . PRESS-LEFT-MOUSE-BUTTON
. . . LOCATE-RECYCLING-BIN
. . . MOVE-MOUSE-TO-RECYCLING-BIN
. . . RELEASE-LEFT-MOUSE-BUTTON]
*Selection rule for GOAL: ISSUE-DELETE-COMMAND
If hands are on keyboard, use KEYBOARD-DELETE-METHOD,
else if Recycle bin is visible, use DRAG-AND-DROP-METHOD,
else use DROP-DOWN-MENU-METHOD](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/m2lectureslides-141001092848-phpapp02/85/IFI7159-M2-32-320.jpg)
IFI7159 M2
- 1. [M2] classical theories cognitive modeling
- 3. theory as paradigm that which underpins research design
- 4. theory as a lens that which may inform our understanding of the phenomenon under investigation
- 5. theory as new knowledge that which may emerge from our study
- 6. roles of theory in HCI
- 7. descriptive explanatory predictive prescriptive generative
- 8. what other conceptualisations did you find when going over your assignments?
- 10. (raw) cognitive psychology (applied) basic research cognitive modeling
- 11. but let’s focus on cognitive modeling
- 14. direct manipulation relates to distance and engagement
- 15. distance between one’s thoughts and the requirements of the system under use
- 16. engagement as in the feeling that one is directly manipulating the objects of interest
- 17. theory of action
- 21. the gulf of execution represents the difficulty the user has in translating a psychological goal into a physical action
- 22. for example, the goal learn more about avocados is purely psychological the user of a hypertext system on the WWW will need to see the available links, recognize the appropriate choice, and use the mouse to point and click on that link thus, in order to learn more about avocados, the user needs to execute a set of physical steps
- 23. the gulf of evaluation represents the user's difficulty in evaluating whether the response of the computer system meets the desired goal
- 24. in the previous example, the user would need to perceive the system response, examine the resulting node, and assess whether it presented the proper information about avocados
- 26. KLM quantifies operations such as… K Press a key or button P Point to a target on the display H Home hands on input device D Draw a line segment M Mentally prepare for an action R (system response time)
- 28. Goals, Operators, Methods, Selectors
- 29. goals are what the user wants to achieve and can be broken down into subgoals operators are actions performed in service of a goal and can be perceptual, cognitive or motor acts methods are sequences of operators and subgoal invocations accomplishing a specific goal selection rules represent the user’s knowledge of which method should be applied
- 30. GOMS is good at modeling goal-directed tasks
- 31. GOMS is good for… comparing different designs building a help system parametric analysis profiling
- 32. GOAL: DELETE-FILE . GOAL: SELECT-FILE . . [select: GOAL: KEYBOARD-TAB-METHOD . . GOAL: MOUSE-METHOD] . . VERIFY-SELECTION . GOAL: ISSUE-DELETE-COMMAND . . [select*: GOAL: KEYBOARD-DELETE-METHOD . . . PRESS-DELETE . . . GOAL: CONFIRM-DELETE . . GOAL: DROP-DOWN-MENU-METHOD . . . MOVE-MOUSE-OVER-FILE-ICON . . . CLICK-RIGHT-MOUSE-BUTTON . . . LOCATE-DELETE-COMMAND . . . MOVE-MOUSE-TO-DELETE-COMMAND . . . CLICK-LEFT-MOUSE-BUTTON . . . GOAL: CONFIRM-DELETE . . GOAL: DRAG-AND-DROP-METHOD . . . MOVE-MOUSE-OVER-FILE-ICON . . . PRESS-LEFT-MOUSE-BUTTON . . . LOCATE-RECYCLING-BIN . . . MOVE-MOUSE-TO-RECYCLING-BIN . . . RELEASE-LEFT-MOUSE-BUTTON] *Selection rule for GOAL: ISSUE-DELETE-COMMAND If hands are on keyboard, use KEYBOARD-DELETE-METHOD, else if Recycle bin is visible, use DRAG-AND-DROP-METHOD, else use DROP-DOWN-MENU-METHOD