An MVNO is a Mobile Virtual Network Operator that does not own its own wireless infrastructure but instead leases network resources from major carriers. MVNOs benefit customers by providing alternative service options, benefit themselves through new business models, and benefit major carriers by increasing network usage. MVNOs are classified based on their business model, such as focusing on specific market niches, using advertising revenues, or targeting ethnic communities. A global survey in 2011 examined the MVNO industry and included responses from MVNOs, wholesalers, and vendors.