![varjax lk/kuk
ÁR;kgkj] /kkj.kk] /;ku
• Long term effects on mind & body.
• Regular practice over a period of time increases-
1)Flexibility 2)Strength 3)Endurance 4)Stamina.
• Programming can be changed, it must be
changed
l rq nh?kZdkyuSjar;ZlRdkjklsforks n`<Hkwfe%AA PYS AA
• Tratak ,Prayer & Omkar also bring about peace,
attitue of faith & Total surrender.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mssystem-170204040631/85/Ms-system-63-320.jpg)
![varjax lk/kuk
ÁR;kgkj] /kkj.kk] /;ku
• Long term effects on mind & body.
• Regular practice over a period of time increases-
1)Flexibility 2)Strength 3)Endurance 4)Stamina.
• Programming can be changed, it must be
changed
l rq nh?kZdkyuSjar;ZlRdkjklsforks n`<Hkwfe%AA PYS AA
• Tratak ,Prayer & Omkar also bring about peace,
attitue of faith & Total surrender.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/mssystem-170204040631/85/Ms-system-64-320.jpg)
Ms system
- 1. Ghantali Mitra Mandal Diploma in Yoga Education # 22 MUSCULOSKELETON SYSTEM
- 2. Skeletal System • Framework of the Body • Supports the Softer Parts of Body • Supports the Muscles • Protects Vital Organs • Helps in Movement of Body Parts/ Body • Gives definite Shape to Body • Helps to Take Particular Position
- 3. Skeletal System • Consists of Bones & Articulations • Production of Red Blood Cells in the Bone Marrow of Long Bones - 2.5 million RBCs Every Second • Storage of Calcium & Phosphate in Bones- Keep Dynamic Balance of These Minerals in Bones & Blood
- 4. Human Body • Divided in Two Parts • Central Body:- Head & Trunk • Attachment to the Trunk Upper Extremities – Arms Lower Extremities - Legs
- 5. Skeletal System • Axial Skeleton • Skull • Vertebral Column & Rib Cage (12 Pairs of Ribs & Sternum) • Appendicular Skeleton • Shoulder Girdle • Upper Limbs • Pelvic Girdle • Lower Limbs
- 6. Axial / Appendicular Skeletal System
- 7. Bones • Very Hard Substance • Composition – Calcium & Phosphorus • Bone Marrow is a Soft Core of Bones (where Blood Cells are Produced) • Supplied with Nerves, Blood Vessels, Lymphatic Vessels
- 8. Bones • Four Types Based on Shape. • Shape Reflects Function • Long : Provide Leverage • Flat : Provide Protection & Place for Attachment of Broad Muscles • Short : Weight Bearing • Irregular : Weight Bearing and also Restricted Movement
- 9. Flat Bones
- 10. Long Bones
- 11. Short Bones
- 12. Irregular Bones
- 13. Joint or Articulation • A Point Where Two Bones or A Bones and Cartilage Contact Each Other • Various Shapes Depending on Requirement of Stability or Mobility
- 14. Fibrous Joint • Articulating Bones Held Very Close to Each other by Fibrous Connective Tissue • Very Limited or No Movement Permitted • Joint Between Skull Bones, Ulna & Radius, Tibia & Fibula
- 15. Cartilaginous Joint • Joining Material is Cartilaginous Tissue • No Movement or Slight Movement • First Rib & Sternum
- 16. Synovial Joint • Space Between Articulating Bones • Allows Movement • Articular Capsule Encloses Joint Cavity • Cartilage in Between the Two Bones • Outer Fibrous Layer Prevents Dislocation • Synovial Fluid Secretion in Inner Membrane of Capsule
- 17. Synovial Joint • Gliding Joint • e.g. Carpels & Tarsal Bones
- 18. Synovial Joint • Hinge Joint • Movement Similar to Hinge e.g. Knee or Elbow
- 19. Synovial Joint • Pivot Joint • Similar to Rotation around a Pivot e.g. – Joint Between 1st Vertebra (Atlas) & 2nd Vertebra (Axis)
- 20. Synovial Joint • Ellipsoid Joint • Semicircular Movement e. g. Wrist Joint
- 21. Synovial Joint • Ball & Socket Joint • Rotation Possible in a Large Angle • e.g. Hip Joint, Shoulder Joint
- 22. Synovial Joint • Saddle Joint Biaxial Joint Allows Movement in Two Axis e.g. Base of the Thumb
- 23. Shoulder Girdle • Set of Bones Which Connects Arms to the Axial Skeleton on Each Side • Clavicle & Scapula Bones
- 24. Pelvic Girdle • Bones which Provide Connection to Lower Limbs. • Formed by Hip Bones and Sacrum on the Rear Side
- 25. Rib Cage • Made Up of 12 Pairs of Ribs • Articulated with Vertebrae at the Back and Sternum in the Front • Provide Protection to Lungs & Heart
- 26. Vertebral Column (Spine) • Consists of 33 Vertebrae • Divided in 4 Parts • Cervical – 7 • Thoracic – 12 • Lumber – 5 • Sacral – 5 (fused) • Coccygeal – 5 (fused)
- 28. Vertebral Column (Spine) • When Viewed from Side Appears in Double S Shaped Curve • Curves in Cervical & Lumber Region - Lordosys • Curves in Thoracic & Sacro-coccygeal Region – Kyphosys
- 29. Vertebral Column • Curves Increase Strength of Spine • Maintain Balance in Upright Posture • Absorb Shocks & Jerks During Walking, Running, Jumping
- 30. Vertebral Column (Spine) • Between Vertebral Bodies - Intervertebral Disk • Long & Short Muscles Mobilise & Stabilise the Spine • Strong Skeletal Muscles Connect Vertebral Column to Soulder & Pelvic Girdle
- 31. Vertebral Column Movements of Vertebral Column • Forward Bending - Flexion. • Backward Bending - Extension. • (R) side bending - (R) Flexion. • (L) side bending - (L) Flexion. • (R) side turning -(R) Rotation. • (L) side turning - (L) Rotation
- 32. Examples of Disk Problems
- 33. Effect of Yoga Practices • Asanas Focused on Vertebral Column - Keep Inter-vertebral Disks Healthy • Normal Curvatuer of Vertebral Column Maintained • Stimulus in Form of Stretch of Muscles Tendons Help in Bone Remodeling Thus Helps To Prevent Osteoporosis
- 34. Effect of Yoga Practices • Various Asanas Help to Keep Joints Healthy and Mobile • Yogic Breathing Helps in Maintaining Flexibility of Ribs • Shavasana Helps in Relaxing Joins and Muscles • Meditative Posture Helps to Maintain Normal Spinal Curve & Proper Blood Circulation
- 35. Muscular System • Locomotion & Movement • Posture Formation & Maintain a Posture • Assistance in Blood Circulation/ Respiration • Protection & Support to Viscera • Generate Force & Work byConverting Chemical Energy to Mechanical Energy • Many other functions like Digestion, Defecation, Process of Child Birth
- 36. Muscular System • Voluntary Muscles - Skeletal Muscles • Involuntary Muscles - Smooth Muscles - Cardiac Muscles
- 37. Skeletal Muscles • Muscles Attached to Skeleton • Composed of Elongated Several Thread-like Muscle Fibers, are Striated • Supplied with Blood Vessels & Nerve Fibers • Finely Controlled by Neuro-Muscular Coordination
- 38. Skeletal Muscles • Adequate Nerve Impulse from Motor Area of Cerebral Cortex Initiates Movement • Nerve Impulse Causes Chemical Changes & Muscle Contracts (conversion of Chem Energy to Mechanical Energy) • Sensors Located in Muscle Spindles & Tendon Organs
- 39. Skeletal Muscles • Sensors Send Info To Brain About State of Muscle i.e. Contracted or Stretched • Stretch Reflex Protects Extreme Contraction or Stretch • Stretch Reflex Helps in Maintaining Posture
- 40. Skeletal Muscles • Movements Possible in Skeletal Muscles: Flexion, Extension, Abduction, Adduction & Rotation in Two Directions
- 41. Body Movements
- 42. Skeletal Muscle - Based on Movement • Flexors • Extensors • Abductors • Adductors • Synergistic Muscles
- 43. Skeletal Muscles Other Important Skeletal Muscles • Diaphragm • Abdominal Recti Muscles • Pelvic Floor Muscles
- 44. Diaphram • Divides Thoracic & Abdominal Cavities • Principle Muscle for Respiration • Voluntarily Controllable to Some Extent • Exerts Gentle Pressure on Abdominal Parts in Every Breathing Cycle • Diaphragmic Breathing Extends the Movement of Contraction & Relaxation
- 45. Diaphragm
- 46. Abdominal Recti Muscle • Protects & Supports Visceral Parts & Hold Them in Respective Position • Vertically placed in anterior abdomen with tendinous bands horizontally • Strong and Helps Vigorous Actions - Flexion
- 47. Abdominal Recti Muscle Diag
- 48. Pelvic Floor Muscles • Support Visceral Organs Against Gravity
- 49. Muscle Tone • Adequate Tone (Tension) required for Muscle Activity • It Existes Even at Rest Condition • Regulation of Tone Done by Cerebral Cortex & Cerebellum. Emotions Affect Muscle Tone
- 50. Muscle Tone • Hypotonic Condition- Muscle Tone is Inadequate Below Required Level • Strong Emotions like Disappointment, Depression, Fear etc. can Reduce Muscle Tone • Person Becomes Inactive & Sluggish • If Continued for Long Time May Lead to Low BP, Lack of Confidence, Inferiority Complex et.
- 51. Muscle Tone • Hypertonic Condition - • Strong Emotions Like Happiness, Love, Anger, Hatred Increase Muscle Tone. • Person Becomes Hyperactive • Person May Suffer From High BP, Insomniia, Unsteadiness etc.
- 52. Muscle Contraction • Isometric (Static) Contraction– Length Constant, Tension Alters • Isotonic Contraction – Tension Constant, Length Alters
- 53. Muscle Contraction • Isotonic (Dynamic) Contraction – Increase in Stamina & Flexibility Increase in Heart Rate only if Done for a Long Time Easy Mobility Produces More Heat Perspiration is More Energy Expenditure is Less
- 54. Muscle Contraction • Isometric (Static) Contraction Increase in Heart Rate & BP Helps in Maintaining Steady Posture Increase in Strength of Muscle Produces Less Heat Than Isotonic Contraction Perspiration is Less Energy Expenditure More Than Isotonic
- 55. Involuntary Muscles Smooth Muscles • Appear spindle shaped without striations • Function entirely without conscious control Controlled by autonomic nervous system • Contract & Relax Very Slowly • Contraction Very Powerful & Can Remain in Contracted State for Long Time • Can Stretch without Developing Tension
- 56. Involuntary Muscles • Contd.. • Outer Longitudinal Layer Covers Inner Circular Layer • Contraction of these Layers Pushes Food Bolus Ahead • Form part of the wall of all the tubes & ducts • Perform involuntary functions like digestion, excretion, circulation, reproduction etc
- 58. Smooth Muscle Cardiac muscle • Continuous muscle mass forms the heart. • Straited like skeletal muscle. • Involuntary like smooth muscle. • Contraction are maintained by cardiac pacemaker • Affected by emotions and stress.
- 59. Effects of yoga practices ;ksx lk/kuseqGs?kMwu;s.kkjs ifj.kke 1)Yama & Niyams ¼;e fu;e½: Lead to calm mind . Emotions & tensions affect the muscle tone . Calm mind normalises the muscle tone & posture. 2)Asanas & Mudras ¼ vklu eqnkz½: • If asanas are done in relaxed way , muscle tone is corrected. Emotions & muscle tone are closely related.Hence asanas lead to balancing of emotions. (P.Y.S definition of asanas must be followed for better results). • Increase in neuromuscular co-ordination ¼eTtk Luk;fod leUo;½.
- 60. Effects of yoga practices(contd.) 3)Selection of practice ¼lk/kusph fuoM½: • Hypertonicity ¼vfrrk.k½- More relaxative practices. • Hypotonicity ¼ dehrk.k½- Dynamic & preparatory practices. • Cultural asanas – Muscles become supple & stable. • Meditative & relaxative asanas –induce relaxation in all skeletal muscles.
- 62. Effects of yoga practices (contd.) 4)Mudras and bandhas. ¼eqnzkvkf.k ca/k½ • Create positive and negative pressure inside. • Maintained with ease & comfort. • Tone up smooth muscles due to change in pressure. • Voluntary muscles control involuntary muscles. 5)Kriyas: ¼’kq)hfØ;k½ Uddiyan,agnisar,nauli. • Tone up & strengthen abdominal recti and diaphragm.
- 63. varjax lk/kuk ÁR;kgkj] /kkj.kk] /;ku • Long term effects on mind & body. • Regular practice over a period of time increases- 1)Flexibility 2)Strength 3)Endurance 4)Stamina. • Programming can be changed, it must be changed l rq nh?kZdkyuSjar;ZlRdkjklsforks n`<Hkwfe%AA PYS AA • Tratak ,Prayer & Omkar also bring about peace, attitue of faith & Total surrender.
- 64. varjax lk/kuk ÁR;kgkj] /kkj.kk] /;ku • Long term effects on mind & body. • Regular practice over a period of time increases- 1)Flexibility 2)Strength 3)Endurance 4)Stamina. • Programming can be changed, it must be changed l rq nh?kZdkyuSjar;ZlRdkjklsforks n`<Hkwfe%AA PYS AA • Tratak ,Prayer & Omkar also bring about peace, attitue of faith & Total surrender.
- 65. Important Points • Body Alignment • Differiantial Relaxation • Joint Alignment • To Achieve Equillibrium