Multivariable Transmitter for Mass Flow Measurement

EJX910 Multivariable Transmitter 13
EJX910 MULTIVARIABLE
TRANSMITTER
ITOU Akio *1
MIMURA Shin-ichi *1
KOYAMA Etsutarou *1
ODOHIRA Tetsu *1
NIKKUNI Masaaki *1
MIYAUCHI Tatsuhiko *2
We have developed the EJX910 multivariable transmitter, an all-in-one
instrument that integrates the functions of a differential pressure transmitter, a
pressure gauge, a thermometer and a flow computer, while featuring high
performance and space-saving design. The transmitter employs a unique flow rate
calculation method, achieving a mass flow calculation cycle of 100 milliseconds. By
adopting a Reynolds number compensation algorithm, etc., all flow calculation
parameters were optimized and a mass flow accuracy rate as high as 1% was
achieved. Furthermore, EJX910 complies with a wide range of primary devices,
including orifices, nozzles and venturi tubes, and various types of fluid, including
general fluids, steam tables, and natural gas. Application information, such as the
primary devices and fluid data required for mass flow calculation, is input using the
EJXMVTool, a mass flow parameter configuration tool that runs on a PC and is
downloaded to the transmitter by means of field communication. A field test
performed on a British natural gas test line showed an excellent mass flow
measurement accuracy of 1%.
*1 Industrial Automation Products Business Division
*2 Global Service Headquarters
INTRODUCTION
When evaluating mass flow rates using a primary device
such as an orifice or nozzle in a differential pressure
flowmeter in order to make fluid density compensations, the
upstream pressure (static pressure) and fluid temperature are
measured in addition to the output of a regular differential
pressure transmitter. In the past in such cases, a differential
pressure transmitter, a pressure transmitter, a temperature
converter and a flow computer were all separately required. The
DPharp EJX series of differential pressure transmitters developed
by Yokogawa in 2004, can simultaneously measure both
differential pressure and static pressure using an advanced form
of silicon resonant sensors that comprise the multi-sensing
function. Recently, we have developed the EJX910 multivariable
transmitter as a new model that incorporates this series’ functions
to full advantage. The EJX910 integrates the functions of a
differential pressure gauge, a pressure gauge, a thermometer, and
a flow computer into a single instrument, thereby achieving high
space efficiency and multifunctionality.
A Reynolds number compensation algorithm and other
means have been adopted for the mass flow rate calculation of
this transmitter to optimize all flow rate calculation parameters
and achieve high-precision mass flow rate measurement. In this
paper, we will focus on the functions related to mass flow rate
calculation, one of the features a multivariable transmitter has to
offer. Figure 1 shows an external view of the EJX910.
Figure 1 External View of EJX910

14 Yokogawa Technical Report English Edition, No. 42 (2006)
PRODUCT FEATURES
The EJX910 multivariable transmitter serves as a differential
pressure gauge, a pressure gauge, and a thermometer (with an
external temperature sensor). In addition to this
multifunctionality, the fluid density compensation function
provided by the transmitter itself and the PC-installed
EJXMVTool’s mass flow parameter configuration tool enable
high-speed, high-precision mass flow rate measurement. The
EJX910 supports a number of flow rate standards and a variety of
fluid types as target applications. Moreover, the EJX910 can be
applied to integrated flow rate measurement and various
diagnoses that use many process variables (differential pressure,
static pressure, temperature, etc.).
MASS FLOW RATE CALCULATION
Figure 2 shows an example of measuring mass flow rates from
orifices and temperature sensors installed in a process. The EJX910
measures the difference between the upstream and downstream
pressures of the orifice placed in the process, the upstream static
pressure and the fluid temperature. Then the transmitter calculates
the mass flow rate from these measured values.
Figure 3 shows a configuration of a mass flow rate
measurement system. Application information necessary for flow
rate calculations (primary device and fluid information) is input
using the EJXMVTool mass flow parameter configuration tool
running on a PC. This information is then converted into
parameters that can be perceived by the transmitter and
downloaded to the transmitter by means of field communication.
Figure 4 shows a block diagram of a mass flow rate
measurement system comprising the EJX910 and EJXMVTool.
Differential pressure, static pressure and temperature measured by
the EJX910 can be directly output as process variables. The system
performs fluid density compensation calculations according to the
following equation to determine the mass flow rate.
For this purpose the system employs a unique method of
calculation that minimizes the transmitter’s calculation load, and
achieves a flow rate calculation cycle of 100 milliseconds. In a
simplified method of flow rate calculation, the parameters in
Equation (1) are treated as fixed values, resulting in large mass
flow rate calculation errors as shown in Figure 5. The EJX910
performs optimized calculations in real time using dynamically
changing parameters, thereby realizing a high flow rate accuracy
of 1%. More specifically, Reynolds number corrections are made
to the discharge coefficient (C) according to changing measured
values. The gas expansion correction factor (ε) is corrected
against the effects of adiabatic expansion of gases. In addition,
the fluid density (ρ1) is corrected for static pressure and
temperature variations.
Figure 2 Example of Mass Flow Rate Measurement Using Orifice
1
2
4
2
41
ρεπ
β
P
dC
Qm ∆
−
=
Mass flow rate
Discharge coefficient
Beta ratio (d/D)
Bore of primary device
Pipe inner diameter
Gas expansion factor
Differential pressure
Fluid density
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
where
D
d
C
ε
β
Qm
˙˙˙˙˙˙ (1)
P∆
1ρ
Figure 3 Mass Flow Rate Measurement System Configuration
EJX910 Multivariable Transmitter
Differential pressure, static pressure
Mass flow rate Temperature
Differential pressure,
static pressure,
temperature
Fluid
Temperature sensor
PC
EJXMVTool mass flow
parameter configuration tool
Application information
(primary device and fluid information)
Download
EJX910
multivariable transmitter
Temperature
sensor
Mass flow rate
Figure 4 Mass Flow Rate Measurement Block Diagram
EJXMVTool EJX910
Physical property
database
(general fluids,
steam tables,
natural gases)
Primary device
information
Flow rate calculation
standards
Selection of fluid
type and operating
conditions
Flow rate
calculation
parameters
Sensor input
OutputOutput
Optimization
Differential pressure
Static pressure
Temperature
Flow rate
calculation
parameters
Flow rate
calculation

EJX910 Multivariable Transmitter 15
SUPPORTED APPLICATIONS
The primary devices that the multivariable transmitter is
compatible with, i.e., orifices, nozzles and venturi tubes, comply
with a number of flow rate standards. In addition, a fixed mode is
available to set desired values to the discharge coefficient and the
gas expansion correction factor. The transmitter can handle a
wide variety of fluid types as described below:
(1) General fluids (gases and liquids)
The transmitter supports 12 types of general fluids and
employs the DIPPR®
physical property database widely used
around the world.
(2) Steam tables
The transmitter supports IAPWS-IF97 Water and Steam
(1997), the standard for steam tables used in each country
(e.g., JSME and ASME).
(3) Natural gases
The transmitter complies with the following typical natural
gas calculation standards:
AGA8 Detail Characterization Method
Gross Characterization Method 1
Gross Characterization Method 2
ISO 12213: 1997 First edition (Dec. 1, 1997)
Part 2: molar-composition analysis
Part 3: physical properties
(4) Custom fluids
User-maintained physical property values can be
incorporated in the transmitter.
STRUCTURE OF EJXMVTOOL MASS FLOW
PARAMETER CONFIGURATION TOOL
Figure 6 shows the structure of the EJXMVTool mass flow
parameter configuration tool used to set mass flow rate
application information.
(1) Flow rate parameter configuration function
This function comprises interactive graphic screens used to
configure the flow rate calculation parameters shown in
Equation (1), including application information such as
primary devices and fluid types. Parameters can be
configured easily as this function automatically converts the
parameters to the transmitter’s format.
(2) Flow rate parameter management function
This function saves flow rate parameters to a file, uploads and
downloads these files to and from the transmitter, obtains
results of parameter calculation by the transmitter, and
outputs reports.
(3) General-purpose parameter management function
This function sets general-purpose parameters such as ranges
and units.
(4) Physical property database
The software contains a database of physical properties
necessary to calculate fluid density and viscosity.
(5) Field communications server
For easy compliance with various methods of field
communication, the software incorporates the same field
communications server used in the PRM (Plant Resource
Manager) field device management package.
FLOW OF APPLICATION INFORMATION
SETTING
As explained below, the operating screens of EJXMVTool
have been designed in association with specific applications.
(1) Screen for setting primary device information
As shown in Figure 7, this screen is used to set the diameter of
an orifice or other primary device, the pipe diameter and the
materials.
(2) Screen for selecting fluid type
This screen is used to select the fluid type to be measured.
(3) Screen for setting natural gas composition information
This screen is used to set the composition information of a
natural gas.
Figure 5 Comparison of Mass Flow Rate Errors between
Fixed-parameter Calculation and Optimized Calculation
Figure 6 Structure of EJXMVTool Software
Error[%ofReading]
Mass flow rate [kg/h]
–4
–6
–2
0
2
4
0 75,000 150,000
Fixed-parameter calculationOptimized calculation
Database
Field communications server
Interactive editor
EJXMVTool Mass Flow Parameter Configuration Tool
Flow rate parameter
configuration Calculation of parameters for EJX910
Flow Rate Parameter
Management
General-purpose
Parameter
Management
Download to transmitter
PV monitor
Tags
Ranges
Units
Damping
Low-cut
Display setting
Maintenance
Adjustment
Primary device information
Upload from transmitter
File management
Reporting
Flow rate calculation standards
Fluid types and operating conditions
Physical property database
Low rate parameter
acquisition

16 Yokogawa Technical Report English Edition, No. 42 (2006)
(4) Screen for specifying fluid pressure and temperature range
This screen is used to specify fluid pressure and temperature
range, which are necessary to calculate density or other data
items.
(5) Screen for setting fluid density and viscosity
As shown in Figure 8, this screen is used to verify data to set
fluid density and viscosity. This screen can be customized.
(6) Screen for downloading application information
This screen is used to convert user-input primary device
information and fluid information into a transmitter-specific
format and then download that information to the transmitter.
(7) Screen for simulated flow rate calculations
This screen is used to verify the results of simulating mass
flow calculations by the transmitter with the sensor inputs in
Figure 9 applied as simulated inputs, in order to predetermine
the results of applying the downloaded information.
(8) Screen for verifying flow rate calculations in an actual plant
This screen is used to verify the results of flow rate
calculation under actual plant operation with the respective
sensor inputs in Figure 9 actually applied.
FIELD TEST RESULTS
Figure 10 shows the results of an actual flow test performed
on a British natural gas test line. The test results show a mass flow
rate measurement accuracy level as excellent as 1%. Users have
also highly evaluated the EJX910 in other actual flow tests.
CONCLUSION
In future we intend to further accumulate experience in mass
flow rate measurement using multivariable transmitters, while
broadening the range of applications to encompass an even
greater variety of primary devices and fluids. In addition to mass
flow rate measurement, we will further develop fluid level
measurement and multivariable measurement-based process
diagnosis.
REFERENCES
(1) ISHIKAWA Tamaki, et al., “New DPharp EJX Series of
Pressure and Differential Pressure Transmitters,” Yokogawa
Technical Report, No. 37, 2004, pp. 9-14
(2) KUROMORI Ken-ichi, “Industrial Flowmeters—Recent
Topics—.” Measurement & Control, Vol. 42, No. 12, 2003,
pp. 1015-1020 (in Japanese)
* ‘DPharp’, ‘EJXMVTool’ and ‘PRM’ are registered trademarks
of Yokogawa Electric Corporation. All other product names,
including software names, appearing in this document are the
trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
companies or groups.
–2
–1
0
1
2
0 75,000 150,000
Mass flow rate [kg/h]
Error[%ofReading]
Figure 10 Results of an Actual Natural Gas Flow TestFigure 8 Settings of Fluid Density and Viscosity
Figure 7 Settings of Primary Device Information Figure 9 Verification of Results of Flow Rate Parameter Calculations

Multivariable Transmitter for Mass Flow Measurement

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