Manipulators
- 1. MANIPULATORS Presented By- Vaishnavi (B.Sc IT 4th sem) Email id-vaishnavi2021999@gmail.com
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- 3. Hello! I am Vaishnai I am here because I love to give presentations. You can find me at @vaishnavi.in 3
- 4. CONTENTS • Introduction to Manipulators • Types of Manipulators • Input manipulators • Output Manipulators • Parameterized manipulators 4
- 5. INTRODUCTION • Manipulators are operators that are used to format the data display . • It is mainly used for make-up the program. • Manipulators functions are special stream function that changes certain characteristics of the input and output . • To carry out the operations of the manipulators functions in user program, the header file input and output manipulator<iomanip.h> must be included. • Manipulators are the functions specially designed to be used in conjunction with insertion (<<) and extraction (>>) operator on stream object. e.g.- cout<<boolalpha; • Manipulators are used to change formatting parameters on streams and to insert or extract certain special characters.
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- 7. • Ws-The manipulator function ws stands for white space. It is used to ignore the leading white space that precedes the first field. INPUT MANIPULATORS . 7
- 8. OUTPUT MANIPULATORS i. Endl- The endl is an an output manipulator to generate a carriage return or linefeed character. The endl may be used several times in a c++ statement. Write a newline ('n') and flush buffer. ii. Ends-The ends is a manipulator used to attach a null terminator(‘0’) at the end of a string. The ends manipulator takes no argument whenever it is invoked. This causes a null character to the output. . . 8
- 9. Continued… iii. Flush -The flush member function is used to cause the stream associated with the output to be completely emptied. This argument function takes no input parameter whenever it is invoked. In case of a disk file being copied to another ,it has to flush the output buffer prior to rewinding the output file for continued use . Flush() does not have anything to do with flushing the input buffer. 9
- 10. PARAMETRIZEDMANIPULATORS i. Setiosflag- The setiosflag manipulator function is used to control different input and output settings. The IO stream maintains a collection of flag bits. The setiosflag manipulators performs the same function as the setf function. SYNTAX-setiosflag(long f) ii. Resetioflags- It performs the same functions as that of the resetf function . flag represented by the set bits in f are reset. SYNTAX-Resetioflags(long f) 10
- 11. Continued…. • Setw()-The setw() stands for the ‘setwidth’. The setw() manipulators is used to specify the minimum no. of character position on the output field a variable will consume. SYNTAX-setw (int w) setw(int w) changes the field width to w , but only for the new insertion. the default width is 0. Between the data variables in c ++ space will not be inserted automatic -ally by the compiler .It is upto programmer to introduce proper spaces among data while displaying onto screen. 11
- 12. Continued…. • Setfill()-To Setfill() manipulator function is used to specify a different character to fill the unused field width of the value. The default fill character is a space. SYNTAX-Setfill(char f) 12
- 13. Continued…. • Setbase()- Setbase field flag; Sets the base-field to one of its possible values: decimal, hexadecimal or octal according to argument base. 13 std::Setbase (int base); decimal : if base is 10 hexadecimal : if base is 16 octal : if base is 8 zero : if base is any other value.
- 14. Continued…. • Setprecision-It is used to control the no. of digits of an output stream display of a floating point value . SYNTAX-Setprecision(int p) which set precision for floating point insertion to p. The default precision is 6. 14
- 15. REFRENCES 15 Object Oriented Programming C++ -E.Balagurusamy Let us C++ -Yashwant Kanetkar Mastering C++ - K.R.Venugopal Programming with C++ -C.Ravichandran