Open Educational Resources (OER) and OpenCourseWare (OCW)
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The document discusses open educational resources (OER) and OpenCourseWare (OCW), emphasizing their role in providing freely accessible teaching, learning, and research materials to the public. It highlights MIT's OCW initiative, which offers free course content and is widely used by self-directed learners, students, and educators globally. The document also touches on the importance of Creative Commons in supporting the sharing of educational resources while addressing copyright issues.
Open Educational Resources (OER) and OpenCourseWare (OCW)
- 1. Open Educational Resources (OER) & OpenCourseware (OCW) Anne Arendt
- 2. Public Domain Public domain items are available for anyone to use for any purpose. Property rights are held by the public at large Not controlled or owned by anyone
- 3. OER The open educational resources movement consists of freely accessible electronic access to course materials, but it also involves other aspects such as open access to books and library materials, and access to modules of educational information instead of complete courses. It may also include educational communication tools or implementation resources as well (International Institute, 2005).
- 4. OER Essentially, it is teaching, learning, and research resources, content or otherwise, which reside in the public domain or have been released under an intellectual-property license that permits their free use or repurposing by others. This may include learning content, tools such as software, or implementation resources such as methods or principles (Smith & Casserly, 2006; Stover, 2005; Trenin, 2007).
- 5. OER Lets look a moment at: Open eLearning Content Observatory Services at http://www.olcos.org/ Their intention, overall, is to foster learning and the acquisition of competencies in both teachers and learners (Open eLearning, 2007).
- 6. OER Good places to start: http://discovered.creativecommons.org/search/ http://www.ocwfinder.com/ http://www.oerrecommender.org/
- 7. Learning Objects Learning objects are small, reusable pieces of instructional material Academic Earth: http://academicearth.org/ Connexions: http://cnx.org/ Merlot: http://www.merlot.org/
- 8. OpenCourseWare The OpenCourseWare (OCW) aspect of the open learning initiative was dedicated to the development of freely available, stand-alone college-level online course and teaching materials
- 9. MIT OCW MIT has perhaps the most well known OCW project known to date at http://ocw.mit.edu/ The MIT OCW initiative has made content from all of their approximately 1800 courses available on the Internet at no cost for non-commercial purposes (Matkin, 2005; Carson, 2006)
- 10. MIT OCW MIT’s OCW is visited over 1.2 million times per month from individuals around the globe with the help of nearly 80 mirror sites on university campuses around the world including 54 in Africa and 10 in East Asia.
- 11. MIT OCW Of the visitors of the MIT OCW, 49% are self-directed learners, 32% are students, and 16% are educators from around the world, with 61% of OCW use originating from outside the United States (Carson, 2006).
- 12. MIT OCW Self-directed learner uses include: (a) enhancing personal knowledge (56%), (b) keeping current in the field (16%), and (c) planning future study (14%).
- 13. MIT OCW Student uses include: (a) complementing a course (38%), (b) enhancing personal knowledge (34%), and (c) planning course of study (16%).
- 14. MIT OCW Educator uses include: (a) planning a course (26%), (b) preparing to teach a class (22%), and (c) enhancing personal knowledge (19%) (Carson, 2006).
- 15. OCW Consortium An OCW consortium is found at http://www.ocwconsortium.org/ MIT OCW: http://ocw.mit.edu/ Yale OCW: http://oyc.yale.edu/ Berkeley: http://webcast.berkeley.edu/ OCW at UVU: https://open.uvu.edu
- 16. Reference Materials & Resource Repositories • European Digital Library Project: http://www.edlproject.eu/ • Google Books Library Project: http://books.google.com/googlebooks/library.html •BCR Collaborative Digitization Program: http://www.bcr.org/cdp/ • Wikipedia: http://www.wikipedia.org/ • OER Commons: http://www.oercommons.org • Library of Congress: http://www.loc.gov/ • NASA: http://www.nasa.gov/
- 17. Social Software • YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/edu/ • Ning: http://www.ning.com • Lymabean: http://www.lymabean.com
- 18. Open Access Journals & Publications Directory of Open Access Journals: http://www.doaj.org/
- 19. Document Sharing Decision was recently made (July 31, 2009) to subscribe to SelectedWorks and create a branded institutional repository at UVU. Catherine McIntyre can be contacted for more information.
- 20. Document Sharing • Mendeley: http://www.mendeley.com/ • DSpace: http://dspace.mit.edu • SelectedWorks: http://works.bepress.com/ • 280 Slides: http://280slides.com •Google Docs: http://docs.google.com
- 21. Creative Commons & CC Learn Creative Commons which frees materials from automatically applied copyright restrictions by providing free, easy-to-use, flexible licenses for creators to place on their digital materials that permit the originator to grant rights as they see fit http://creativecommons.org ccLearn focuses specifically on open learning and open educational resources http://learn.creativecommons.org
- 22. Creative Commons Larry Lessig of Stanford is pursuing something called the Creative Commons which frees materials from automatically applied copyright restrictions by providing free, easy-to-use, flexible licenses for creators to place on their digital materials that permit the originator to grant rights as they see fit (Fitzergerald, 2007; Smith & Casserly, 2006)
- 23. Creative Commons A summary video can be found at http://creativecommons.org/about/ that explains CC well. Other videos, equally good in explain CC, can be found at http://creativecommons.org/videos/
- 24. Creative Commons Six major licenses of the Creative Commons: Attribution (CC-BY) Attribution Share Alike (CC-BY-SA) Attribution No Derivatives (CC-BY-ND) Attribution Non-Commercial (CC-BY-NC) Attribution Non-Commercial Share Alike (CC-BY-NC-SA) Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) See http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/
- 25. Creative Commons There is one last one – CC0 No rights reserved In contrast to CC’s licenses that allow copyright holders to choose from a range of permissions while retaining their copyright, CC0 empowers yet another choice altogether – the choice to opt out of copyright and the exclusive rights it automatically grants to creators – the “no rights reserved” alternative to our licenses. http://creativecommons.org/about/cc0
- 26. Creative Commons Individuals place Creative Commons licenses on individual items. Thus, there is no fool-proof way to search all items with some type of CC release on them. Resources to gets you started: http://search.creativecommons.org/ http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Content_Curators
- 27. Creative Commons Equally, there are a number of area-specific methods of searching for creative commons released items. Images http://images.google.com/advanced_image_search?hl=en (usage rights section) http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Main_Page http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pictures_and_images http://www.flickr.com/creativecommons/
- 28. Creative Commons Video http://www.archive.org/details/opensource_movies Music & Audio http://www.archive.org/details/opensource_audio http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Music_sound http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Sound Other http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_projects_using_Creative_Commons_licenses
- 29. CcLearn A development stemming from Creative Commons is ccLearn (July 2007) focused specifically on open learning and open educational resources. It emphasizes diminishing legal, technical, & social barriers. A primary goal of ccLearn is to build a comprehensive directory of open educational resources with the assistance of Google with encourages their discovery and subsequent use (Atkins et al., 2007; Bissell, 2007; Brantley, 2007). Learn more about ccLearn and the Open Education Community at http://learn.creativecommons.org/
- 30. ccLearn A good place to find educational resources that are creative commons released, visit one of the below resources: http://discovered.creativecommons.org/search/ http://www.ocwfinder.com/ http://www.oerrecommender.org/
- 31. Social Bookmarking Share links: * Del.icio.us: http://delicious.com/ * Trailfire: http://www.trailfire.com/annearendt/trailview/82532 Ranked news: http://digg.com/ Share scholarly resources: http://www.citeulike.org/
- 32. In Summary “ Among many other forms, one form of rampant lawlessness on the Internet consists of copyright infringement, that is, the unauthorized copying and distribution of material created and owned by others. Given the scope of the problem, a number of movements to mitigate copyright infringement on the Internet have begun. One such movement involves the use of digital tools and legal action to prohibit copyright infringement. Another movement, copyleft, seeks to build a richer public domain and change the assignment of rights from the automatic "all rights reserved" to a more egalitarian version dubbed "some rights reserved." At the forefront of this second movement is Creative Commons, a web-based intellectual property sharing schema developed by a consortium headed by Professor Lawrence Lessig of Stanford Law School” (Broussard, 2009) http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_7081/is_3_26/ai_n28457434/?tag=content;col1
- 33. Closing As Smith & Casserly note, “we are aware that all creators of knowledge need a place to put their materials and that flow of knowledge should be multidirectional and adaptable to the local learning environment” (2006).