Objective concept
- 1. OBJECTIVES : CONCEPT, LEVELS AND TYPES Rajinder Kaur Kalra Professor and Head (Retired) PAU Ludhiana 9814067709
- 2. Concept of Objectives, Goal, Aim and Target Objectives expressions of ends or direction of movement towards which efforts are directed. Goal distance in any given direction one expects to go during a given period of time. Aim generalized and broad statement of direction. An aim may includes several objectives. Target aggregate achievement in a particular activity during the specified period in a particular area.
- 3. Significance of Extension objectives No human activity is without any objective. Provide a sense of direction to any programme and help to orient the programmes and methods to the over all policies. Help to determine goal and targets. Clear cut objectives facilitates the selection of appropriate methods to conduct the programme and will also help in determining the role of various workers. Facilitates constant and periodical checking of results.
- 4. Classification of objectives There are different ways of classifying the objectives. Educational, economic and social and social objectives. Individual and group objectives. Long terms and short terms objectives. Teachers and learners objectives. Remote and immediate objectives.
- 5. help in getting people’s participation and in securing the required assistance from got and other agencies. Provide basis for evaluation at the end. When worked in terms of people’s needs the objectives help to instill in the people a desire to grow and participate. Help to define role of workers. Objectives in the programme are like the soul in the body.
- 6. Levels of objectives Fundamental objective: inclusive objectives of a society e.g. good life, better citizenship prosperity etc. General Objectives: These are general but more definite than fundamentals objectives e.g. helping rural people to have better home living, helping farmers to raise their farm produce. Working or specific objectives: specific in subject matter and approach focussed at the individual or group dealing with their needs example- recommended package of practices for four different zones of Punjab.
- 7. Criteria for judging Extension objectives Can they be defined in terms of behavioural changes? Are they socially desirable ? Are they achievable? Are they dynamic ? Are they development ? Are they varied enough? Are they limited in numbered ? Can they be evaluated ? Are they specific ? Are they cooperatively determined ?
- 8. Principles of Extension Education Interest and needs Grass root principle of organization Cultural differences Cooperation and participation Applied Science and democratic approach Learning by doing Trained specialist
- 9. Adaptability principle in the use of extension teaching methods Leadership Whole family principle Principle of satisfaction Principle of evaluation Principle of voluntary action Principle of aided self help