Module 7 || Topic in Oral Communication in Context
- 1. Qualitative Research Procedures Prepared by: RENELYN M. CASTAÑARES MODULE 7
- 2. Objectives: At the end of this module, I can: a. Describe qualitative research designs. b. Choose appropriate qualitative research design.
- 3. c. Describe sampling procedure and the sample.
- 5. 1. Which among the qualitative research designs is most appealing to you? Why? 2. Which qualitative research approach is most appropriate for your study based on your working research title?
- 6. ETHNOGRAPHY
- 7. Ethnographic research -is a qualitative research method that aims to get a holistic picture of a specific group, society, institution or any situation.
- 8. Ethnographic research -studies the culture of one group by documenting the everyday experiences of the people involved through in-depth interviews and continuous participant observation.
- 9. Sample topics: 1. Voting behavior of people in one barangay or town 2. Science-related practices of one tribe in Luzon 3. waste management 4. Practices of one school
- 10. Ethnographic research -requires 3 important things: 1. a detailed description of the group being studied 2. Analysis of the group in terms of themes and constructs
- 11. Ethnographic research 3. Interpretations of the researchers to the group as to meanings, symbols and generalizations
- 12. If you opt to employ ethnographic research, YOU are supposed to IMMERSE in the group to obtain a firsthand source of information and become participant of the study itself in order to get the participants’ perspective.
- 13. Fraenkel and Wallen (2010) listed down some important concepts when doing ethnographic research: 1. culture 2. holistic perspective 3. Contextualization 4. Emic 5. Etic perspective 6. Thick description 7. Member checking 8. Nonjudgmental orientation
- 14. CASE STUDY
- 15. Case Study - is a documented study on a particular person, group, institution, or event. The case study is done to analyze constructs or themes.
- 16. Usually, these constructs or themes lead to the identification of variable which is important for the discussion of your study.
- 17. Case Study - can focus on one particular issue (e.g., teenage pregnancy) - applicable to business (e.g., to study what makes a brand credible). You may focus on one company that is considered credible and study the factors that contribute to its credibility.
- 18. Advantage of Case Study - focused on one person or group. Meaning: you can have an in- depth investigation and your attention is concentrated on your study.
- 20. After you have chosen the most appropriate qualitative research method use, the next step is to identify the participants of your study.
- 21. In doing so, sampling procedure is to decided. It is not advisable to study the entire population. This is why a sample or the representative of the population is only needed in the research.
- 22. In doing so, sampling procedure is to decided. It is not advisable to study the entire population. This is why a sample or the representative of the population is only needed in the research.
- 23. One of the procedures commonly used in any qualitative research is purposive sampling.
- 24. Big Idea: Purposive sampling is a crucial step in the qualitative research process. This represents the group being studied.
- 25. Purposive sampling is used when participants are grouped according to a set of criteria specified in your research.
- 26. Creswell (2005) listed nine types of purposive sampling (cited in Fraenkel and Wallen, 2010): 1. Typical sample 2. Critical sample 3. Homogenous sample 4. Theoretical sample 5. Extreme case 6. Opportunistic sample
- 27. 7. Confirming sample 8. Maximal sample 9. Snowball sample
- 28. 1. Typical Sample - is the typical representative of that being studied such as a class of grade 9 students.
- 29. 2. Critical Sample - is considered to be exceptional or unusual such as group of high achievers despite physical disabilities.
- 30. 2. Critical Sample - is considered to be exceptional or unusual such as group of high achievers despite physical disabilities.
- 31. 3. Homogenous Sample - is considered if all the members of the sample have a common characteristic or trait such as group of singers.
- 32. 4. Theoretical Sample - is considered in helping the researcher to understand a new concept or theory such as choosing a group of student leaders in assessing student leadership.
- 33. 5. Extreme case Sample - is considered if all the members of the group do not fit with the general pattern or display extreme characteristics such as group of high school students who achieve high grades despite poor social environment.
- 34. 6. Opportunistic Sample - is chosen during the study to take advantage of new conditions or circumstances that have arisen such as a group of Grade 7 students who are the first to be involved in the implementation of K-12 curriculum.
- 35. 7. Confirming Sample - is obtained to validate initial findings such as a follow-up interview of a group of teachers to verify the frequent absenteeism of students.
- 36. 8. Maximal Variation Sample - is selected to represent a wide perspectives or characteristics such as a group of players who possess a wide variety of behavior on the new policy of sports competition.
- 37. 9. Snowball Sample - is selected as the need arises during the conduct of research such as a group of school heads is needed because they were recommended during interviews of school principal.