NSDI_ Concepts and Components
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The document discusses the key components and concepts of a National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI). An NSDI aims to integrate distributed geospatial data through partnerships between different levels of government and private organizations. It establishes standards, frameworks and metadata to facilitate discovery and sharing of geospatial data. Central to an NSDI is a clearinghouse that allows users to search metadata from distributed servers according to common protocols. When properly implemented through the coordination of stakeholders, an NSDI can help reduce data duplication, lower costs and make critical spatial information more accessible.
NSDI_ Concepts and Components
- 1. National Spatial Data Infrastructure. Concepts and Components Jayantha Samarasinghe Survey Department of Sri Lanka
- 2. Outline….. • What is NSDI ? • Partnership Via NSDIs ( Problem identification) • Who needs to access Geographic Information? • Strategies to Create NSDI • NSDI Components • Global SDI • NSDI & GIS in Emergency Management • Summary
- 3. What is a National Spatial Data Infrastructure? “The technology, policies, standards, and human resources necessary to acquire, process, store, distribute, and improve utilization of geospatial data.” Source: Presidential Executive Order #12906 (1994): “Co-ordinating Geographic Data Acquisition and Access: The National Spatial Data Infrastructure” W. Clinton.
- 4. Partnerships via NSDI The problem: • Too much data duplication = waste • Not enough data duplication = respond to emergencies • Ad hoc data sharing. • Data often tailored to one application. • Detail at local level but not accessible to Regional or National Level. • Indexes/ Metadata. • No general protocols for any of this until NSDI…
- 5. Who needs access to Coordinated Geographic Information? • Land Records Adjudication • Disaster Response • Transportation Management • Water, gas & electric planning • Public Protection • Defense • Natural Resource Management • Telecommunications Infrastructure • Economic Development • Civic Entrepreneurs • Forest Management etc..
- 6. So Why build NSDI? • Build data once and use it many times for many applications. • Integrate distributed providers of data. • “Place-based management”. • Share costs of data creation and maintenance. • Support sustainable economic, social, and environmental development.
- 7. Strategies to Create NSDI STRATEGY I: Conceptual steps • Explain GIS benefits to the Nation and other communities. • Include GIS in the curriculum of Universities and other academia. • Organize seminars and symposiums where new developments in GIS are addressed. • Exchange GIS technology and ideas through instructional Web sites and online forums.
- 8. • Form leading committee at the federal level to start this initiative. • Involve Central and local governments in the development and implementation of this initiative. • Utilize the expertise of academia, the private sector, professional societies, and others. • Physically develop, implement NSDI and its components. Strategies to Create NSDI STRATEGY II: Logical and physical steps
- 9. NSDI COMPONENTS STANDARDS SPATIAL DATAFRAMEWORK METADATA CLEARINGHOUSE PARTNERSHIPS & ORGANIZATIONS WEB PORTAL GIS DATA SERVERS Technology Policies People
- 10. These elements are linked in a veryThese elements are linked in a very explicit way to assure the function of theexplicit way to assure the function of the enterprise.enterprise. NSDI COMPONENTS…….
- 11. The data provide a core... Spatial DataSpatial DataSpatial DataSpatial Data
- 12. Categories of Geospatial Data • Community-developed data sets usually derived for a single purpose but made available for potential re-use • Data sets developed to a common content specification for high re-use potential. These are known as “Framework” data.
- 13. Spatial DataSpatial DataFrameworkFramework What Frameworkprovide…..
- 14. A foundation to which spatial information and attributes can be added. A base on which other themes of data can be compiled. FrameworkProvides…..
- 15. Federal State Local Private Utilities1.Hydrology: Lakes, River, Streams, Channels 2.Cadastral: Parcel, Land use, Zoning 3.Transportation: Roads, rails, 4.Elevation: Contour lines, spot elevation 5.Administrative Boundaries: Town ,County, State lines 6.Geodetic Control Points: Reference points 7.Orthoimagery: Referenced orhtophotos and aerials FrameworkData
- 17. • Provides documentation of existing internal geospatial data resources within an organization. (inventory) • Permits structured search and comparison of held spatial data by others. (advertising). • Provides end-users with adequate information to take the data and use it in an appropriate context. (liability) The Use of Metadata
- 18. Spatial DataSpatial DataFrameworkFramework MetadataMetadata Making data discoverable... Clearinghouse (catalog)Clearinghouse (catalog)
- 19. • Discovery of spatial data. • Distributed search worldwide. • Uniform interface for spatial data searches. • Advertising for available Data.ur data holdings Clearinghouse (Search service) Provides..
- 20. Clearinghouse operates as... • Entry point to constellation of servers. • Collection of distributed servers, using a common protocol • (e.g., Z39.50)
- 21. • used for searching and retrieving full-text documents, bibliographic data, images and multimedia in a distributed network environment. • The FGDC has developed a Z39.50 application profile for geospatial metadata, called GEO. • Z39.50/GEO identifies a set of base standards, and parameters necessary to accomplish identified functions. WHAT IS Z39.50 SEARCHPROTOCOL
- 22. Spatial DataSpatial DataFrameworkFramework MetadataMetadata Clearinghouse(catalog)Clearinghouse(catalog) StandardsStandards Consistent approaches...
- 23. Who builds standards? • ISO – International Standards Organization • FGDC Standards working group (Federal Geographic Data Committee ) • Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) • Concerned organizations • Producers and users of geospatial data
- 24. Types of standards • Data content Common classifications Common collection criteria Data models, data structures (fo rm ats), query languages. • Data management Metadata Spatial Data Transfer Standard (SDTS) • Data transferprotocols (e.g., WMS)
- 25. Partnerships hold it allPartnerships hold it all togethertogether
- 27. Lots of people involved… • Federal government (many agencies) • Central government • Local government • Private sector – contractors, value-adders, exploiters • Non profit organizations • Citizenry • Others… • No one is in charge…
- 28. and is a model for development of a Common Spatial Data Infrastructure The NSDI is built through the actions ofThe NSDI is built through the actions of thousandsthousands of participantsof participants
- 29. A Global Spatial Data Infrastructure? • Difficult enough to get national players to work together… • Is GSDI a process, a general framework or a product? • Who are the stakeholders? • Who needs it? (military doing what they need themselves?)
- 30. International Coastal Atlas Network
- 31. www.gsdi.org
- 32. NSDI & GIS Approach in Emergency Management • Because of its visual and spatial functionality, GIS technology provides better and faster statistical analyses for decision makers (emergency managers) • HOWbig is the hazard area and people live in. • WHAT are the best roads the hospitals outside of the hazard zone? • WHERE are the areas and the buildings with the most damage? • WHICHroads are damaged or blocked by debris?
- 33. Web Browser (Thin Client) @ users GIS Software (Thick Client) @ portal host site Web Portal WMS WCSWFS Geospatial Web Services Gazetteer Place Names & Attributes Catalog Data & Service Metadata Clients Maps Features CoveragesLegend: @ provider organizations Framework Data WEB PORTAL ARCHITECTURE
- 34. SUMMARYSUMMARY With NSDI, • Implement Social, economic and critical decisions and Country will understand the necessary steps to create, access and share spatial data. • User community aware of the importance of spatial data. • Eliminate the duplication of spatial data. • Reduced the cost and time. • Data accessible from a central portal and will make information readily accessible. • Countries can become an integral partner in the world‘s GIS community.
- 35. My most sincere gratitude goes to: ITC The Netherlands Nuffic The Netherlands University of K.N.Toosi Tehran, Iran Survey Department Sri Lanka Govt. of The Netherlands Govt. Of IranGovt. of Sri Lanka Thank you for your attention!
Editor's Notes
- #31: ICAN currently involves over 30 institutions from 14 countries plus the UNESCO IODE (Intl Ocean Data/Information Exchange).