Overview of Open Educational Resources (OERs) [faculty presentation]
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The document serves as a primer for faculty on the proliferation of high-quality, open educational resources (OER) made accessible through web 2.0 tools, emphasizing the importance of overcoming copyright challenges. It discusses various licensing models, such as Creative Commons and copyleft, that facilitate the sharing and modification of educational content. The document also highlights the benefits of OER, including increased collaboration among educators and improved quality of learning materials.
![Eureka! Discovering Rich Sources of Open Educational Content: a primer for faculty Goals Draw attention to (herald) the proliferation of sources of high-quality, reusable, open access content which is increasingly produced using Web 2.0 tools. Suggest ways open content resources can be used to overcome some of the challenges of copyright. By Rick Reo ( [email_address] ) Copyright and Public Domain, by Rosemary Chase George Mason University, Fairfax, VA](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/overview-of-open-educational-resources-oers-faculty-presentation287/85/Overview-of-Open-Educational-Resources-OERs-faculty-presentation-1-320.jpg)
Overview of Open Educational Resources (OERs) [faculty presentation]
- 1. Eureka! Discovering Rich Sources of Open Educational Content: a primer for faculty Goals Draw attention to (herald) the proliferation of sources of high-quality, reusable, open access content which is increasingly produced using Web 2.0 tools. Suggest ways open content resources can be used to overcome some of the challenges of copyright. By Rick Reo ( [email_address] ) Copyright and Public Domain, by Rosemary Chase George Mason University, Fairfax, VA
- 2. Eureka! Discovering Rich Sources of Open Educational Content: a primer for faculty Goals cont. Herald the mission of OER Commons: “to expand educational opportunities by increasing access to high-quality Open Educational Resources (OER), and facilitating the creation, use, and re-use of OER, for instructors, students, and self-learners.”
- 3. Creative Commons 3.0 License I grant you the right to: Copy Distribute Modify As long as you: BY - Attribute it to me NC - Don’t use it commercially SA - Give all derivative works these same rights
- 4. Notice of Use Restrictions Certain materials are included under the fair use exemption of the U.S. Copyright Law Materials are included in accordance with the multimedia fair use guidelines , and Materials are restricted from further use.
- 5. Outline Copyright/Public Domain Copyleft Creative Commons License your work Find CC-licensed work Open Educational Resources (OERs) Academic Projects Non-Profits Projects Open Content Tools Commercial
- 6. Image Source: Lewis Hine, 1920, Wikimedia Commons Learning Objects belong to an industrial era model
- 7. Web-based digital media has become highly fluid. (OLCOS, 2007) Open Learning Content Observatory Services Image Source: Dali, Rafael Nogueira's photostream, Flickr , Retrieved 2007
- 8. “ Web 2.0 is about collaboration and remix, and syndication of data in such a way that anyone, anywhere can use the results.” Blog Post: http://heyjude.wordpress.com/2006/10/13/99/ Web 2.0 Context “ Commons-based peer production” “ digital technology provides new opportunities for rich reuses of content in many educational contexts…” Source: Berkman Center White Paper, August 2006 Source: Tim O’Reilly, Sept. 2005
- 9. “ Web 2.0 is about collaboration and remix, and syndication of data in such a way that anyone, anywhere can use the results.” Blog Post: http://heyjude.wordpress.com/2006/10/13/99/ Web 2.0 Context “ Commons-based peer production” “ digital technology provides new opportunities for rich reuses of content in many educational contexts…” Source: Berkman Center White Paper, August 2006 Source: Tim O’Reilly, Sept. 2005
- 10. Why is this important to us? Copyright laws have not kept up with the pace of change and proliferation of digital media materials Need more adaptive, less restrictive protections Copyright presents barriers for educational adoption and use of social software tools and services Example: Instructional Resources Repository Two Models: Develop in-house or bring in from off campus sources?
- 11. Copyleft Traditional Copyright © All rights reserved Exclusive restrictions on redistribution and modification Creative Commons licensing Some rights reserved Choice of restriction on redistribution and modification and Share-Alike Public Domain No rights reserved Unrestricted redistribution and modification
- 12. Public Domain? First, what is copyright protection?
- 13. What is Copyright? Copyright law grants exclusive rights to the owners of original works Such as: Literary, musical, artistic, choreographic, etc A Set of Exclusive Rights
- 14. To be copyright…able Work must be: Original expression Fixed in a tangible form Begins: At the moment original work is fixed Example: Graphic created in Photoshop is protected as soon as saved to disk
- 15. NOT-COPYRIGHT … ABLE Non-Protected Works Cannot be © Facts Titles Names Short phrases Ideas
- 16. PUBLIC DOMAIN Includes the following: Non-protected works (from the previous slide) Anything published in 1922 or before Federal Government Works
- 17. PUBLIC DOMAIN? Who took the photo? – that’s the question Photo: 1962, Louvre, for an exhibition catalogue for the National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C. Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa, 1503-07
- 18. § 106: Protected Rights of Copyright Owner: Reproduction: to make copies of the work Distribution: to sell or otherwise distribute copies of the work Modification: to modify the work or prepare new works based on the protected work Public performance & display: to perform or display the protected work (such as a stage play or painting) in public
- 19. Registration & Notice Copyright may be registered Notice may be placed on work – © ® ™ Neither is required for a work to be protected!
- 20. The University Channel: Princeton University http:// uc.princeton.edu /main/ a collection of public lectures from universities around the world, dealing with International Affairs and Environmental Studies. Public Domain example CC license: BY-NC-ND 2.5 and some public domain Content is submitted by member institutions: available as podcasts some as webstreams some via TV
- 21. Public Domain Film & Video Resources www.loc.gov/rr/mopic/pubdomain.html www.archive.org/details/movies www.archive.org/details/prelinger www.desertIslandFilms.com
- 22. Public Domain Tunes http://www.pdinfo.com/list/htm Bicycle Built for Two (Daisy…) 1892 Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star 1765 Sweet Adeline 1903
- 23. “ Free” Image Resources http://FreeFoto.com – a large collection of free photos for private non-commercial use http://FreeStockPhotos.com – Free photography for personal or commercial use - NO linking, just take them http://www.procartoonz.net http://www.rubberball.com http://www.istockphoto.com/index.php http://www.killersites.com/photoStock/indexPhotoStock.htm
- 24. Copyleft? Copyright is a two-edged sword: it can be used to restrict and control digital information it can be used to permit liberal use of digital information Source: Charles Bailey: http://www.digital-scholarship.com/cwb/ital25n3.pdf Copyleft Defined: "a copyright notice that permits unrestricted redistribution and modification, provided that all copies and derivatives retain the same permissions.” Source: http://www.infotoday.com/searcher/nov02/ebbinghouse2.htm Licenses collectively known as "copyleft“: The Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike Licenses The GNU Free Document License Thomas Jefferson, 1813: “He who receives an idea from me, receives instruction himself without lessening mine;
- 25. License Your Work Deed : BY-NC-SA 3.0 Yes, this service is legal, valid, & free Provides voluntary "some rights reserved“ copyright licenses for authors and artists Creative Commons (CC) Licensing
- 26. Creative Commons 3.0 License I grant you the right to: Copy Distribute Modify As long as you: BY - Attribute it to me NC - Don’t use it commercially SA - Give all derivative works these same rights
- 27. Online Book Tales from the Public Domain: BOUND BY LAW Deed : BY-NC-SA 2.5 Example CC Licensed Work http:// www.law.duke.edu/cspd/comics/digital.html
- 29. ccPublisher Tool http://wiki.creativecommons.org/CcPublisher Eliminates the need to copy/paste HTML and CC-buttons Automates tagging & publishing media Cross-platform desktop install Expected other software and Web applications will include it CC add-in for MS Office embed CC licenses directly into Word, PowerPoint, and Excel documents Tools for CC Licensing Your Work
- 30. Search #1 Find CC licensed materials See also Google Advanced Search (See Usage Rights filter) Firefox and CC Search CC Search Tools Search the Public Web (2.0)
- 31. Find CC licensed materials http://learn.creativecommons.org/ ccLearn
- 32. What are OERs? Learning Content Implementation Resources Software Tools Open Access Content content (including metadata) that is provided free of charge for educational institutions, and end-users such as teachers, students and lifelong learners; …. CC-licensing & Remix content that is liberally licensed for re-use in educational activities, favourable free from restrictions to modify, combine and repurpose the content; …. Open Source Software educational systems/tools software for which the source code is available (i.e. Open Source software) …. Definition of open educational resources: http://wikieducator.org/Open_Educational_Content/olcos/introduction#Open_content_for_open_learning Search #2 Open Educational Resources (OERs)
- 33. I Can’t Believe It’s Butter Open Access Resources Open Content Open Free like free beer and Free like freedom of speech Voluntary Accessible Flexible
- 34. Open Content Open Ed Resources Open Access Pubs Open Source software
- 35. Advantages of Using OERs Increased collegiality and online cooperation among educators who share in the development of learning resources Increased quality as learning materials move out of the private classroom into the public domain. Free and easy to use and reuse May be more transportable than Learning Objects Avoids standards compliance Sharable Learning Objects, SCORM, XML etc.
- 36. Proof of Concept for Open Content Project MUSE – 1993 began as a pioneering joint project of the Johns Hopkins University Press and the Milton S. Eisenhower Library at JHU. JSTOR (Journal Storage) – 1995 is an online system for archiving academic journals. Internet Archive – 1996 founded to build an Internet library, with the purpose of offering permanent access for researchers, historians, and scholars to historical collections that exist in digital format. MERLOT – 1997 user-centered, collection of peer reviewed, higher education, online learning materials created by registered members, and a set of faculty development support services.
- 37. Multiple OER Models Structure / organization Top-down Grassroots Peer-to-Peer Intellectual property rights CC required CC optional Hybrid Content granularity Full courses, modules, syllabi, assignments, quizzes, media etc.
- 38. OERs The Mother Lode Hewlett Foundation projects ( PDF ) Multiple Gateway & Portal sites http:// topics.developmentgateway.org/openeducation # http://ocwconsortium.org/use/index.html http:// opencontent.org/ocwfinder / http:// www.colfinder.org/ocw/index.jsp http://sage.eou.edu/SPT/ http://wikieducator.org/Exemplary_Collection_of_Open_eLearning_Content_Repositories 3rd Party Lists CC Content Curators http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Content_Curators 80 OER Tools http://oedb.org/library/features/80-oer-tools Open Educational Resources – Gateway & Portal Sites See also: http:// wikieducator.org/Special:Search/Exemplary
- 39. OER Commons http://www.oercommons.org/ Called, "A WorldWide Learning Network", this site contains over 8000 resources Open Educational Resources – Commons Portal Site
- 40. Connexions , Rice University grassroots development model for OERs All content is free to use and reuse under the CC attribution license Open Educational Resources – Connexions
- 41. Open Educational Resources – OpenCourseWare Portal Source: Downes, S. 2007. Places to Go: OpenCourseWare Consortium. Innovate 3 (3). Clearinghouse for Courseware site contains high quality course materials available for use and adaptation under an open license… MIT’s OpenCourseWare Initiative Tufts Univ. Utah State More recently -- Open University See also: Open CourseWare Finder http:// opencontent.org/ocwfinder /
- 42. Other Educational Projects Audio Lectures / Podcasts Distance Education http:// www.stlcc.edu/distance/text/resources/ownership.html Educause / Educause Policy http://www.educause.edu/Copyright/1439 The Global Textbook Project http:// globaltext.org / Science Commons http:// sciencecommons.org / Academic Commons http://www.academiccommons.org/ IT Conversations http:// www.itconversations.com/index.html University Channel http:// uc.princeton.edu /main/ Ourmedia.org – free, but all content must be publicly available and public domain? Other Academic Projects and Initiatives
- 43. Wikimedia Foundation “ a community for the creation and use of free learning materials and activities” Wikibooks Wikieducator Social Organizations / Non-Profits
- 44. Wikiversity “ a community for the creation and use of free learning materials and activities” Social Organizations / Non-Profits
- 45. GNU Free = CC: SA-NC-BY Social Organizations/Non-Profits GNU Free Documentation License
- 46. Open Access Journals PLoS is a nonprofit organization of scientists and physicians committed to making the world's scientific and medical literature a freely available public resource. http://www.plos.org/ BioMed Central - Publisher of more than 170 peer-reviewed open access journals http://www.biomedcentral.com/ Social Organizations / Non-Profits
- 47. controversial project to scan the most famous literary written works in the world 12 major universities have joined A second round of libraries joined in six months ago: University of California; the University Complutense of Madrid; the National Library of Catalonia; the University of Wisconsin, Madison; University of Virginia ; and the University of Texas at Austin. The Michigan and Texas libraries agreed to scan works that are still under copyright. The rest have said they are focusing on public domain works or are still considering whether to scan copyrighted works. Princeton - 1 million public domain books Commercial
- 48. Microsoft’s Live Search Academic Beta http://academic.live.com/ Commercial
- 49. “ 2. Proper Use . The content and software on this Site is the property of Google and/or its suppliers and is protected by U.S. and international intellectual property laws. Accordingly, you agree that you will not copy, reproduce, alter, modify, create derivative works, or publicly display any content (except for your own personal, non-commercial use ) from the Site.” Acquired YouTube.com – NBC putting stuff there – a lot of this is copyrighted Commercial
- 50. Flickr: Free Photo Archive Makes available 6 different kinds of CC-licenses Some Rights Reserved Commercial
- 51. Novell OCW http://ocw.novell.com/ Commercial
- 52. Reference Management / Social Bookmarking Tools H 2 O Playlist – Berkman Center for Internet & Society All playlists CC-licensed Citeulike – manage links to academic papers (dominated by biological and medical papers) http://www.citeulike.org/faq/all.adp Connotea – free online reference management for all researchers, clinicians, and scientists getCITED -- online, member-controlled academic database, directory and discussion forum Open Content Tools
- 53. MOCSL: Making Open Content Support Learning last modified 2007-01-25 12:07 http:// cosl.usu.edu/projects/mocsl / MOCSL is a set of small tools designed specifically to advance the state of the art in supporting end users’ abilities to find and reuse educational resources The tools are under development and will be released for general use over the course of 2007. E.g., OER Finder Open Content Tools
- 54. Educational Software Free and/or Open Source Software Faculty may also save effort by using free and open resources provided by: LON_CAPA - Distributed Learning Content Management and Assessment System Moodle - Learning Content Management The Sakai Project - Learning Content Management eduCommons (demo) OpenCourseWare Management System – Utah State Mambo – Web Page CMS Open Source Portfolio – ePortfolio Wikispaces /pbWiki Open Content Tools
- 55. MISC. Open e-Learning Consultant – by Jane Hart Useful website of resources http://www.janeknight.com/Directory/Content/free.html Epsilen: OER online tutorial by Judy Baker http://crs7278.foothill.epsilen.com Open Content Tools
- 56. Wikieducator Tutorials Can you find what you need? At the level of granularity you need? More often, you want to create own materials by re-mixing what you find. Introduction: PLAN the use of OER Tutorial: SEARCH & FIND OER Tutorial: PRODUCE & REMIX OER: author & modify Tutorial: SHARE OER: publish and re-use Tutorial: CHOOSE a license Tutorial: USE open source tools Finding Tools Open Content Tools http:// en.wikieducator.org / OLCOS , the Open Learning Content Observatory Services
- 57. Open Education 2007: Localizing and Learning September 26-28, 2007 http://cosl.usu.edu/conferences/opened2007/call-for-papers Conference Themes What are the next steps, now that there are thousands of open-licensed educational resources available? OpenEd 2007 will focus on: Localizing open educational resources Learning from open educational resources Open Content Tools
- 58. Questions?? Turracher Schwarzsee (Austria) Source: Wikimedia Commons
- 59. Pitfalls / Challenges for Implementing or IT staff Security issues IP issues Faculty staff concerns with Validity Reliability Usability Harvest globally, grow locally Interface /integration issues Student vs. faculty/staff use
- 60. Benefits for Implementing or IT staff Professional development New scholarship and new forms publishing (2007 HR) Access to growing amount of high-quality resources at all levels of granularity Instructional guides Modules/workshops courses
- 61. Sample Course or Professional Development project A slide from Leigh Blackall's presentation, Networked Learning
Editor's Notes
- #2: Primer goal is to encourage adoption of free sources of social/collab generated learning materials and tools. CC = a movement to reverse the limitations of copyright by providing a flexible range of options for use/reuse of digital information Some portions of this presentation were liberally adapted with permission from: