Richard Dyer's theory argues that celebrities are constructed images meant to appeal to audiences, rather than reflections of real people. Mainstream celebrities like Rihanna, Lady Gaga, and Justin Bieber position themselves through various media to promote their music and stay in the public eye. Dyer also believes that fans' preferences can place stars in the mainstream or subcultures. Additionally, celebrities' images can influence social norms or subvert expectations through their actions.