Multiplexing.pptx sample
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Multiplexing is a method of combining multiple analog or digital signals into one signal over a shared medium. The main types of multiplexing are space-division, frequency-division, time-division, polarization-division, and orbital angular momentum multiplexing. Each type has advantages such as efficient use of bandwidth but also disadvantages such as added complexity, cost, or signal degradation.
Multiplexing.pptx sample
- 1. Multiplexing Presented By: 01. 151 − 15 − 4740 02. 161 − 15 − 7096 03. 161 − 15 − 7216 04. 161 − 15 − 7444 05. 161 − 15 − 7459 06. 161 − 15 − 7466
- 2. Multiplexing In telecommunications and computer networks, multiplexing (sometimes contracted to mixing) is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined into one signal over a shared medium. A device that performs the multiplexing is called a multiplexer (MUX), and a device that performs the reverse process is called a demultiplexer (DEMUX or DMX).
- 3. Types OF Multiplexing Space-division multiplexing Frequency-division multiplexing Time-division multiplexing Polarization-division multiplexing Orbital angular momentum multiplexing
- 4. Space-division multiplexing There are several possible methods for increasing transmission capacity over fixed bandwidth. There are two basic strategies for achieving spatial separation within a fiber These include modulation employing different amplitude levels, two orthogonal subcarriers and polarization. In fact, the only remaining unused dimension is Space. Multi-core and multi-mode operation.
- 6. SDM Advantage of SDM Two different signals then can use the same frequency. One transmitting a vertically polarized signal and the other transmitting a horizontally polarized signal. It is usually combined with other multiplexing techniques to better utilize the individual physical channels. Disadvantage of SDM Some of the disadvantages of SDMA is the fact that the number of switches. There are also high insertion losses since each input must have the capability to be split to any output. Reverse link may be a problem: interference problems
- 7. Frequency-division multiplexing In FDM, signals generated by each sending device modulate different carrier frequencies. These modulated signals are then combined into a single Composite signal that can be transported by the link. Carrier frequencies are separated by sufficient bandwidth to accommodate the modulated signal. These bandwidth ranges are the channels through which the various signals travel.
- 9. FDM Advantage of FDM This method is highly accurate, since it uses fine mesh. It is the only widely used method in time domain for solving general problems. Simple to implement than MOM or FEM. Disadvantage of FDM Meshing is inflexible Uncertainty about precision of boundaries Frequency domain finite difference formulation are available but never become popular for general problems.
- 10. Time-division multiplexing Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting and receiving independent signals over a common signal path by means of synchronized switches at each end of the transmission line so that each signal appears on the line only a fraction of time in an alternating pattern. It is used when the bit rate of the transmission medium exceeds that of the signal to be transmitted. This form of signal multiplexing was developed in telecommunications for telegraphy systems in the late 19th century, but found its most common application in digital telephony in the second half of the 20th century.
- 11. TDM
- 12. TDM Advantage of TDM we can transmit more number of signals through a single channel. It is immune to amplitude non- linearities Most suitable technique for digital Disadvantage of TDM It is not much suitable for continues Extra guard time are necessary Synchronization is necessary.
- 13. Polarization-division multiplexing Polarization-division multiplexing uses the polarization of electromagnetic radiation to separate orthogonal channels. It is in practical use in both radio and optical communications, particularly in 100 Gbit/s per channel fiber optic transmission systems. It is used in microwave links such as satellite television downlinks to double the bandwidth by using two orthogonally polarized feed antennas in satellite dishes.
- 14. PDM
- 15. PDM Advantage of PDM optical networks are commonly found in such applications as cable television, video-on-demand, interactive services data transmission, multimedia signals, fields employing optical instruments, as well as many other technologies. Data transmission via optical networks is advantageous because it has low delay and offers large bandwidth. Disadvantage of FDM A disadvantage of optical networks is the relatively high cost associated with the installation of these networks. Since the high cost of optical data transmission must be passed on to subscribers or users of services, cost is a drawback to service providers that consider implementing optical networks.
- 16. Orbital angular momentum multiplexing Orbital angular momentum multiplexing is a relatively new and experimental technique for multiplexing multiple channels of signals carried using electromagnetic radiation over a single path. It can potentially be used in addition to other physical multiplexing methods to greatly expand the transmission capacity of such systems. This is a controversial subject in the academic community, with many claiming it is not a new method of multiplexing, but rather a special case of space-division multiplexing.
- 17. OAM Advantage of OAM High data capacity: Higher when combined with other multiplexing methods Enhanced security Disadvantage of OAM Capacity limited by atmospheric turbulence Unable to use in long haul fiber communication systems