Methodological Fit
- 1. METHODOLOGICAL FIT IN MANAGEMENT FIELD RESEARCH Rashid Shafiq Farooq Ahmad By AMY C. Edmondson Stacy E. Mcmanus
- 2. Origin, history and evolution The authors of this article AMY C. EDMONDSON & STACY E. MCMANUS Harvard Business School Monitor Executive Development Edmondson received her PhD in organizational behavior AMY C. EDMONDSON is a Professor of Leadership and Management Co-Unit Head, Technology and Operations Management Unit at Harvard Business School Edmondson joined the Harvard faculty in 1996. Her research examines leadership influences on learning, collaboration and innovation in teams and organizations Over 50 articles published in academic journals, management periodicals, and books.
- 3. Contd.. In 2003, the Academy of Management's Organizational Behavior Division selected Professor Edmondson for the Cummings Award for outstanding achievement in early mid-career, and in 2000 selected her article, "Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams," for its annual award for the best published paper in the field. Her article (with Anita Tucker), "Why Hospitals Don't Learn from Failures: Organizational and Psychological Dynamics That Inhibit System Change" received the 2004 Accenture Award for a significant contribution to management practice . Professor Edmondson teaches MBA and Executive Education courses in leadership, team decision making, and organizational learning, and a doctoral course in field research methods. She has served on 18 doctoral committees and is the author of twenty HBS teaching cases, including leadership cases on The Cleveland Clinic, General Motors Power train, Prudential Financial, Simmons Mattress Company, YUM brands, IDEO product design, and NASA's failed Columbia mission.
- 4. Contd.. This article was published in Academy of Management Review on 2007 The main purpose of this article is to provide guidelines for helping new field researchers develop and sharpen their ability to align theory and methods in field research as well as Author also suggest that methodological fit in field research is created through an iterative learning process that requires a mindset in which feedback, rethinking, and revising are embraced as valued activities, and to discuss the implications of this for educating new field researchers. Methodological fit has deep roots in organizational research
- 5. Contd.. In 1976, Bouchard focused on how to implement research techniques such as Interviews, Questionnaires and Observation, noted, “ The key to good research lies not in choosing the right method, but rather in asking the right question and picking the most powerful method for answering that particular question” Author has pointed out the issue in this article about the appropriateness of combining qualitative and quantitative methods within a single research project. Discussion is that whether qualitative and quantitative methods investigate the same phenomena,
- 6. Contd.. are philosophically consistent, and are paradigms that can reasonably be integrated within a study. Author propose that the two methods can be combined successfully in cases where the goal is to increase validity of new measures through triangulation (a process by which the same phenomenon is assessed with different methods to determine whether convergence across methods exists).
- 7. Theory, Model and Research type In this Article Author introduces a framework for assessing and promoting methodological fit as an overarching criterion for ensuring quality field research Methodological fit promotes the development of accurate and required field research Author define Methodological fit as internal consistency among elements of research project Research Question Prior Work Research Design Contribution to literature
- 8. Contd.. Model presented in this Article Research question Prior Work Research design Contribution to Literature Methodological Fit
- 9. The theory developed as an outcome of the study New ideas that contest conventional wisdom, challenge prior assumptions, integrate prior streams of research to produce a new mode, or refine understanding of a phenomenon Any practical insights drawn from the findings that may be suggested by the researcher Contribution to literature Type of data to be collected Data collection tools and procedures Type of analysis planned Finding/selection of sites for collecting data Research design The State of the literature Existing theoretical and empirical research papers that pertain to the topic of the current study An aid in identifying unanswered questions, unexplored areas, relevant constructs, and areas of low agreement Prior work Focuses A study Narrows the topic area to meaningful, manageable size Addresses issues of theoretical and practical significance Points toward a variable research project – that is, the question can be answered Research question Description Element Four Key Elements of a Field Research Project
- 10. Contd.. Three Levels of Prior Work Intermediate Mature Nascent Intermediate In intermediate level hybrid methodological approach is used Mature correspond to quantitative methodological approach Nascent correspond to qualitative methodological approach
- 11. Contd.. Parameters for Methodological Fit A suggestive theory, A supported theory A provisional theory Theoretical contribution Thematic content analysis coding for evidence of constructs Statistical inference, standard statistical analyses Content analysis, exploratory statistics & ….. Data analysis methods Pattern identification Formal hypothesis testing Preliminary or exploratory testing of new constructs Goal of data analyses Typically new construct, few formal measures Typically relying heavily on existing constructs & measures Typically one or more new constructs and/or new measures Constructs & measures Interviews; observations; obtaining other documents … Surveys; interviews or observation ……. Interviews; observations; Surveys; … Illustrative methods for collecting data Qualitative, initially open-ended data that need to be interpreted for meaning Quantitative Hybrid Type of data collected Open-ended inquiry about a phenomenon of interest Focused questions and/or hypotheses relating existing constructs Proposed relationships between new & establish constructs Research questions Nascent Mature Intermediate State of Prior Theory & Research
- 12. Contd.. Traditional Implicit View of the Field Research Process Identify target area of interest Read the literature Develop Research question Design a study Collect & analyze data Write up results Publish
- 13. Founders, Proponents and Critics Terrence Mitchell Jim Detert Robin Ely David Ager Richard Hockman Connie Hadley Bertrand Moingeon Wendy Smith Amy C. Edmondson Stacy E. Mcmanus Critics Proponents Founder
- 14. Contd.. Terrence Mitchell Masters and Ph.D. from Illinois in 1969 in organizational psychology. He has been at the University of Washington since 1969 and became the Carlson Professor of Management in 1987, a position he still holds (renewed four times). The Carlson Professorship is one of the largest and most prestigious professorships awarded by School. He is also a Professor of Psychology at the University of Washington. Over the past 30 years he has published over 100 journal articles He has won THE University of Washington Business School’s s Best Researcher award three times, most recently in 2005.
- 15. Proposed Model . Nature of Study Qualitative Quantitative Selection of Appropriate data Collection Methods Interviews Questionnaire Observations Independent Variable Dependent Variable
- 16. Variables & Methodology Variables Independent Variable Nature of Study (Quantitative / Qualitative) Dependent Variable Selection of Appropriate Data collection method (Questionnaire, Interviews, Observations) Methodology Literature review