Note making- Professional communication- NIT notes
- 1. Professional Communication Note-taking, note-making Course Code: MS1001E
- 2. Note Taking vs Note Making •Study/learning strategies: the capacity to take and organise notes during lessons, for research and assessments, and for exam preparation is a key academic writing skill. •You take notes in lectures, tutorials or seminars, writing down what other people are saying. Note-taking is a key strategy for organising information, ideas, and what you have learned in a chronological and systematic way that can be reviewed later/for future reference. •You make notes from reading books, journals, any form of text. Note making is a more active process of using your words, summarising and evaluating the information you are receiving, ie, you are actively thinking about the information not just recording it.
- 3. How Note-Taking Supports Learning? Taking notes during class supports your learning in several important ways: 1.Taking notes helps you to focus your attention and avoid distractions. 2.As you take notes in class, you will be engaging your mind in identifying and organizing the main ideas. Rather than passively listening, you will be doing the work of active learning while in class, making the most of your time. 3.Creating good notes means that you will have a record for later review. Reviewing a set of condensed and well-organized notes is more efficient than re-reading longer texts and articles. https://www.umfk.edu/o ffi ces/student-success/successful-note-taking/
- 4. Consider Your Purpose Before you start taking notes, identify how you will most likely want to use them later. Will you need to: • Study for a test? • Note down ideas when you write a paper? Make your notes work for you, by identifying up-front what you need from them! There is no one correct method/good way to record notes. There is only the right method for you. (knowing what works best for you in different situations will make your studying more effective). Depending on the class and the type of information, there are different ways to take notes.
- 5. Create Notes You Will Use Effective notes should be clear, concise, and easy to understand. Overall, good notes are not necessarily very detailed or very brief—the main thing to remember is that good notes are notes you can use! What Are Good Notes? Although different strategies work for different people, efficient note-taking strategies share some common features. Good notes: • Include meaningful abbreviations and symbols • Capture both main ideas and important details • May include definitions, an outline, diagrams, etc. • emphasis (e.g. underlining, capital letters)
- 6. How To Use Your Notes As soon as possible, preferably within 24 hours to be most effective, you should practice the 5 R’s of note taking. 1.Record: Take notes during a lecture using one of the methods above. 2.Reduce: As soon as possible after the lecture, summarize your notes. This helps you see the main ideas and helps your memory. 3.Recite: Without looking at your notes, say the key facts from the lecture out loud. Then, check your notes for anything you may have missed. 4.Re fl ect: Think about how this class relates to the course and the other classes that proceeded it. This will help the lesson sink in more. 5.Review: Spend 10 minutes each week rereading your notes. This way, you will not have to cram before the test because you will be studying a little each week.
- 7. Cornell Note Taking System A study tool developed in the1950s by Professor Walter Pauk at Cornell University (Cornell Method/Cornell Way) in his book How to Study in College? Pauk, Walter; Owens, Ross J. Q. (2010). How to Study in C o l l e g e ( 1 0 e d . ) . B o s t o n , M A : Wadsworth. ISBN 978-1-4390-8446-5. Chapter 10: “The Cornell System: Take Effective Notes”, pp. 235-277) • Organized and systematic for recording and reviewing notes •Easy format for pulling out major concepts and ideas •Simple and efficient •Saves time and effort
- 9. Adapted from, Pauk, W. (1993). How to study in college. Boston, MA: Houghton Mif in Company
- 11. OTHER METHODS: The Mapping Method •Mapping is a method which relates each fact or idea to every other fact or idea. Mapping is a graphic representation of the content of a lecture. • Mind or concept maps are diagrams in which ideas, concepts, facts, theories, and so on are also arranged around a central key word or concept. •Visual representation of information and ideas in an organised way. It is a great way of making connections between concepts and demonstrating contextual relationships. It can be very helpful when trying to analyse or break down larger concepts into key features and supporting elements.
- 12. •Use when the lecture content is heavy and well-organized. •Visually appealing and memorable than a linear approach. Use colour codes to add interest. •Colour, font size, lines or arrows, images or other techniques can be used to denote the importance of various concepts and their relationships to the central topic and to each other (see example overleaf). These type of notes are sometimes known as pattern notes. There are lots of mind-mapping applications available, such as Mind Genius, Coggle, or FreeMind.
- 13. •You use bubbles and lines to connect ideas. •You will start with the topic in the middle. Then, the main ideas or topics being discussed make up the bubbles connected to the center. •Next, subtopics are branched off of the main topics. Finally, add details around the subtopic bubbles. •Mind maps are great for connecting concepts and ideas because you can quickly see how everything is related.
- 14. Spidergram •Diagram in which ideas are linked to each other by lines, usually starting from the middle and working outwards, making the diagram look a little like the web of a spider (spidergram is a combination of the words spiderweb and diagram). •Although it can be used at any time, it is best when there is one central topic with several sub-topics related to it.
- 15. TIMELINES Timelines can be useful for students of subjects such as history, geography, archaeology, science, philosophy, classics, sociology and politics, and many more. A visual map of dates and events, using a simple line drawn across a page, can help you to see and remember how things evolved over time far more effectively than a written list can.
- 17. Table When two different things are compared, and is therefore usually only used for part of a lecture (or reading text). It can be difficult to use this style of notes when listening, as when you are listening you need to make a very quick decision of which style to use, though it is easier to use when reading and note-taking since you have more time to think before making notes. Flowchart A flowchart is useful if you want to show a process or a change over time. A flowchart usually has steps shown in boxes connected by arrows which show the order. Tree Diagrams to show classification.
- 18. FORMULA SHEETS can be useful if you are taking any modules that require you to memorise a lot of formulas, for example in some maths, science, or business modules
- 19. Note Making - Outline Format Systematic process of writing down important information, ideas, facts, viewpoints, and arguments, contained in a written text for future reference. We need to draw the main points from the material we read as it is difficult to remember large chunks of information. Quick comprehension Identification of main ideas Recognition of their relevance to your needs Ability to record them with quickness and precision Place major points farthest to the left. Indent each more specific point to the right. Levels of importance will be indicated by distance away from the major point.
- 20. NOTE MAKING- OUTLINE/Linear Method •Highly structured, logical, and easy to follow •Easiest way to organize big ideas into digestible ones •Visually, the nested points illustrate the hierarchy of ideas at-a-glance •Easy to create •Helps break down big ideas logically • Outlining method can also be used for taking notes, provided the lecture is highly organized (and not fast) or when you have enough time to think about and make organization decisions.
- 21. Outline/Linear Method Indian Economy Just over a decade after the Indian economy began shaking off its statistic shackles and opening to the outside world, it is booming. The surge is based on strong industry and agriculture, rising Indian and foreign investment and consumer spending by a growing middle class. After growing just 4.3 per cent last year, India’s economy is widely expected to grow close to 7 per cent this year. The growth of the past decade has put more money in the pockets of an expanding middle class, about 30 crores strong, and with more choices in front of them, their appetites are helping to fuel demand-led growth for the first time in decades. India is now the world’s fastest growing telecom market, with more than ten lakh mobile phone subscriptions each month. Indians are buying about 10,000 motorcycles and scooters a day and 20,000 cars per month. Banks are now making two crores a year in home loans, with the lowest interest rates in decades and thus helping to spur spending on building. Credit and debit cards are slowly but steadily gaining momentum. The potential for even more market growth is enormous, a fact recognized by multinational and Indian companies alike. For example, in 2001, according to census figures, only 31.6 per cent of the country’s 18 crore households had a television, and 2.5 per cent a car, jeep, or van.
- 22. (Adapted from Meenakshi Raman & Sangeeta Sharma, 2004) SAMPLE OUTLINE TWO FEATURES: •Numbering/lettering/Bullet points •Indentation - To distinguish main points from the sub points. Note: •Write only the key points. •Avoid complete sentences
- 23. Media awareness about global warming and climate change has grown steadily since 2004, with journalists now possessing higher climate literacy than before. Two common interpretations of this phenomenon are polar ampli cation and extreme rainfall. Polar ampli cation is responsible for rapid warming in the polar region, especially in the Arctic, due to a spiraling effect where retreating ice uncovers a darker surface that soaks up more heat from the sunlight (the so-called albedo-feedback). However, the strongest Arctic warming occurs during winter during polar nights, when the days are subject to 24-hour darkness. Sea-ice acts as an insulator between air and sea, opening up for more heat and moisture exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere. There are additional mechanisms that can explain the rapid warming near the poles, such as the already colder conditions being responsible for lower heat losses, changes in cloud cover and air moisture (vapour pressure), changes in the lapse rate and boundary, and heat transport from lower latitudes. Storms may also indirectly in fl uence the temperature through their effect on sea-ice. High-latitude cyclones in the Southern Ocean can reach and shape the Antarctic sea-ice. Extreme rainfall is another common topic, often explained in terms of increased evaporation with higher temperatures. This is not the whole story, as there are also dynamical aspects, such as changes in winds and cloud structure. The water that evaporates comes down again, but in patches. Over time, the daily rain has fallen over a shrinking fraction of Earth’s surface, becoming more concentrated into smaller and more intense wet patches. A recent analysis suggests that about half of the increased extreme precipitation may be due to thermodynamics and about half may be due to dynamics. The dynamical nature of this trend may involve more convective clouds, higher cloud tops, or an expansion of the sub-tropics connected to a widening of the Hadley cell. Another factor may be a slowdown of moving rain-generating systems. There have been reports of increased rainfall amounts connected with tropical cyclones, which combines both thermodynamics (evaporation) and dynamics (wind and cloud structures). Recently, storm Daniel brought extreme rainfall amounts that caused devastating calamities in Greece/Bulgaria/Turkey as well as Libya, resulting from both excessive evaporation and circulation. Prepare notes using the outline format.
- 24. Note Making - Sentence Method •In the sentence method, sentences are used to represent the main idea and subordinate ideas •identify the main and subordinate ideas and write them as short sentences. •this method resembles the linear method, the only difference being the use of sentences in place of words or phrases
- 25. • There is a boom in Indian economy due to liberalization. – It is based on strong agriculture and industry. – There is an increase in Indian and foreign investment. – There is greater consumer spending, especially by growing middle class. – The growth rate expected this year is 7 per cent. • The growth has been spurred by demand. – There is greater consumer spending by growing middle class (about 30 crore). – There are more choices, more money, and, hence, more demand. • India has become a fast-growing market. – 20,000 cars are sold and10 lakh mobile phone connections are issued every month. – 10,000 motorcycles and scooters are sold everyday. – Banks are earning about 2 crore as interest on home loans every month. • There is enormous potential for further growth. – In 2001, only 31.6 per cent of households had TV. – In the same year, only 2.5 per cent owned a car, jeep, or van. SAMPLE SENTENCE METHOD
- 26. Note Making -Mapping Method Categorizing your ideas on a particular topic using circles, blocks, and arrows to represent various main and subordinate ideas. A semi-graphic representation of the contents of a text to show the relationship of each point or idea to other facts and ideas contained therein. Record a great deal of information in less space and also show the complex relationships among several ideas and facts. • Represent the main ideas in a central box/circle. • Depict the subordinate ideas as though they are radiating from this central image. • Use branches attached to the higher-level branches to represent further minor points. • Ensure that the branches form a connected nodal structure.
- 28. Pheasants are shy, charming birds known for their brilliant plumage. These beautiful birds occupy an important niche in nature’s scheme of things. Of the 900 bird species and 155 families, the pheasants belong to the order Galliformes and family Phasinidae. The Galliformes are known as game birds and this includes, pheasants, partridges, quails, grouse, francolins, turkeys and megapodes. There are 51 species of pheasants in the world and these are shown in the identification chart brought out by the Environment Society of India (ESI). The purpose of this chart is to create awareness among members of the school eco- clubs under the National Green Corps (NGC) of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Except for the Congo Peafowl, all the other pheasants are from Asia. Scientists believe that all pheasants originated from the Himalayas, and then scattered into Tibet, China, Myanmar, South and South East Asian countries as well as the Caucasus Mountains. The jungle fowl and the peafowl spread to South India and Sri Lanka long before the early settlers established themselves in the Indo-Gangetic plain. About a third of all the pheasants in the world are found in India. The male blue peafowl (the peacock) is the best known member of the pheasant family and is India’s national bird. It occupies a prominent place in India’s art, culture and folklore. PRACTICE QUESTION:
- 29. Pheasants are shy, charming birds known for their brilliant plumage. These beautiful birds occupy an important niche in nature’s scheme of things. Of the 900 bird species and 155 families, the pheasants belong to the order Galliformes and family Phasinidae. The Galliformes are known as game birds and this includes, pheasants, partridges, quails, grouse, francolins, turkeys and megapodes. There are 51 species of pheasants in the world and these are shown in the identification chart brought out by the Environment Society of India (ESI). The purpose of this chart is to create awareness among members of the school eco- clubs under the National Green Corps (NGC) of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India. Except for the Congo Peafowl, all the other pheasants are from Asia. Scientists believe that all pheasants originated from the Himalayas, and then scattered into Tibet, China, Myanmar, South and South East Asian countries as well as the Caucasus Mountains. The jungle fowl and the peafowl spread to South India and Sri Lanka long before the early settlers established themselves in the Indo-Gangetic plain. About a third of all the pheasants in the world are found in India. The male blue peafowl (the peacock) is the best known member of the pheasant family and is India’s national bird. It occupies a prominent place in India’s art, culture and folklore. 1. Notice that the important information has been underlined.
- 30. 2. Read the passage again asking yourself questions and answering them as you read. • What is the passage about? — Pheasants • Where found? — Asia; particularly India (1/3 of total population) • Origin? — Himalayas • Time? — Long before Indo-Gangetic plain settlements. • Which group of birds? — Order: Galliformes (game birds); Family — Phasinidae • How many species? — 51 • What is the source of information? — ESI chart • What is the purpose of the ESI chart? — Create awareness among school eco-clubs under NG • Which is the best known member? — Peacock, India’s national bir
- 31. 3. With the help of the answers note down the main points. Write the points without full forms of the verbs. • Pheasants — shy birds with bright plumage found largely in Asia, especially India • Origin in the Himalayas and spread in China, Myanmar, South and SE Asia. • Order: Galliformes — game birds; Family: Phasinidae • No. of species: 51 (ESI chart) • Purpose of ESI chart — Creating awareness among school eco-clubs under NGC. • Peacock — India’s national bird, member of this family, represented in Indian art, culture and folklore. • Notice Two or three related ideas can be combined into one point. Use of colons Use of the long dash
- 32. 4. Finally we go over the facts and number them. Read carefully the characteristics of good notes which are given below. 1. (i) Notes should be short. They should identify the main point. (ii) They list information in what is called ‘note form’. (iii) They are written only in phrases; not sentences. 2. (i) Information is logically divided and subdivided by the use of figures/letters. (ii) The divisions are made like this: (i)Main sections : 1, 2, 3, etc. (ii)Sub-sections : (i), (ii), (iii) Sub-sub-sections : (a), (b), (c), etc. Another common method is the ‘decimal’ system. Main sections : 1, 2, 3, etc. Sub-sections : 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, etc. Sub-sub-sections : 1.1.1, 1.1.2, 1.1.3, 1.2.1, 1.2.2, etc. Abbreviations and symbols are freely used. Articles, prepositions and conjunctions are omitted. Notes must make sense when they are read again otherwise they will be of no use.