millimeter wave

Outline INTRODUCTION MM-Wave networks Conclusion REFERENCES
Millimeter wave Communication in 5G Cellular
Networks
Saeed sadeghi velni
superviser:
Prof. Ahmad Reza Sharafat
Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Tarbiat Modares University
July 2015
1 / 23 saeed sadeghi velni Millimeter Wave in 5G Cellular Networks

Outline
Introduction
Millimeter Wave Communications
Conclusion
References

Why next generation
[1,2]

New Cellular Architecture
Increased Capacity
[1,2]

Cognitive Radio Networks
Visible Light Communications
Other Schemes
[1,2]

INTRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS
CHALLENGES AND EXISTING SOLUTIONS

Millimeter wave frequencies
[3,4]

ADVANTAGES:
Large bandwidth
Extremely high frequencies allow multiple short-distance
Narrow beam-width
Reduced hardware size
LIMITATIONS:
Higher costs
Signiﬁcant attenuation
[3,4]

Channel Measurement
Huge propagation loss:
A common myth in the wireless engineering commu-
nity is that rain and atmosphere make mm-wave spec-
trum useless for mobile communications.
[3,4]

Atmospheric and molecular absorption at mmWave frequencies
[3,4]

Rain attenuation at microwave and mmWave frequencies
[3,4]

Directivity:
It offers high gain in one direction, while offering very low gains
in all other directions.
Sensitivity to Blockage :
Electromagnetic waves have weak ability to diffract around ob-
stacles with a size signiﬁcantly larger than the wavelength. With
a small wavelength, links in the 60 GHz band are sensitive to
blockage by obstacles.
[3,4]

Integrated Circuits and System Design
Severe nonlinear distortion of power ampliﬁers
Phase noise
Highly directional antennas
Solutions:
Phased array antennas operating at 28 GHz with near spherical coverage
Cavity-backed slot (CBS) antenna
Planar aperture antenna with differential feeding
Planar superstrate antenna suitable for integration with mmWave
transceiver integrated circuits
[3,4]

Interference Management and Spatial Reuse
Iinterference in the network can be divided into inter-BSS interference
and intra-BSS interference.
Solutions:
Power control and transmission coordination
Spatial reuse
TDMA
Centralized coordination
[3,4]

Anti-blockage
Solutions:
Switch LOS link to NLOS link
Equal-gain diversity scheme
Maximal selection by tracing the shadowing process
Dynamics due to user mobility
Channel variation cause signiﬁcant and rapid load ﬂuctuations in each
BSS.
Solutions:
Optimal distributed association algorithm
Handover scheme based on Moving Extended Cells (MEC)
[3,4]

Small Cell Access
To keep up with the explosive growth of mobile trafﬁc , massive densiﬁ-
cation of small cells has been proposed.
Small cells are deployed underlying the macrocells.
[3]

Cellular Access
The feasibility and efﬁciency of applying mmWave communications in
the cellular networks have been demonstrated at 28 GHz and 38 GHz
with the cell sizes in the order of 200 m.
[3]

Cellular Access D2D communication
Link
Interference
[3,5]

Wireless Backhaul
With small cells densely deployed in 5G networks, it is costly to inter
connect 5G base stations (BSs) and to the network by ﬁber based back-
haul.
[3]

CONCLUSION
Millimeter wave communication is a promising candidate for fu-
ture wireless networks to meet the requirement of the mobile traf-
ﬁc.

References
[1] Cheng-Xiang Wang; Haider, F.; Xiqi Gao; Xiao-Hu You; Yang Yang;
Dongfeng Yuan; Aggoune, H.; Haas, H.; Fletcher, S.; Hepsaydir, E.,
"Cellular architecture and key technologies for 5G wireless
communication networks,"
IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.52, no.2, pp.122,130, February
2014.
[2] Boccardi, F; Heath, R.W.; Lozano, A.; Marzetta, T.L.; Popovski, P.,
"Five disruptive technology directions for 5G,"
IEEE Communications Magazine, vol.52, no.2, pp.74,80, February
2014.

References (cont.)
[3]Niu, Yong, et al,
"A Survey of Millimeter Wave (mmWave) Communications for 5G:
Opportunities and Challenges,"
Springer, April 2015.
[4]Lili Wei; Hu, R.; Yi Qian; Geng Wu,
"Key elements to enable millimeter wave communications for 5G
wireless systems,"
IEEE Wireless Communications, vol.21, no.6, pp.136,143, December
2014.

References (cont.)
[5] Jian Qiao; Xuemin Shen; Mark, J.; Qinghua Shen; Yejun He; Lei Lei,
"Enabling device-to-device communications in millimeter-wave 5G
cellular networks,"
IEEE Communications Magazine , vol.53, no.1, pp.209,215, January
2015

millimeter wave

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