Paper Prototyping
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The document provides an overview of a workshop on paper prototyping, led by Jim Ross, detailing the process of creating and testing paper prototypes for user interface design. It emphasizes the benefits of low-fidelity prototypes, including quick feedback and ease of modifications during usability testing, while also addressing limitations like lack of realism and remote testing capabilities. The workshop covers the creation of prototypes and the structure of usability testing to analyze user interactions effectively.
Paper Prototyping
- 1. Paper Prototyping Jim Ross Senior UX Architect, Infragistics jross@infragistics.com @anotheruxguy Flickr: CannedTuna Paper Prototyping
- 2. Paper Prototyping Jim Ross Senior UX Architect, Infragistics jross@infragistics.com @anotheruxguy
- 3. An introduction to: (45 minutes) • Creating paper prototypes • Conducting usability testing with paper prototypes Exercise • Create your own paper prototype (30 minutes) • Usability testing of your paper prototype (30 minutes) • Discussion (10 minutes) What We’ll Do in this Workshop June 11, 2015 3
- 4. We won’t get into the details of: • Usability testing in depth • Analyzing the data What We’ll Do in this Workshop June 11, 2015 4
- 5. How many people have… • Designed a user interface? • Created a paper prototype? • Conducted usability testing? About You June 11, 2015 5
- 6. z z Why Prototype? June 11, 2015 6
- 7. Prototyping is the link between design and development. Why Prototype? June 11, 2015 7 Flickr: CannedTuna Flickr: Yandle
- 8. Prototyping allows you to validate the design before building it, with: • The project team • Clients and stakeholders • Users Why Prototype? June 11, 2015 8
- 9. You get the best feedback from designs that people can try out. Why Prototype? June 11, 2015 9 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 10. Prototypes provide something concrete to interact with and react to. Why Prototype? June 11, 2015 10 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 11. You can focus on observing behavior instead of opinions. Why Prototype? June 11, 2015 11 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 12. z z Why Paper Prototype? June 11, 2015 12
- 13. “Someone once asked me what the paper prototyping bumper sticker would say, and my answer was, ‘Maximum feedback for minimum effort.’” - Carolyn Snyder Why Paper Prototype? June 11, 2015 13 Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print.
- 14. Paper prototypes Spectrum of prototypes Why Paper Prototype? June 11, 2015 14 Fully coded prototypes Low-fidelity High-fidelity Flickr: Andy Bardill Interactive prototypes Static wireframes linked together
- 15. Because they are quick and easy to create: • You don’t waste time trying to make them look perfect. Why Paper Prototype? June 11, 2015 15 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 16. Because they are quick and easy to create: • You can get feedback early in the design process. Why Paper Prototype? June 11, 2015 16Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 17. Usability testing participants feel more comfortable being critical with a low-fidelity design. Why Paper Prototype? June 11, 2015 17 Flickr: Kevin Pelrine
- 18. You can easily make changes to the prototype during usability testing. Why Paper Prototype? June 11, 2015 18 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 19. Paper prototyping can be a way for more people to contribute to the design. Why Paper Prototype? June 11, 2015 19 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 20. Disadvantages of Paper Prototypes • They’re less realistic than higher-fidelity prototypes Why Paper Prototype? June 11, 2015 20 Flickr: Rosenfeld Media
- 21. Disadvantages of Paper Prototypes • You can’t do the testing remotely. Why Paper Prototype? June 11, 2015 21 Flickr: yooperann
- 22. z z Creating Paper Prototypes June 11, 2015 22
- 23. z z / / / Creating Paper Prototypes Design First, Then Prototype June 11, 2015 23
- 24. Focus on designing first. Design First, Then Prototype June 11, 2015 24Flickr: Johan Larsson
- 25. Focus on designing first. Design First, Then Prototype June 11, 2015 25Flickr: Canned Tuna
- 26. Then create a prototype to show how the design works. Design First, Then Prototype June 11, 2015 26Flickr: Rosenfeld Media
- 27. Determine what you want to test, and create the prototype elements to test those things. Design First, Then Prototype June 11, 2015 27Flickr: Christian_Campos
- 28. Things you might want to test: • Can people accomplish their tasks? • Findability – navigation, organization, and labeling of content or functions • Understanding of icons, terminology, instructions, etc. • Expectations Design First, Then Prototype June 11, 2015 28
- 29. z z / / / Creating Paper Prototypes Examples of Paper Prototypes June 11, 2015 29
- 30. Examples of interactions you can create with paper prototypes: Examples of Paper Prototypes June 11, 2015 30Example 2Example 1
- 31. z z / / / Creating Paper Prototypes Gather the Materials June 11, 2015 31
- 32. For screens • Paper • Cardboard/card stock Gather the Materials June 11, 2015 32
- 33. Cutting tools • Scissors • X-Acto knife Gather the Materials June 11, 2015 33 Flickr: Hsin-Cheng Lin
- 34. For elements that lay on top of screens • Index cards Gather the Materials June 11, 2015 34 Warfel, Todd Zaki. Prototyping: A Practitioner's Guide. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media, 2009. Print.
- 35. For elements that lay on top of screens • Post-it notes Gather the Materials June 11, 2015 35 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 36. For elements that lay on top of screens • Transparencies Gather the Materials June 11, 2015 36 Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print. Flickr: Rosenfeld Media
- 37. Adhesives • Tape • Glue sticks • Restickable glue Gather the Materials June 11, 2015 37 Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print.
- 38. To make quick changes • Correction fluid/White Out Gather the Materials June 11, 2015 38 Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print.
- 39. Writing instruments • Pencil • Pens and markers – black, blue, red, and green • Transparency markers for data entry Gather the Materials June 11, 2015 39 Warfel, Todd Zaki. Prototyping: A Practitioner's Guide. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media, 2009. Print. Flickr: Canned Tuna
- 40. Container for the prototype • To keep all the elements from getting lost • Paper clips to keep small elements together Gather the Materials June 11, 2015 40
- 41. z z / / / Creating Paper Prototypes Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 41
- 42. Determine how you’ll create your paper prototype. • Drawn • Electronic design printed out • Combination of both drawn and printed elements Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 42
- 43. Determine how you’ll create your paper prototype. • Drawn • Electronic design printed out • Combination of both drawn and printed elements Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 43
- 44. Determine how you’ll create your paper prototype. • Drawn • Electronic design printed out • Combination of both drawn and printed elements Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 44 Flickr: Yandle
- 45. Prototyping element kit Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 45http://www.userfocus.co.uk/resources/prototype.html
- 46. The three main types of elements that make up a paper prototype: • Background • Screens • States Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 46
- 47. Create a background. Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 47Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print. Flickr: Samuel Mann Flickr: d_jan
- 48. Create screens. Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 48Flickr: Toms Baugis
- 49. Create states. Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 49Flickr: d_jan
- 50. Menus Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 50 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 51. Dropdown lists Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 51 Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print.
- 52. Dialog windows, tooltips, etc. Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 52 Flickr: Rob Enslin
- 53. Flickr: Squidsoup.org Movable elements Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 53Flickr: Yandle
- 54. Tabs Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 54Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print. Flickr: Squidsoup.org
- 55. Expanding/collapsing sections Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 55 Warfel, Todd Zaki. Prototyping: A Practitioner's Guide. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media, 2009. Print. Flickr: Rosenfeld Media Flickr: Rosenfeld Media Fold in paper Unfolded
- 56. Highlighting an item Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 56 Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print. Flickr: Rosenfeld Media
- 57. Disabled elements Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 57Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print.
- 58. Disabled elements Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 58Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print.
- 59. Text field input • Post-it Notes Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 59 Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print. Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 60. Text field input • Post-it Notes • Transparencies Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 60 Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print.
- 61. Checkboxes and radio buttons Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 61 Warfel, Todd Zaki. Prototyping: A Practitioner's Guide. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media, 2009. Print. Flickr: Rosenfeld Media Flickr: Rosenfeld Media
- 62. Tip: Create handlebars on elements Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 62 Warfel, Todd Zaki. Prototyping: A Practitioner's Guide. Brooklyn, NY: Rosenfeld Media, 2009. Print. Flickr: Rosenfeld Media
- 63. Scrolling Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 63 Snyder, Carolyn. Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces. San Diego, CA: Morgan Kaufmann Pub., 2003. Print. Flickr: Rosenfeld Media
- 64. Scrolling Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 64 Flickr: Liza Berseneva
- 65. Scrolling Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 65 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 66. Carousels Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 66
- 67. Side scrolling menus Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 67Flickr: Rob Enslin
- 68. Slider Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 68 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 69. Updating value Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 69 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 70. Do what works for you. • Feel free to invent new ways of doing these things. • Balance interactivity with the ease or difficulty of testing. Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 70
- 71. You can test many things without any interaction. • Navigation • Expectations • Labeling • Icons Create the Prototype June 11, 2015 71
- 72. z z Testing Paper Prototypes June 11, 2015 72
- 73. Examples of testing paper prototypes: Testing Paper Prototypes June 11, 2015 73Example 1
- 74. z z / / / Testing Paper Prototypes Create the Tasks June 11, 2015 74
- 75. Phrase tasks as a simple, realistic scenario. • “Show me what you’d do if you wanted to look at men’s running shoes.” • “You want to book a hotel room in Sofia near the center of the city. Show me how you’d do that.” Create the Tasks June 11, 2015 75
- 76. “Show me” reminds participants to take an action. • Bad: “What would you’d do if you wanted to find a hotel in Sofia?” • “I’d search on Sofia.” • Good: “Show me what you’d do if you wanted to find a hotel in Sofia.” • Clicks Hotels and types “Sofia” in the search field. Create the Tasks June 11, 2015 76
- 77. Avoid words that “give away” the task. • Bad: • “Show me what you’d do if you wanted to add those shoes to your shopping cart.” • Good: • “Show me what you’d do if you decided you wanted to buy these shoes.” Create the Tasks June 11, 2015 77
- 78. z z / / / Testing Paper Prototypes The People Involved in Testing June 11, 2015 78
- 79. The participant The People Involved in Testing June 11, 2015 79 The participant
- 80. The participant The People Involved in Testing June 11, 2015 80 The facilitator
- 81. The participant The People Involved in Testing June 11, 2015 81 The computer
- 82. Playing both the role of the computer and the facilitator is nearly impossible. The People Involved in Testing June 11, 2015 82 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 83. Get someone else to play the role of the computer. • Knowledge of the design • Organizational skills • Attention to detail The People Involved in Testing June 11, 2015 83 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 84. When you create the prototype, try to keep it simple. The People Involved in Testing June 11, 2015 84Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 85. Conduct several pilot tests. The People Involved in Testing June 11, 2015 85Flickr: Samuel Mann Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 86. z z / / / Testing Paper Prototypes Conducting the Test June 11, 2015 86
- 87. Introduce the prototype. • “This is just a crude, initial prototype. Don’t focus on how it looks.” Conducting the Test June 11, 2015 87 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 88. Introduce the prototype. • “Not every screen or interaction will be shown.” Conducting the Test June 11, 2015 88 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 89. Introduce the testing process. • “Use your finger to tap on what you would click on.” • “Bear with us as the computer reacts to show you what happens next.” Conducting the Test June 11, 2015 89 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 90. Introduce the testing process. • “Think out loud.” Conducting the Test June 11, 2015 90 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 91. During the testing: • Facilitator reads the tasks. • Participant performs the tasks, while thinking aloud. • Computer responds to the participant’s actions. • Facilitator notes success, errors, problems, reactions, etc. • Facilitator asks questions. Conducting the Test June 11, 2015 91 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 92. If the participant runs into a dead end… • “We don’t have that created in the prototype, but what would you expect to happen?” Conducting the Test June 11, 2015 92 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 93. If the participant runs into a dead end… • “Let’s say you clicked on that, and you realized it wasn’t where you wanted to go. What would you do next?” Conducting the Test June 11, 2015 93 Flickr: Samuel Mann
- 94. Examples of testing paper prototypes: Testing Paper Prototypes June 11, 2015 94Example 2
- 95. z z / / / Exercise: Creating and Testing a Paper Prototype Introduction June 11, 2015 95
- 96. What we’ll do • Divide into groups of two people each. • Create a simple paper prototype. (30 minutes) • Test the prototype with people from other teams. (30 minutes) • Discussion (10 minutes) Introduction June 11, 2015 96
- 97. Divide into groups of two people. Introduction June 11, 2015 97
- 98. Create a simple prototype. • Keep it simple. It doesn’t need to include every detail. • Plan and sketch it out first. • Decide which tasks you want to test. • Create screens and states for those tasks. Introduction June 11, 2015 98
- 99. Choose one of these prototypes to create (website or mobile app) Introduction June 11, 2015 99 Wish list on an ecommerce site Weather site or app Store Locator (on a physical store’s website or app) Possible tasks to test Start on the home page and find your wish list Check the current weather in Sofia Find the nearest stores to this location Remove an item from your wish list See what the weather is going to be like tonight in Sofia Check the store’s hours to see how late they are open tonight Add a comment about an item Check the weather for Monday in Sofia Get driving directions to the store Mark one of the items high priority and another low priority Check the current weather for Paris Change the order of the items in the list
- 100. Wish list on an ecommerce site Introduction June 11, 2015 100
- 101. Weather site or app Introduction June 11, 2015 101
- 102. Store Locator Introduction June 11, 2015 102
- 103. z z / / / Exercise: Creating and Testing a Paper Prototype Create the Paper Prototype June 11, 2015 103
- 104. Choose one of these prototypes to create (website or mobile app) Create the Paper Prototype (30 minutes) June 11, 2015 104 Wish list on an ecommerce site Weather site or app Store Locator (on a physical store’s website or app) Possible tasks to test Start on the home page and find your wish list Check the current weather in Sofia Find the nearest stores to this location Remove an item from your wish list See what the weather is going to be like tonight in Sofia Check the store’s hours to see how late they are open tonight Add a comment about an item Check the weather for Monday in Sofia Get driving directions to the store Mark one of the items high priority and another low priority Check the current weather for Paris Change the order of the items in the list
- 105. z z / / / Exercise: Creating and Testing a Paper Prototype Testing the Paper Prototype June 11, 2015 105
- 106. Join with another group. Testing the Paper Prototype (30 minutes) June 11, 2015 106 Group 1 Group 2
- 107. Conduct four tests, rotating roles so that each person plays each role once. Testing the Paper Prototype (30 minutes) June 11, 2015 107 Facilitator Computer Participant 1 Group 1 Group 2 Participant 2Round 1 Sits Out About 5 minutes per participant
- 108. Conduct four tests, rotating roles so that each person plays each role once. Testing the Paper Prototype (30 minutes) June 11, 2015 108 Computer Facilitator Participant 1 Group 1 Group 2 Participant 2Round 2 Sits Out About 5 minutes per participant
- 109. Conduct four tests, rotating roles so that each person plays each role once. Testing the Paper Prototype (30 minutes) June 11, 2015 109 Facilitator Computer Participant 1 Group 2 Group 1 Participant 2Round 3 Sits Out About 5 minutes per participant
- 110. Conduct four tests, rotating roles so that each person plays each role once. Testing the Paper Prototype (30 minutes) June 11, 2015 110 Computer Facilitator Participant 1 Group 2 Group 1 Participant 2Round 4 Sits Out About 5 minutes per participant
- 111. z z / / / Exercise: Creating and Testing a Paper Prototype Discussion June 11, 2015 111
- 112. Creating the paper prototype • How did you feel about creating the prototype? • Was it easier or harder than you expected? • What would you do if you had more time? Discussion June 11, 2015 112
- 113. Testing the paper prototype • What did you find from the testing? • What was it like playing the computer? Being the facilitator? The participant? • Which one was the most difficult? • What would you do differently next time? Discussion June 11, 2015 113
- 114. Questions or other comments? • Any other questions for me? • Comments? Discussion June 11, 2015 114
- 115. z z Resources for Paper Prototyping June 11, 2015 115
- 116. Paper prototyping • Paper Prototyping: The Fast and Easy Way to Design and Refine User Interfaces, Carolyn Snyder • Prototyping: A Practitioner’s Guide, Todd Zaki Warfel Paper Prototyping Elements • Paper Prototyping Helper Kit from User Focus Resources for Paper Prototyping June 11, 2015 116
- 117. Usability Testing • Rocket Surgery Made Easy: Steve Krug • Handbook of Usability Testing: How to Plan, Design, and Conduct Effective Tests: Jeffrey Rubin and Data Chisnell Resources for Paper Prototyping June 11, 2015 117
- 118. June 11, 2015 118 Thank You