Old slides: MAC129 Journalism and the Internet
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The document discusses how the internet has changed journalism and the consumption of news. It notes that ordinary people can now participate as citizen journalists by uploading photos and videos from events. Major news sites now get much of their web traffic from aggregating and linking to external blogs and websites. While newspapers are declining in circulation, many have seen increases in their online readership as people access news through various digital platforms. The future of journalism lies in a more conversational model where readers engage in two-way interactions with both professional and citizen journalists online.
Old slides: MAC129 Journalism and the Internet
- 1. Journalism and the Internet MAC129 robert.jewitt@sunderland.ac.uk
- 2. “ The internet is the new printing press. It’s the mass medium that is changing how we read and digest content” (Tom Anderson, IT Blogger)?!?!
- 4. The end of “BIG MEDIA” “ In the 20th Century making the news was almost entirely the province of journalists… The economics of publishing and broadcasting created large, arrogant institutions – call it Big Media … “ Big media … treated the news as a lecture. We told you what the news was…. Tomorrow’s news reporting and production will be more of a conversation, or a seminar… (Gillmor, 2004:xiii)
- 5. We the media? July 7 th 2005
- 6. Helen Boaden, BBC director of news Minutes after the bombings occurred in London last Thursday, newsrooms around the capital were being deluged with pictures and video clips sent directly from the scene. The long-predicted democratisation of the media had become a reality , as ordinary members of the public turned photographers and reporters. Julia Day, July 11 th 2005, 'We had 50 images within an hour’ http://www.guardian.co.uk/technology/2005/jul/11/mondaymediasection.attackonlondon
- 7. We the media? “ As cameras become just one more thing we carry everyday, everyone’s becoming a photographer (Gillmor, 2004:34)
- 8. Scale 2000: 200 million web users with over 800 million pages of content (Hall, 2001) 2008: 1.46 billion web user http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats.htm
- 9. The Internet ‘ For all its global range and its millions of users it refuses to fit neatly into the category of mass media. For media producers and the advertisers who underwrite them new paradigms seeking junctions and commonalities of geography, age, gender, income, race and niche interests are required. How do they deliver news to an audience that is at once local and global? ’ (Jim Hall, 2001: 2)
- 10. History: news online 1994: TIME magazine used web to communicate between journalists and readers For overview see Stuart Allan, 2006.
- 11. Breaking News? Oklahoma City bombing, April 19th 1995, was of major importance
- 12. Maps of Oklahoma City The latest AP news feed Graphics of terrorist bombs Emotional eyewitness accounts of the excavation Listings of survivors and hospital phone numbers Newsgroups expressing ‘rage’ Dedicated chat-rooms ISPs (AOL) offering aggregated news feeds and wire services Content included:
- 13. AOL: Timothy ‘Mad Bomber’ McVeigh Sunday Mirror: HELLO, I’M THE MAD BOMBER … BOOM!; SICK MESSAGE FLASHED WORLDWIDE; OKLAHOMA BOMB SUSPECT LEAVES MESSAGE ON INTERNET Later revealed as a fake
- 14. More ‘teething problems’ 1996 July 17th TWA flight from New York to Paris exploded Conspiracy theories November: former ABC journalist, Pierre Salinger, claimed to have evidence proving US forces shot down plane
- 15. Obvious advantages: Immediacy – updates can be added as and when more info is available No limit to the amount of content Interactivity – capacity for questions to be asked and for greater accountability
- 16. Alexa Stats (Nov 2008) 1 – Yahoo News 2 – BBC Newsline Ticker 3 – CNN 4 – BBC News 5 – New York Times 6 – My Yahoo 7 – Google News 8 – MSNBC News 9 – Weather.com 10 – Fox News Channel
- 17. Alexa Stats (Nov 2008) Yahoo News BBC Newsline Ticker CNN BBC News New York Times My Yahoo Google News MSNBC News Weather.com Fox News Channel BBC CNN New York Times Fox News Channel Reuters Washington Post Bloomberg The Guardian Wall Street Journal Los Angeles Times
- 18. 1997: UK = 4 million web users 1998: 8.17 million page impressions 2006: BBC one of the largest news-gathering organizations in the world: 42 foreign bureaus 13 domestic news centres. annual budget of around £300 million expertise of over 2000 members of staff 250 correspondents around the world online team composed of 40 journalists
- 19. Key issues: Do newspapers have a future? Does paper have a role in the future of news? Will there be such a thing as ‘print journalism’ in a decade’s time? Do the answers to these questions even matter as long as there is something called journalism available to the British public on some platform in a few years time?
- 20. The newspaper industry: business trends in the last 2 decades
- 21. Newspaper trends
- 22. National newspapers have fallen by more than 50% in the last two decades (1988-2007), including the Mirror and the Express . Some increases - Financial Times (overseas sales) Total daily circulation of national daily newspapers has dropped from over 15 million to around 11.5 million, or 25% (McNair, 2007). Newspaper trends
- 23. Ownership and control Concentration of ownership Impact on democracy? Rupert Murdoch: 1988 = 31% of UK paper market 2007 = 32.3% 140 of his publications around the world supported the war in Iraq
- 24. Murdoch: ‘ power is moving away from the old elite in our industry – the editors, the chief executives and, let’s face it, the proprietors’ ( http://www.newscorp.com/news/news_285.html ) .
- 25. Technology and Trends Dumbing down? Murdoch: ‘many of us have been unaccountably complacent’ in the wake of the digital revolution Citizen journalists? Salem Pax? Where_is_Raed? http://dear_raed.blogspot.com/
- 27. Murdoch (2005): ‘ There are of course inherent risks in this strategy -- chief among them maintaining our standards for accuracy and reliability. Plainly, we can’t vouch for the quality of people who aren’t regularly employed by us – and bloggers could only add to the work done by our reporters, not replace them. But they may still serve a valuable purpose ; broadening our coverage of the news; giving us new and fresh perspectives to issues; deepening our relationship to the communities we serve, so long as our readers understand the clear distinction between bloggers and our journalists.’
- 28. July 2006, Patrick Barkham: ‘ the first big British political story to be driven by bloggers’ deputy-PM John Prescott’s sex life
- 29. Bloggers and Aggregators Mike Drudge: The Drudge Report Since February 1995 Republican supporter Faced a $30 million libel lawsuit January 13 th 1998 he broke the story of Clinton’s affair with Monica Lewinsky.
- 30. Mike Drudge: I’m a citizen first and a reporter second … The people have a right to know, not the editors who think they know better. You should let people know as much as you know when you know’ (cited in AP, 1 February 1998)
- 31. The Future? Kim Fletcher (2005) ‘ In all this talk about the end of papers, no one suggests that people don't want news or information or entertainment any more. On the contrary, they seem to want more and more of all three. That demand will be met by an expansion rather than a retraction in journalistic output.’
- 32. National newspaper website traffic October 2007 Source: Audit Bureau of Circulations
- 33. National newspaper website traffic September 2008 Source: Audit Bureau of Circulations
- 34. BBC and license fee Guardian owned by Scott Trust charity
- 35. Guardian editor Alan Rusbridger recently claimed (2007): ‘ We've moved from being in competition with a small pool of British broadsheets to being in competition with just about everyone , but it's true. We're no longer a once-a-day text medium for a predominantly domestic audience. Increasingly - around the clock - we use a combination of media in telling stories, and in commentary, to millions of users around the globe’
- 36. Ex-Guardian editor, Peter Preston (2007): The thought of a news collection and distribution organisation without print or paper raises the prospect of a quite different future for journalists: one where few of the old skills and few of the new convergences are particularly relevant, one where a start-up news gathering operation on the net would train and hire web people, not converts from print with ink on their hands.’
- 37. Sources Stuart Allan, 2006, Online News , Maidenhead: Open University Press. Patrick Barkham, September 22nd 2006, ‘Giving it all away’, The Guardian , available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2006/sep/22/pressandpublishing.lifeandhealth Peter Cole, 2007, ‘The paradox of the pops’, The Guardian , available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2007/aug/27/mondaymediasection.pressandpublishing Dan Gillmour, 2004, We The Media , Sebastopol, CA.: O'Reilly Kim Fletcher, December 19th 2005, ‘A bright picture for newspapers’, The Guardian , available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2005/dec/19/mondaymediasection Jim Hall, 2001, Online journalism : a critical primer , London: Pluto Press Brian McNair, 2007, ‘The British Press, 1992-2007’ unpublished conference paper presented at Future of Newspapers conference, Cardiff, September 2007. Rupert Murdoch, 2005 speech given at the American Society of Newspaper Editors, available at http://www.newscorp.com/news/news_247.html Rupert Murdoch, 2006, speech given at the Annual Livery Lecture at the Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers, available at http://www.newscorp.com/news/news_285.html Salem Pax, 2003-4 ‘Where is Raed?’ available at http://dear_raed.blogspot.com/ BBC, Reuters & Media Centre, 2006, ‘Trust in the Media’, May, available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/shared/bsp/hi/pdfs/02_05_06mediatrust.pdf