Open Educational Resources: Policy, Technology and Practices

Commonwealth Educational
Media Centre for Asia

Open Educational
Resources
Policy, Technology and Practice

Definition
 teaching, learning and research materials in
any medium, digital or otherwise, that reside
in the public domain or have been released
under an open license that permits no-cost
access, use, adaptation and redistribution by
others with no or limited restrictions. Open
licensing is built within the existing
framework of intellectual property rights as
defined by relevant international conventions
and respects the authorship of the work

History and Developments
 MIT OpenCourseWare, 2001
 UNESCO Forum on the Impact of Open
Courseware for Higher Education in
Developing Countries, 2002
 OLI-CMU, 2002
 OER Paris Declaration 2012
 COMOSA OER Policy

What is “Open”?
 It’s about open license used to share
educational material
 Reuse
 Revise
 Remix
 Redistribute
 No permission required as long as the open
license is respected

Benefits of OER
 Promote lifelong learning
 Contribute to social inclusion, gender equity
and education for the special needs
 Improve cost-efficiency and quality of
teaching and learning

Major issues
 Understanding open license
 Developing OER
 OER Policy development

Open Licenses
Creative Commons Concepts
 CC-BY  Attribution
 CC-BY-SA  Share Alike
 CC-BY-NC  Non-Commercial
 CC-BY-NC-SA  Non-Derivative
 CC-BY-ND
 CC-BY-NC-ND

Technology and Platforms
 Wikipedia, Wikieducator, Wikivarsity
 Wikispaces, etc.
 Connexions
 MIT OpenCourseware
 OLI-CMU
 FlexiLearn
 OpenLearn

Searching OER
 Activity to search OER
– Search one video on OER under CC license
– Search a course in OER on a subject of your
interest

Wiki-approach to content
development and teaching
 Meaning quick, quick is a Hawaiian word,
coined by Ward Cunningham in 2005
 Popular example is Wikipedia
 User can edit the pages
 History of the page created can be checked
and reverted back
 Courses are open to all
 Provides a collaborative learning platform to
the learners

OER Use Case Study 1
• Open Education, 2007
• David Wiley taught a
3 credit course using
Wiki
• Used weekly reading
and blogging
• Assignments and
grading
• Over 50 learners took
this course

OER use Case Study 2
• SLM Development, 2008
• Sanjaya Mishra trained
20 individuals to write
self-learning materials
• Used weekly reading and
GoogleGroup
• Wiki-based Tasks to
develop SLM using wiki
• Learning contract,
certification, online
activities, visible outputs

OER use Case Study 3
• Bangladesh Open
School, SLM Training
• F2F and Online
training
• Development of Units
• Collaborative course
Development

Wiki in Course Development
 MediaWiki Server can be configured to have two
iteration of the same course content
 One for the Course Team, and the other for learners'
access
 Course Team member work to prepare the materials that
may require content expertise, media expertise
(graphics, audio, video, animation), interaction
expertise, and instructional design expertise
 Quality benchmarks can be developed to see that the
material has reached certain level of maturity, and can
be transported to the open access platform for the
learners' use

Advantages of Wiki-based OER
 Updating and revision of courses become easy
 Learner participation in course, and their engagement
will improve
 Some of the user generated content may be useful in
revision
 Courses will become live and dynamic rather than static
and outdated
 Quality of the course would improve as it will adhere to
copyright regulations (as it will be open)
 Open content licensing policy can be adopted
 Courses can be developed fast using OER

Advantages of Wiki-based OER
 Print copies can be developed automatically using
PediaPress PDF server
 Print-on-demand facility can be used
 Less paper use, and digital preservation of content with
each editing recored
 Resources other than main text can also be integrated
including Slideshare, YouTube, MindMap, Google
Calender, etc.
 Online quiz, and self-assessment activities can be in-
built within the learning material
 Discussion Forum can be built around lessons

Myths about Wikis
 Wikis are not reliable
 Anyone can edit wiki pages
 Using Wiki will make courses constructivist
 Wiki Courses does not need management
 Wikis promote plagiarism

Any one can teach
 WikiEducator Demonstration and practice
 Creating user page
 Cheat Sheet

Open Educational Resources: Policy, Technology and Practices

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