Open data – Knowledge Management with a Public Benefit
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This document discusses knowledge management and the benefits of open data. It argues that sharing knowledge as widely as possible through open data helps prevent loss of knowledge over time. Open data prepared with metadata and machine-readability can promote interoperability and reuse. However, realizing these benefits requires operational capacity, interoperable technology, and processes to facilitate data sharing. The document provides examples of open data sources from government, commercial companies, and research institutes. It also discusses applications and economic value of open data, as well as technical, political, and process considerations for implementing open data programs.
Open data – Knowledge Management with a Public Benefit
- 1. Whythawk Open Data Knowledge Management with a Public Benefit SIKM, April 2016
- 2. Losing our past, losing our future
- 3. The Burning of the Library at Alexandria in 391 AD, Ambrose Dudley, The Stapleton Collection The best defence against the loss of knowledge is to share it as widely as possible. Open knowledge survives. Private knowledge does not. 3
- 4. Knowledge, discovery and interoperability Knowledge drives the creation of more knowledge. Knowledge requires management: • Technology • Operations • Process Information and data drive analysis, decision-making and change. Rosetta Stone in the British Museum, photography by Hans Hillewaert / CC-BY-SA-3.0 4
- 5. Open data and knowledge management Open data is the public dissemination of all or part of the information from a knowledge management system. Gains include: • Preparation and presentation of that data for reuse is critical; • Adherence to metadata (structure and descriptive), as well as ontologies to describe aboutness; • Machine-readability to promote interoperability; • Persistent URIs; 'Sutra on the Perfection of Wisdom in 8000 verses' – Wellcome Library, London, Creative Commons Attribution only licence CC BY 4.0 5
- 6. Interoperability promotes data mashups Governments and organisations are unable to respond to the needs of their people, or the dangers from adversity, for lack of: • interoperable technology which promotes data discovery, • operational capacity to use that data, and • the processes in place to demand data sharing 6 On the Mode of Communication of Cholera, John Snow, 1854 – Wellcome Library, London, Creative Commons Attribution only licence CC BY 4.0
- 8. “Open Data” are made available to the public free of charge, without registration or restrictive licenses, for any purpose whatsoever (including commercial purposes), in electronic, machine- readable formats that ensure data are easy to find, download and use. • Data must be legally open • Data must be technically open Report on the mortality of cholera in England, 1848-49, William Farr, 1852 – Wellcome Library, London, Creative Commons Attribution only licence CC BY 4.0 8
- 9. Open by default assumes that – even though the data has already served the purpose for which it was collected – it may still have value to others. 9 Don’t eat at ___ by Max Stoller
- 10. Data sources Rudolf Virchow observing an operation on the skull in a Paris Clinic, Historischer Bilderdienst, Berlin – Wellcome Library, London, Creative Commons Attribution only licence CC BY 4.0 Government Companies Research institutes 10
- 11. Government
- 12. Weather and maps
- 13. Spending 13
- 15. Publishers 15
- 16. Institutions In 2011, 43% of Brazilian science articles were free to read on publication, compared with 6% of US articles. SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) is a subsidised collection of mainly Latin American journals that puts out more than 40,000 free- to-read articles each year. 16
- 18. Commercial
- 19. Market capitalisation of over $3 billion, driven by a database of more than 110 million US homes. 19
- 20. House sales data from the UK Land Registry Annual sales of £76m and profit of £25m 86% of its sales come in subscriptions from over 19,000 estate agents 20
- 21. 21 Acquired for $930 million by Monsanto in October 2013 Uses 60 years of detailed crop yield data, weather observations from one million locations in the United States and 14 terabytes of soil quality data Helps farmers improve their profits by making better informed operating and financing decisions.
- 22. Mashups
- 23. Screenshot
- 24. What’s open data worth?
- 25. • McKinsey says that globally, the industry generates $3 trillion a year • The Vickery study in the EU estimated that data reuse was worth €28 billion with annual growth of 7% • UK Ordnance Survey underpins £100 billion of economic activity annually for a cost of £100 million pa • Oxera estimates Gross Value Add by the Geospatial Services Sector of $113 billion a year • The US government spends $135 billion on R&D 25 • The Wellcome Trust spends $750 million a year on research • The Gates Foundation spends $3.5 billion Governments are signing up to open by default Research institutes are being compelled to publish their data
- 26. How do you do it?
- 27. Technical 27 “World Bank Group. 2014. Technical Assessment of Open Data Platforms for National Statistical Organisations. World Bank, Washington, DC. © World Bank. License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
- 28. The danger of overprovisioning 28 NISR Data Portals
- 29. Political consequences of open data 29 Tanzania passes new draconian data law - The East African, 27 March 2015
- 30. Operational • Training, mentorship, and capacity building • Change management • Systems and standards • Management commitment 30 "British Library HMNTS 10261.h.25." Image taken from page 356 of 'Berlin in Wort und Bild, etc'
- 31. Process Technology exists Skills can be learned Systems can be implemented Politics, and the process of navigating institutional fear, hold us back It is possible 31 An angel leading a soul into hell. Oil painting by a follower of Hieronymus Bosch – Wellcome Library, London, Creative Commons Attribution only licence CC BY 4.0
- 32. Unlock hidden wealth with data
- 33. 33 • Ensure capacity within internal departments and engagement from external organisations • Train Open Data Managers – both Administrative and Technical • Key Open Data Manager appointments maintain momentum • Open data and civic engagement create economic opportunity Interior of the Mosque of Sultan al-Ghuri, Cairo– Wellcome Library, London, Creative Commons Attribution only licence CC BY 4.0 33